Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors

ABSTRACT

This invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) 
                         
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in which R-groups R 1  to R 23 , A, Q, U, V, W, X, Y, Z, n, p and q are as defined herein, to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and salts, and to methods of using such compounds, salts and compositions for the treatment of abnormal cell growth, including cancer, in a subject.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a Continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 16/391,836, filed Apr. 23, 2019, now allowed, which claims thebenefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/663,096,filed on Apr. 26, 2018, to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/750,454,filed on Oct. 25, 2018, and to U.S. Provisional Application No.62/826,609, filed on Mar. 29, 2019, each of which is incorporated byreference herein in its entirety.

REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING

This application is being filed electronically via EFS-Web and includesan electronically submitted sequence listing in .txt format. The .txtfile contains a sequence listing entitled “PC72436BSEQLISTING ST25.txt”created on Jul. 29, 2020 and having a size of 1 KB. The sequence listingcontained in this .txt file is part of the specification and is hereinincorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to compounds of Formulae (I)-(XII), andpharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, to pharmaceuticalcompositions comprising such compounds and salts, and to the usesthereof. The compounds, salts and compositions of the present inventionmay be useful for the treatment of abnormal cell growth, such as cancer,in a subject.

Description of the Related Art

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and related serine/threonine proteinkinases are important cellular enzymes that perform essential functionsin regulating cell division and proliferation. The CDK catalytic unitsare activated by regulatory subunits known as cyclins. At least sixteenmammalian cyclins have been identified (Johnson D G, Walker C L. Cyclinsand Cell Cycle Checkpoints. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. (1999)39:295-312). Additional functions of Cyclin/CDK heterodynes includeregulation of transcription, DNA repair, differentiation and apoptosis(Morgan D O. Cyclin-dependent kinases: engines, clocks, andmicroprocessors. Annu. Rev. Cell. Dev. Biol. (1997) 13:261-291).

CDK inhibitors have been demonstrated to be useful in treating cancer.Increased activity or temporally abnormal activation of CDKs has beenshown to result in the development of human tumors, and human tumordevelopment is commonly associated with alterations in either the CDKproteins themselves or their regulators (Cordon-Cardo C. Mutations ofcell cycle regulators: biological and clinical implications for humanneoplasia. Am. J. Pathol. (1995) 147:545-560; Karp J E, Broder S.Molecular foundations of cancer: new targets for intervention. Nat. Med.(1995) 1:309-320; Hall M, Peters G. Genetic alterations of cyclins,cyclin-dependent kinases, and Cdk inhibitors in human cancer. Adv.Cancer Res. (1996) 68:67-108).

CDK4 and CDK6 are important regulators of cell cycle progression at theG1-S checkpoint, which are controlled by D-type cyclins and INK4endogenous CDK inhibitors, such as p16^(INK4a) (CDKN2A). Dysregulationof the cyclin D-CDK4/6-INK4-retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway has beenreported to be associated with development of endocrine therapyresistance.

Mutations of CDK4 and CDK6 have been described in subgroups of melanomaand other tumors (Zuo L, et al., Germline mutations in the p16INK4abinding domain of CDK4 in familial melanoma. Nature Genet. (1996) 12,97-99; Ortega S, et al. Cyclin D-dependent kinases, INK4 inhibitors andcancer. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (2002) 1602:73-87; Smalley K S M et al.Identification of a novel subgroup of melanomas withKIT/cyclin-dependent kinase-4 overexpression. Cancer Res (2008) 68:5743-52). Amplifications of the regulatory subunits of CDKs and cyclins,and mutation, gene deletion, or transcriptional silencing of endogenousINK4 CDK inhibitors have also been reported as mechanism by which thepathway can be activated (Smalley KSM (2008)).

The development of CDK inhibitors has been reviewed in the literature.For example, see Sánchez-Martinez et al. Cyclin dependent kinase (CDK)inhibitors as anticancer drugs, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (2015) 25:3420-3435 (and references cited therein). The use of CDK4/6 inhibitorsin combination with endocrine therapy has demonstrated significantefficacy in the treatment of hormone receptor (HR)-positive, humanepidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced or metastatic breastcancers, and CDK4/6 inhibitors, including palbociclib, ribociclib andabemaciclib, have been approved in combination with endocrine therapy ina first- or second-line setting.

However, treatment with CDK4/6 inhibitors may result in adverse effects,such as gastrointestinal and/or hematologic toxicities, and acquiredresistance may develop over time. Emerging data suggest that cyclinD3-CDK6 may be linked to the observed hematologic toxicity. (Malumbreset al., Mammalian Cells Cycle without the D-type Cyclin-DependentKinases Cdk4 and Cdk6, (2004) Cell 118(4):493-504; Sicinska et al.Essential Role for Cyclin D3 in Granulocyte Colony-StimulatingFactor-Driven Expansion of Neutrophil Granulocytes (2006), Mol. CellBiol 26(21): 8052-8060; Cooper et al. A unique function for cyclin D3 inearly B cell development, (2006), Nat. Immunol. 5(7):489-497). CDK4 hasbeen identified as the singular oncogenic driver in many breast cancers.Accordingly, a CDK4 selective inhibitor may provide an improved safetyprofile or enhanced overall efficacy due to the potential of higherand/or continuous dosing compared to dual CDK4/6 inhibitors.

Accordingly, there remains a need for improved therapies for thetreatment of cancers. The compounds, compositions and methods of thepresent invention are believed to have one or more advantages, such asgreater efficacy; potential to reduce side effects; potential to reducedrug-drug interactions; potential to enable an improved dosing schedule;or potential to overcome resistance mechanisms, and the like.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides, in part, compounds of Formula (I)-(XII)and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Such compounds caninhibit the activity of CDKs, including CDK4 and/or CDK6, therebyeffecting biological functions. In some embodiments, the inventionprovides compounds that are selective for CDK4. Also provided arepharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising the compounds orsalts of the invention, alone or in combination with additionalanticancer therapeutic agents.

The present invention also provides, in part, methods for preparing thecompounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and compositions of theinvention, and methods of using the foregoing alone or in combinationwith additional anticancer therapeutic agents.

In one aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

A is N or CH;

R¹ is H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy,where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰;

U is NR² or CR³;

V is N or CR⁴ when U is NR²; and

V is NR⁵ when U is CR³;

X is CR⁶ or N;

Y is CR⁷ or N;

Z is CR⁸ or N;

R² and R³ are H, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkylis optionally substituted by R²⁰ and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹;

R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, C₁-C₄fluoroalkoxy, C(O)R^(a), C(O)NR^(b) ₂, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally substituted by R²⁰, eachsaid C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionallysubstituted by R²¹, R^(a) is C₁-C₂ alkyl, and each R^(b) isindependently H or C₁-C₂ alkyl; and

R⁵ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyland C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰; or

R² can be taken together with R⁴, or R³ can be taken together with R⁵,to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring, optionally containing anadditional heteroatom selected from NR²⁴, O and S(O)_(m) as a ringmember, which ring is optionally substituted by R²¹;

R⁶ is H, F, Cl, CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ or CF₃;

R⁷ and R⁸ are independently H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₂alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally substituted by R²⁰;

R⁹ is H, OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, whereeach said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted byR²⁰;

Q is NR¹¹ or O; or

Q is CR¹²R¹³, where R¹² and R¹³ are taken together with the C atom towhich they are attached to form a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ringcontaining NR¹¹ or O as a ring member, which ring is optionally furthersubstituted by R¹⁰;

R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, SO₂R¹⁴, SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷,COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkylis optionally substituted by R²⁰, SO₂R¹⁴, SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷, COOR¹⁷ orCONR¹⁸R¹⁹;

R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl;

each R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ is independently H or CH₃;

R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰ and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹;

each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰;

each R²⁰ is independently OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN,NR²²R²³, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where each saidC₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substitutedby R²¹;

each R²¹ is independently F, OH, CN, NR²²R²³, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally further substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R²² and R²³ is independently H, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₁-C₃ fluoroalkyl,C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₃alkyl and C₁-C₃ fluoroalkyl is optionally further substituted by OH,C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and3-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionally further substituted by F, OH,C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy; or

R²² and R²³ may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached to form an azetidinyl ring, where said ring is optionallysubstituted by F, OH, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy orC₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy;

R²⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, SO₂R²⁵, SO₂NR²⁶R²⁷, COR²⁸,COOR²⁸ or CONR²⁹R³⁰;

R²⁵ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl;

each R²⁶ and R²⁷ is independently H or CH₃;

R²⁸ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl andC₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂fluoroalkoxy, CN, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R²⁹ and R³⁰ is independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN, NH₂, NHCH₃ orN(CH₃)₂;

m is 0, 1 or 2;

n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

p is 1, 2 or 3; and

q is 0, 1, 2 or 3;

wherein the sum of p and q is an integer from 1 to 4.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formula (II):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R¹ is H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where each saidC₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

U is NR² or CR³;

V is N or CR⁴ when U is NR²; and

V is NR⁵ when U is CR³;

X is CR⁶ or N;

Y is CR⁷ or N;

Z is CR⁸ or N;

R² and R³ are H, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkylis optionally substituted by R²⁰ and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹;

R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

R⁵ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyland C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

R⁶ is H, F, Cl, CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ or CF₃;

R⁷ and R⁸ are independently H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₂alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally substituted by R²⁰;

R⁹ is H, OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, whereeach said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted byR²⁰;

Q is NR¹¹ or O; or

Q is CR¹²R¹³, where R¹² and R¹³ are taken together with the C atom towhich they are attached to form a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ringcontaining NR¹¹ or O as a ring member, which ring is optionally furthersubstituted by R¹⁰;

R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, SO₂R¹⁴, SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷,COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹;

R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl;

each R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ is independently H or CH₃;

R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl andC₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰;

each R²⁰ is independently OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN orNR²²R²³;

each R²¹ is independently F, OH, CN, NR²²R²³, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally further substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R²² and R²³ is independently H, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl;or

R²² and R²³ may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached to form an azetidinyl ring, which is optionally substitutedby F or OH;

n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

p is 1, 2 or 3; and

q is 0, 1, 2 or 3;

wherein the sum of p and q is an integer from 1 to 4.

In another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a compound of the invention, according to any of the formulaedescribed herein, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and apharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises two ormore pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or excipients.

The invention also provides therapeutic methods and uses comprisingadministering a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.

In one aspect, the invention provides a method for the treatment ofabnormal cell growth, in particular cancer, in a subject in needthereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeuticallyeffective amount of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof. Compounds of the invention may be administeredas single agents or may be administered in combination with otheranti-cancer therapeutic agents, including standard of care agentsappropriate for the particular form of cancer.

In a further aspect, the invention provides a method for the treatmentof abnormal cell growth, in particular cancer, in a subject in needthereof, comprising administering to the subject an amount of a compoundof the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, incombination with an amount of an additional anti-cancer therapeuticagent, which amounts are together effective in treating said abnormalcell growth.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of the invention,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatmentof abnormal cell growth, in particular, cancer, in a subject.

In a further aspect, the invention provides the use of a compound of theinvention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for thetreatment of abnormal cell growth, in particular, cancer, in a subject.

In another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical compositionfor use in the treatment of abnormal cell growth, in particular cancer,in a subject in need thereof, which pharmaceutical composition comprisesa compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of the invention,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use as a medicament,in particular a medicament for the treatment of abnormal cell growth,such as cancer.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides the use of a compound ofthe invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for themanufacture of a medicament for the treatment of abnormal cell growth,such as cancer, in a subject.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method for the treatment ofa disorder mediated by CDK4 in a subject, comprising administering tothe subject a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, in an amount that is effective for treatingsaid disorder, in particular, cancer.

In another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a compound of the invention, according to any of the formulaedescribed herein, and a second pharmaceutically active agent.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of the invention,according to any of the formulae described herein, for use in thetreatment of cancer, wherein said treatment comprises the administrationof a second pharmaceutically active agent.

Each of the aspects and embodiments of the compounds of the presentinvention described below can be combined with one or more otherembodiments of the compounds of the present invention described hereinnot inconsistent with the embodiment(s) with which it is combined.

In addition, each of the embodiments below describing the inventionenvisions within its scope the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of thecompounds of the invention. Accordingly, the phrase “or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof” is implicit in the descriptionof all compounds described herein unless explicitly indicated to thecontrary.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention may be understood more readily by reference to thefollowing detailed description of the preferred embodiments of theinvention and the Examples included herein. It is to be understood thatthe terminology used herein is provided for the purpose of describingspecific embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. It isfurther to be understood that unless specifically defined herein, theterminology used herein is to be given its traditional meaning as knownin the relevant art.

As used herein, the singular form “a”, “an”, and “the” include pluralreferences unless indicated otherwise. For example, “a” substituentincludes one or more substituents. The term “about” means having a valuefalling within an accepted standard of error of the mean, whenconsidered by one of ordinary skill in the art.

The invention described herein suitably may be practiced in the absenceof any element(s) not specifically disclosed herein. Thus, for example,in each instance herein any of the terms “comprising”, “consistingessentially of”, and “consisting of” may be replaced with either of theother two terms.

“Alkyl” refers to a saturated, monovalent aliphatic hydrocarbon radicalincluding straight chain and branched chain groups having the specifiednumber of carbon atoms. Alkyl substituents typically contain 1 to 12carbon atoms (“C₁-C₁₂ alkyl”), frequently 1 to 8 carbon atoms (“C₁-C₈alkyl”), or more frequently 1 to 6 carbon atoms (“C₁-C₆ alkyl”), 1 to 5carbon atoms (“C₁-C₅ alkyl”), 1 to 4 carbon atoms (“C₁-C₄ alkyl”) or 1to 2 carbon atoms (“C₁-C₂ alkyl”). Examples of alkyl groups includemethyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl,n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl and the like.

Alkyl groups described herein as optionally substituted may besubstituted by one or more substituent groups, as further defined by theclaims, which substituent groups are selected independently unlessotherwise indicated. The total number of substituent groups may equalthe total number of hydrogen atoms on the alkyl moiety, to the extentsuch substitution makes chemical sense. Optionally substituted alkylgroups typically contain from 1 to 6 optional substituents, sometimes 1to 5 optional substituents, 1 to 4 optional substituents, or preferably1 to 3 optional substituents.

Optional substituent that are suitable for alkyl include, but are notlimited to, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, 3-12 membered heterocyclyl, C₆-C₁₂ aryland 5-12 membered heteroaryl, halo, ═O (oxo), ═S (thiono), ═N—CN,═N—OR^(x), ═NR^(x), —CN, —C(O)R^(x), —CO₂R^(x), —C(O)NR^(x)R^(y),—SR^(x), —SOR^(x), —SO₂R^(x), —SO₂NR^(x)R^(y), —NO₂, —NR^(x)R^(y),—NR^(x)C(O)R^(y), —NR^(x)C(O)NR^(x)R^(y), —NR^(x)C(O)OR^(x),—NR^(x)SO₂R^(y), —NR^(x)SO₂NR^(x)R^(y), —OR^(x), —OC(O)R^(x) and—OC(O)NR^(x)R^(y); wherein each R^(x) and R^(y) is independently H,C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₁-C₈ acyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl,3-12 membered heterocyclyl, C₆-C₁₂ aryl, or 5-12 membered heteroaryl, orR^(x) and R^(y) may be taken together with the N atom to which they areattached to form a 3-12 membered heterocyclyl or 5-12 memberedheteroaryl, each optionally containing 1, 2 or 3 additional heteroatomsselected from O, N and S(O)_(q) where q is 0-2; each R^(x) and R^(y) isoptionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents independently selectedfrom the group consisting of halo, ═O, ═S, ═N—CN, ═N—OR′, ═NR′, —CN,—C(O)R′, —CO₂R′, —C(O)NR′₂, —SOR′, —SO₂R′, —SO₂NR′₂, —NO₂, —NR′₂,—NR′C(O)R′, —NR′C(O)NR′₂, —NR′C(O)OR′, —NR′SO₂R′, —NR′SO₂NR′₂, —OR′,—OC(O)R′ and —OC(O)NR′₂, wherein each R′ is independently H, C₁-C₈alkyl, C₁-C₈ acyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, 3-12membered heterocyclyl, C₆-C₁₂ aryl, or C₅-C₁₂ heteroaryl; and whereineach said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, 3-12 membered heterocyclyl, C₆-C₁₂ aryl and5-12 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted as further definedherein.

Typical substituent groups on alkyl include halo, —OH, C₁-C₄ alkoxy,—O—C₆-C₁₂ aryl, —CN, ═O, —COOR^(x), —OC(O)R^(x), —C(O)NR^(x)R^(y),—NR^(x)C(O)R^(y), —NR^(x)R^(y), C₃-C₀ cycloalkyl, C₆-C₁₂ aryl, 5-12membered heteroaryl and 3-12 membered heterocyclyl; where each R^(x) andR^(y) is independently H or C₁-C₄ alkyl, or R^(x) and R^(y) may be takentogether with the N to which they are attached form a 3-12 memberedheterocyclyl or 5-12 membered heteroaryl ring, each optionallycontaining 1, 2 or 3 additional heteroatoms selected from O, N andS(O)_(q) where q is 0-2; wherein each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, C₆-C₁₂aryl, 5-12 membered heteroaryl and 3-12 membered heterocyclyl isoptionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents independently selectedfrom the group consisting of halo, —OH, ═O, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy,C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy-C₁-C₆ alkyl, —CN,—NH₂, —NH(C₁-C₄ alkyl) and —N(C₁-C₄ alkyl)₂.

In some instances, substituted alkyl groups are specifically named byreference to the substituent group. For example, “haloalkyl” refers toan alkyl group having the specified number of carbon atoms that issubstituted by one or more halo substituents, up to the availablevalence number. Typically, haloalkyl groups contain 1-6 carbon atoms,1-5 carbon atoms, 1-4 carbon atoms or 1-2 carbon atoms and 1, 2, 3, 4 or5 halo atoms (i.e., “C₁-C₅ haloalkyl”, “C₁-C₄ haloalkyl” or “C₁-C₂haloalkyl”).

More specifically, fluorinated alkyl groups may be specifically referredto as “fluoroalkyl” groups, (e.g., C₁-C₅, C₁-C₄ or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkylgroups), which are typically substituted by 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 fluoroatoms. Thus, a C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl includes trifluoromethyl (—CF₃),difluoromethyl (—CF₂H), fluoromethyl (—CFH₂), difluoroethyl (—CH₂CF₂H),and the like. Such groups may be further substituted by groups suitablefor alkyl groups, as further described herein.

In some embodiments of the present invention, alkyl and fluoroalkylgroups are optionally substituted by one or more optional substituents,and preferably by 1 to 3 optional substituents, which are independentlyOH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN or NR′₂, where each R′ isindependently H, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl.

Similarly, “alkoxyalkyl” refers to an alkyl group having the specifiednumber of carbon atoms that is substituted by one or more alkoxysubstituents. Alkoxyalkyl groups typically contain 1-4 carbon atoms inthe alkyl portion and are substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C₁-C₄ alkyoxysubstituents. Such groups are sometimes described herein as C₁-C₄alkyoxy-C₁-C₄ alkyl.

“Aminoalkyl” refers to alkyl group having the specified number of carbonatoms that is substituted by one or more substituted or unsubstitutedamino groups, as such groups are further defined herein. Aminoalkylgroups typically contain 1-6 carbon atoms in the alkyl portion and aresubstituted by 1, 2 or 3 amino substituents. Thus, a C₁-C₆ aminoalkylincludes, for example, aminomethyl (—CH₂NH₂), N,N-dimethylaminoethyl(—CH₂CH₂N(CH₃)₂), 3-(N-cyclopropylamino)-propyl (—CH₂CH₂CH₂NH—^(o)Pr)and N-pyrrolidinylethyl (—CH₂CH₂.N-pyrrolidinyl).

“Hydroxyalkyl” refers to an alkyl group having the specified number ofcarbon atoms that is substituted by one or more hydroxy substituents,and typically contain 1-6 carbon atoms, preferably 1-4 carbon atoms, and1, 2 or 3 hydroxy (i.e., “C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl”). Thus, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkylincludes hydroxymethyl (—CH₂OH) and 2-hydroxyethyl (—CH₂CH₂OH).

“Alkenyl” refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, consisting of atleast two carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond.Typically, alkenyl groups have 2 to 20 carbon atoms (“C₂-C₂₀ alkenyl”),preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms (“C₂-C₁₂ alkenyl”), more preferably 2 to8 carbon atoms (“C₂-C₈ alkenyl”), or 2 to 6 carbon atoms (“C₂-C₆alkenyl”), or 2 to 4 carbon atoms (“C₂-C₄ alkenyl”). Representativeexamples include, but are not limited to, ethenyl, 1-propenyl,2-propenyl, 1-, 2-, or 3-butenyl, and the like. Alkenyl groups areunsubstituted or substituted by the same groups that are describedherein as suitable for alkyl.

“Alkynyl” refers to an alkyl group, as defined herein, consisting of atleast two carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.Alkynyl groups have 2 to 20 carbon atoms (“C₂-C₂₀ alkynyl”), preferably2 to 12 carbon atoms (“C₂-C₁₂ alkynyl”), more preferably 2 to 8 carbonatoms (“C₂-C₈ alkynyl”), or 2 to 6 carbon atoms (“C₂-C₆ alkynyl”), or 2to 4 carbon atoms (“C₂-C₄ alkynyl”). Representative examples include,but are not limited to, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-, 2-, or3-butynyl, and the like. Alkynyl groups are unsubstituted or substitutedby the same groups that are described herein as suitable for alkyl.

“Alkylene” as used herein refers to a divalent hydrocarbyl group havingthe specified number of carbon atoms which can link two other groupstogether. Sometimes it refers to a group —(CH₂)_(t)— where t is 1-8, andpreferably t is 1-6, t is 1-4 or t is 1-2. Such groups may be referredto as a C₁-C₈ alkylene, C₁-C₆ alkylene, C₁-C₄ alkylene, etc. Wherespecified, an alkylene can also be substituted by other groups and mayinclude one or more degrees of unsaturation (i.e., an alkenylene oralkynlene moiety) or rings. The open valences of an alkylene need not beat opposite ends of the chain. Thus branched alkylene groups such as—CH(Me)-, —CH₂CH(Me)- and —C(Me)₂- are also included within the scope ofthe term ‘alkylenes’, as are cyclic groups such as cyclopropan-1,1-diyland unsaturated groups such as ethylene (—CH═CH—) or propylene(—CH₂—CH═CH—). Where an alkylene group is described as optionallysubstituted, the substituents include those typically present on alkylgroups as described herein.

“Heteroalkylene” refers to an alkylene group as described above, whereinone or more non-contiguous carbon atoms of the alkylene chain arereplaced by —N(R)—, —O— or —S(O)_(x), where R is H or a substituentgroup suitable for a secondary amino moiety and x is 0-2. For example,the group —O—(CH₂)₁₋₃— is a ‘C₂-C₄’-heteroalkylene group, where one ofthe carbon atoms of the corresponding alkylene is replaced by O.

“Alkoxy” refers to a monovalent —O-alkyl group, wherein the alkylportion has the specified number of carbon atoms. Alkoxy groupstypically contain 1 to 8 carbon atoms (“C₁-C₈ alkoxy”), or 1 to 6 carbonatoms (“C₁-C₆ alkoxy”), or 1 to 4 carbon atoms (“C₁-C₄ alkoxy”). Forexample, C₁-C₄ alkoxy includes methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy,tert-butyloxy (i.e., —OCH₃, —OCH₂CH₃, —OCH(CH₃)₂, —OC(CH₃)₃), and thelike. Alkoxy groups are unsubstituted or substituted on the alkylportion by the same groups that are described herein as suitable foralkyl. In particular, alkoxy groups may be optionally substituted by oneor more halo atoms, and in particular one or more fluoro atoms, up tothe total number of hydrogen atoms present on the alkyl portion. Suchgroups are referred to as “haloalkoxy” (or, where fluorinated, morespecifically as “fluoroalkoxy”) groups having the specified number ofcarbon atoms and substituted by one or more halo substituents, Typicallysuch groups contain from 1-6 carbon atoms, preferably 1-4 carbon atoms,and sometimes 1-2 carbon atoms, and 1, 2 or 3 halo atoms (i.e., “C₁-C₆haloalkoxy”, “C₁-C₄ haloalkoxy” or “C₁-C₂ haloalkoxy”). Morespecifically, fluorinated alkoxy groups may be specifically referred toas “fluoroalkoxy” groups, e.g., C₁-C₆, C₁-C₄ or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxygroups, which are typically substituted by 1, 2 or 3 fluoro atoms. Thus,a C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy includes trifluoromethyloxy (—OCF₃),difluoromethyloxy (—OCF₂H), fluoromethyloxy (—OCFH₂), difluoroethyloxy(—OCH₂CF₂H), and the like.

Similarly, “thioalkoxy” refers to a monovalent —S-alkyl group, whereinthe alkyl portion has the specified number of carbon atoms and isoptionally substituted on the alkyl portion by the same groups that aredescribed herein as suitable for alkyl. For example, a C₁-C₄ thioalkoxyincludes —SCH₃ and —SCH₂CH₃.

“Cycloalkyl” refers to a non-aromatic, saturated carbocyclic ring systemcontaining the specified number of carbon atoms, which may be amonocyclic, spirocyclic, bridged or fused bicyclic or polycyclic ringsystem that is connected to the base molecule through a carbon atom ofthe cycloalkyl ring. Typically, the cycloalkyl groups of the inventioncontain 3 to 12 carbon atoms (“C₃-C₁₂ cycloalkyl”), preferably 3 to 8carbon atoms (“C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl”). Partially unsaturated carbocyclicrings may be referred to as “cycloalkenyl” rings. Representativeexamples of cycloalkyl and cycloalkenyl rings include, e.g.,cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclopentene, cyclohexane,cyclohexene, cyclohexadiene, cycloheptane, cycloheptatriene, adamantane,and the like. Cycloalkyl groups are unsubstituted or substituted by thesame groups that are described herein as suitable for alkyl, except thatcycloalkyl rings may also be substituted by alkyl groups having thespecified number of carbon atoms, which may be further optionallysubstituted as described herein.

Illustrative examples of cycloalkyl and cycloalkenyl rings include, butare not limited to, the following:

“Cycloalkylalkyl” is used to describe a cycloalkyl ring, typically aC₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, which is connected to the base molecule through analkylene linker, typically a C₁-C₄ alkylene. Cycloalkylalkyl groups aresometimes described by the total number of carbon atoms in thecarbocyclic ring and linker, and typically contain from 4-12 carbonatoms (“C₄-C₁₂ cycloalkylalkyl”). Thus a cyclopropylmethyl group is aC₄-cycloalkylalkyl group and a cyclohexylethyl is a C₈-cycloalkylalkyl.Cycloalkylalkyl groups are unsubstituted or substituted on thecycloalkyl and/or alkylene portions by the same groups that aredescribed herein as suitable for alkyl groups.

The terms “heterocyclyl” or “heterocyclic” may be used interchangeablyto refer to a non-aromatic, saturated ring system containing thespecified number of ring atoms, including at least one heteroatomselected from N, O and S as a ring member, where ring S atoms areoptionally substituted by one or two oxo groups (i.e., S(O), where x is0, 1 or 2) and where the heterocyclic ring is connected to the basemolecule via a ring atom, which may be C or N. Where specificallyindicated, such heterocyclic rings may be partially unsaturated.Heterocyclic rings include rings which are spirocyclic, bridged, orfused to one or more other heterocyclic or carbocyclic rings, where suchspirocyclic, bridged, or fused rings may themselves be saturated,partially unsaturated or aromatic to the extent unsaturation oraromaticity makes chemical sense, provided the point of attachment tothe base molecule is an atom of the heterocyclic portion of the ringsystem. Preferably, heterocyclic rings contain 1 to 4 heteroatomsselected from N, O, and S(O)_(q) as ring members, and more preferably 1to 2 ring heteroatoms, provided that such heterocyclic rings do notcontain two contiguous oxygen atoms.

Heterocyclyl groups are unsubstituted or substituted by suitablesubstituent groups, for example the same groups that are describedherein as suitable for alkyl, except that heterocycyl rings may also besubstituted by alkyl groups having the specified number of carbon atoms,which may be further optionally substituted as described herein. Suchsubstituents may be present on the heterocycylic ring attached to thebase molecule, or on a spirocyclic, bridged or fused ring attachedthereto. In addition, ring N atoms are optionally substituted by groupssuitable for an amine, e.g., alkyl, acyl, carbamoyl, sulfonyl, and thelike.

Heterocycles typically include 3-12 membered heterocyclyl groups, 3-10membered heterocyclyl groups, 3-8 membered heterocyclyl groups, and morepreferably 3-6 membered heterocyclyl groups, in accordance with thedefinition herein.

Illustrative examples of saturated heterocycles include, but are notlimited to:

Illustrative examples of bridged, fused and spiro heterocycles include,but are not limited to:

In some embodiments, heterocyclic groups contain 3-12 ring members,including both carbon and non-carbon heteroatoms, and frequently 3-8 or3-6 ring members. In certain preferred embodiments, substituent groupscomprising 3-12 membered heterocycles are selected from azetidinyl,pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, azepanyl, diazepanyl, oxetanyl,tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, morpholinyland thiomorpholinyl rings, each of which are optionally substituted asdescribed for the particular substituent group, to the extent suchsubstitution makes chemical sense.

In some embodiments of the present invention, cycloalkyl andheterocyclyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more optionalsubstituents, and preferably by 1 to 3 optional substituents, which areindependently F, OH, CN, NR′₂ (where each R′ is independently H, C₁-C₂alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl), C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally furthersubstituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂.

It is understood that no more than two N, O or S atoms are ordinarilyconnected sequentially, except where an oxo group is attached to N or Sto form a nitro or sulfonyl group, or in the case of certainheteroaromatic rings, such as triazine, triazole, tetrazole, oxadiazole,thiadiazole, and the like.

The term “heterocyclylalkyl” may be used to describe a heterocyclicgroup of the specified size that is connected to the base moleculethrough an alkylene linker of the specified length. Typically, suchgroups contain an optionally substituted 3-12 membered heterocycleattached to the base molecule through a C₁-C₄ alkylene linker. Where soindicated, such groups are optionally substituted on the alkyleneportion by the same groups that are described herein as suitable foralkyl groups and on the heterocyclic portion by groups described assuitable for heterocyclic rings.

“Aryl” or “aromatic” refer to an optionally substituted monocyclic orfused bicyclic or polycyclic ring system having the well-knowncharacteristics of aromaticity, wherein at least one ring contains acompletely conjugated pi-electron system. Typically, aryl groups contain6 to 20 carbon atoms (“C₆-C₂₀ aryl”) as ring members, preferably 6 to 14carbon atoms (“C₆-C₁₄ aryl”) or more preferably, 6 to 12 carbon atoms(“C₆-C₁₂ aryl”). Fused aryl groups may include an aryl ring (e.g., aphenyl ring) fused to another aryl or heteroaryl ring or fused to asaturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring,provided the point of attachment to the base molecule on such fused ringsystems is an atom of the aromatic portion of the ring system. Examples,without limitation, of aryl groups include phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl,anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, indanyl, indenyl, and tetrahydronaphthyl.The aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted as further describedherein.

Similarly, “heteroaryl” or “heteroaromatic” refer to monocyclic or fusedbicyclic or polycyclic ring systems having the well-knowncharacteristics of aromaticity that contain the specified number of ringatoms and include at least one heteroatom selected from N, O and S as aring member in an aromatic ring. The inclusion of a heteroatom permitsaromaticity in 5-membered rings as well as 6-membered rings. Typically,heteroaryl groups contain 5 to 20 ring atoms (“5-20 memberedheteroaryl”), preferably 5 to 14 ring atoms (“5-14 memberedheteroaryl”), and more preferably 5 to 12 ring atoms (“5-12 memberedheteroaryl”). Heteroaryl rings are attached to the base molecule via aring atom of the heteroaromatic ring, such that aromaticity ismaintained. Thus, 6-membered heteroaryl rings may be attached to thebase molecule via a ring C atom, while 5-membered heteroaryl rings maybe attached to the base molecule via a ring C or N atom. Heteroarylgroups may also be fused to another aryl or heteroaryl ring or fused toa saturated or partially unsaturated carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring,provided the point of attachment to the base molecule on such fused ringsystems is an atom of the heteroaromatic portion of the ring system.Examples of unsubstituted heteroaryl groups often include, but are notlimited to, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyrazole, imidazole, isoxazole,oxazole, isothiazole, thiazole, triazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole,tetrazole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, benzofuran,benzothiophene, indole, benzimidazole, indazole, quinoline,isoquinoline, purine, triazine, naphthryidine and carbazole. In frequentpreferred embodiments, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl groups are selectedfrom the group consisting of pyrrolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, pyrazolyl,imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, triazolyl,pyridinyl and pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl or pyridazinyl rings. Theheteroaryl group is unsubstituted or substituted as further describedherein.

Aryl and heteroaryl moieties described herein as optionally substitutedmay be substituted by one or more substituent groups, which are selectedindependently unless otherwise indicated. The total number ofsubstituent groups may equal the total number of hydrogen atoms on thearyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl moiety, to the extent such substitutionmakes chemical sense and aromaticity is maintained in the case of aryland heteroaryl rings. Optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl groupstypically contain from 1 to 5 optional substituents, sometimes 1 to 4optional substituents, preferably 1 to 3 optional substituents, or morepreferably from 1-2 optional substituents.

Optional substituent groups suitable for use with aryl and heteroarylrings include, but are not limited to: C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈alkynyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, 3-12 membered heterocyclyl, C₆-C₁₂ aryl and5-12 membered heteroaryl; and halo, ═O, —CN, —C(O)R^(x), —CO₂R^(x),—C(O)NR^(x)R^(y), —SR^(x), —SOR^(x), —SO₂R^(x), —SO₂NR^(x)R^(y), —NO₂,—NR^(x)R^(y), —N R^(x)C(O)R^(y), —NR^(x)C(O)NR^(x)R^(y),—NR^(x)C(O)OR^(x), —NR^(x)SO₂R^(y), —NR^(x)SO₂NR^(x)R^(y), —OR^(x),—OC(O)R^(x) and —OC(O)NR^(x)R^(y); where each R^(x) and R^(y) isindependently H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₁-C₈ acyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl,C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, 3-12 membered heterocyclyl, C₆-C₁₂ aryl, or 5-12membered heteroaryl, or R^(x) and R^(y) may be taken together with the Natom to which they are attached to form a 3-12 membered heterocyclyl or5-12 membered heteroaryl, each optionally containing 1, 2 or 3additional heteroatoms selected from O, N and S(O)_(z) where z is 0-2;each R and R^(y) is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituentsindependently selected from the group consisting of halo, ═O, ═S, ═N—CN,═N—OR′, ═NR′, —CN, —C(O)R′, —CO₂R′, —C(O)NR′₂, SR′, —SOR′, —SO₂R′,—SO₂NR′₂, —NO₂, —NR′₂, —NR′C(O)R′, —NR′C(O)NR′₂, —NR′C(O)OR′, —NR′SO₂R′, —NR′SO₂NR′₂, —OR′, —OC(O)R′ and —OC(O)NR′₂, wherein each R′ isindependently H, C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₁-C₈ acyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈ alkynyl,C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, 3-12 membered heterocyclyl, C₆-C₁₂ aryl, or 5-12membered heteroaryl; and each said C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₂-C₈ alkenyl, C₂-C₈alkynyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, 3-12 membered heterocyclyl, C₆-C₁₂ aryl and5-12 membered heteroaryl is optionally substituted as further definedherein.

In typical embodiments, optional substitution on aryl, heteroaryl andheterocyclyl rings includes one or more substituents, and preferably 1to 3 substituents, independently selected from the group consisting ofhalo, C₁-C₈ alkyl, —OH, C₁-C₈ alkoxy, —CN, ═O, —C(O)R^(x), —COOR^(x),—OC(O)R^(x), —C(O)NR^(x)R^(y), —NR^(x)C(O)R^(y), —SR^(x), —SOR^(x),—SO₂R^(x), —SO₂NR^(x)R^(y), —NO₂, —NR^(x)R^(y), —NR^(x)C(O)R^(y),—NR^(x)C(O)NR^(x)R^(y), —NR^(x)C(O)OR^(y)—NR^(x)SO₂R^(y),—NR^(x)SO₂NR^(x)R^(y), —OC(O)R^(x), —OC(O)NR^(x)R^(y), C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl,3-12 membered heterocyclyl, C₆-C₁₂ aryl, 5-12 membered heteroaryl,—O—(C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl), —O-(3-12 membered heterocyclyl), —O—(C₆-C₁₂ aryl)and —O-(5-12 membered heteroaryl); where each R^(x) and R^(y) isindependently H or C₁-C₄ alkyl, or R^(x) and R^(y) may be taken togetherwith the N to which they are attached form a 3-12 membered heterocyclylor 5-12 membered heteroaryl ring, each optionally containing 1, 2 or 3additional heteroatoms selected from O, N and S(O)_(q) where q is 0-2;and wherein each said C₁-C₈ alkyl, C₁-C₈ alkoxy, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, 3-12membered heterocyclyl, C₆-C₁₂ aryl, 5-12 membered heteroaryl, —O—(C₃-C₈cycloalkyl), —O-(3-12 membered heterocyclyl), —O—(C₆-C₁₂ aryl) and—O-(5-12 membered heteroaryl) that is described as an optionalsubstituent or is part of R^(x) or R^(y) is optionally substituted by 1to 3 substituents independently selected from the group consisting ofhalo, —OH, ═O, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, C₁-C₆ haloalkyl, C₁-C₆hydroxyalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy-C₁-C₆ alkyl, —CN, —NH₂, —NH(C₁-C₄ alkyl),—N(C₁-C₄ alkyl)₂ and N-pyrrolidinyl.

Examples of monocyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limitedto:

Illustrative examples of fused heteroaryl groups include, but are notlimited to:

An “arylalkyl” group refers to an aryl group as described herein whichis linked to the base molecule through an alkylene or similar linker.Arylalkyl groups are described by the total number of carbon atoms inthe ring and linker. Thus, a benzyl group is a C₇-arylalkyl group and aphenylethyl is a C₈-arylalkyl. Typically, arylalkyl groups contain 7-16carbon atoms (“C₇-C₁₆ arylalkyl”), wherein the aryl portion contains6-12 carbon atoms and the alkylene portion contains 1-4 carbon atoms.Such groups may also be represented as —C₁-C₄ alkylene-C₈-C₁₂ aryl.

“Heteroarylalkyl” refers to a heteroaryl group as described above thatis attached to the base molecule through an alkylene linker, and differsfrom “arylalkyl” in that at least one ring atom of the aromatic moietyis a heteroatom selected from N, O and S. Heteroarylalkyl groups aresometimes described herein according to the total number of non-hydrogenatoms (i.e., C, N, S and O atoms) in the ring and linker combined,excluding substituent groups. Thus, for example, pyridinylmethyl may bereferred to as a “C₇”-heteroarylalkyl. Typically, unsubstitutedheteroarylalkyl groups contain 6-20 non-hydrogen atoms (including C, N,S and O atoms), wherein the heteroaryl portion typically contains 5-12atoms and the alkylene portion typically contains 1-4 carbon atoms. Suchgroups may also be represented as —C₁-C₄ alkylene-5-12 memberedheteroaryl.

Similarly, “arylalkoxy” and “heteroarylalkoxy” refer to aryl andheteroaryl groups, attached to the base molecule through aheteroalkylene linker (i.e., —O-alkylene-), wherein the groups aredescribed according to the total number of non-hydrogen atoms (i.e., C,N, S and O atoms) in the ring and linker combined. Thus, —O—CH₂-phenyland —O—CH₂-pyridinyl groups would be referred to as C-arylalkoxy andC-heteroarylalkoxy groups, respectively.

Where an arylalkyl, arylalkoxy, heteroarylalkyl or heteroarylalkoxygroup is described as optionally substituted, the substituents may be oneither the divalent linker portion or on the aryl or heteroaryl portionof the group. The substituents optionally present on the alkylene orheteroalkylene portion are the same as those described above for alkylor alkoxy groups generally, while the substituents optionally present onthe aryl or heteroaryl portion are the same as those described above foraryl or heteroaryl groups generally.

“Hydroxy” refers to an OH group.

“Acyloxy” refers to a monovalent group —OC(O)alkyl, wherein the alkylportion has the specified number of carbon atoms (typically C₁-C₈,preferably C₁-C₆ or C₁-C₄) that are optionally substituted by groupssuitable for alkyl. Thus, C₁-C₄ acyloxy includes an —OC(O)C₁-C₄ alkylsubstituent, e.g., —OC(O)CH₃.

“Acyl” refers to a monovalent group —C(O)alkyl, wherein the alkylportion has the specified number of carbon atoms (typically C₁-C₈,preferably C₁-C₆ or C₁-C₄) and may be optionally substituted by groupssuitable for alkyl, e.g., by F, OH or alkoxy. Thus, optionallysubstituted —C(O)C₁-C₄ alkyl includes unsubstituted acyl groups, such as—C(O)CH₃ (i.e., acetyl) and —C(O)CH₂CH₃ (i.e., propionyl), as well assubstituted acyl groups such as —C(O)CF₃ (trifluoroacetyl), —C(O)CH₂OH(hydroxyacetyl), —C(O)CH₂OCH₃ (methoxyacetyl), —C(O)CF₂H(difluoroacetyl), and the like.

“Acylamino” refers to a monovalent group, —NHC(O)alkyl or —NRC(O)alkyl,wherein the alkyl portion has the specified number of carbon atoms(typically C₁-C₈, preferably C₁-C₆ or C₁-C₄) and is optionallysubstituted by groups suitable for alkyl. Thus, C₁-C₄ acylamino includesan —NHC(O)C₁-C₄ alkyl substituent, e.g., —NHC(O)CH₃.

“Aryloxy” or “heteroaryloxy” refer to optionally substituted O-aryl orO-heteroaryl, in each case where aryl and heteroaryl are as furtherdefined herein.

“Arylamino” or “heteroarylamino” refer to an optionally substituted—NH-aryl, —NR-aryl, —NH-heteroaryl or —NR-heteroaryl, in each case wherearyl and heteroaryl are as further defined herein and R represents asubstituent suitable for an amine, e.g., an alkyl, acyl, carbamoyl orsulfonyl group, or the like.

“Cyano” refers to a —C≡N group.

“Unsubstituted amino” refers to a group —NH₂. Where the amino isdescribed as substituted or optionally substituted, the term includesgroups of the form —NR^(x)R^(y), where each or R^(x) and R^(y) isindependently H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl,acyl, thioacyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkylalkyl, arylalkyl orheteroarylalkyl, in each case having the specified number of atoms andoptionally substituted as described herein. For example, “alkylamino”refers to a group —NR^(x)R^(y), wherein one of R^(x) and R^(y) is analkyl moiety and the other is H, and “dialkylamino” refers to—NR^(x)R^(y) wherein both of R^(x) and R^(y) are alkyl moieties, wherethe alkyl moieties having the specified number of carbon atoms (e.g.,—NH—C₁-C₄ alkyl or —N(C₁-C₄ alkyl)₂). Typically, alkyl substituents onamines contain 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, ormore preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The term also includes formswherein R^(x) and R^(y) are taken together with the N atom to which theyare attached to form a 3-12 membered heterocyclyl or 5-12 memberedheteroaryl ring, each of which may itself be optionally substituted asdescribed herein for heterocyclyl or heteroaryl rings, and which maycontain 1 to 3 additional heteroatoms selected from N, O and S(O)_(x)where x is 0-2 as ring members, provided that such rings do not containtwo contiguous oxygen atoms.

“Halogen” or “halo” refers to fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo (F, Cl, Br,I). Preferably, halo refers to fluoro or chloro (F or Cl).

“Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described eventor circumstance may but need not occur, and the description includesinstances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances in whichit does not.

The terms “optionally substituted” and “substituted or unsubstituted”may be used interchangeably to indicate that the particular group beingdescribed may have no non-hydrogen substituents (i.e., unsubstituted),or the group may have one or more non-hydrogen substituents (i.e.,substituted). If not otherwise specified, the total number ofsubstituents that may be present is equal to the number of H atomspresent on the unsubstituted form of the group being described. Where anoptional substituent is attached via a double bond, such as an oxo (═O)substituent, the group occupies two available valences, so the totalnumber of other substituents that are included is reduced by two.

Frequently, optionally substituted groups are substituted by 1 or moresubstituents independently selected from the list of optionalsubstituents. In some embodiments, optionally substituted groups aresubstituted by 1, 2, 3, or more than 3 substituents independentlyselected from the list of optional substituents. For example, an alkylgroup described as optionally substituted by R^(x) means the alkyl groupis optionally substituted by 1 or more R^(x) substituents independentlyselected from the list of R_(x) substituents provided for the alkylgroup. Where deemed necessary, the description of an optionallysubstituted group herein may be revised to state that the group isoptionally substituted by 1 or more of the indicated substituents. Inthe case where optional substituents are selected from a list ofalternatives, the selected groups are independently selected and may bethe same or different.

Throughout the disclosure, it will be understood that the number andnature of optional substituent groups will be limited to the extent thatsuch substitutions make chemical sense.

In one aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

A is N or CH;

R¹ is H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy,where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰;

U is NR² or CR³;

V is N or CR⁴ when U is NR²; and

V is NR⁵ when U is CR³;

X is CR⁶ or N;

Y is CR⁷ or N;

Z is CR⁸ or N;

R² and R³ are H, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkylis optionally substituted by R²⁰ and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹;

R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, C₁-C₄fluoroalkoxy, C(O)R^(a), C(O)NR^(b) ₂, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally substituted by R²⁰, eachsaid C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionallysubstituted by R²¹, R^(a) is C₁-C₂ alkyl, and each R^(b) isindependently H or C₁-C₂ alkyl; and

R⁵ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyland C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰; or

R² can be taken together with R⁴, or R³ can be taken together with R⁵,to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring, optionally containing anadditional heteroatom selected from NR²⁴, O and S(O)_(m) as a ringmember, which ring is optionally substituted by R²¹;

R⁶ is H, F, Cl, CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ or CF₃;

R⁷ and R⁸ are independently H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₂alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally substituted by R²⁰;

R⁹ is H, OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, whereeach said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted byR²⁰;

Q is NR¹¹ or O; or

Q is CR¹²R¹³, where R¹² and R¹³ are taken together with the C atom towhich they are attached to form a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ringcontaining NR¹¹ or O as a ring member, which ring is optionally furthersubstituted by R¹⁰;

R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, SO₂R¹⁴, SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷,COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkylis optionally substituted by R²⁰, SO₂R¹⁴, SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷, COOR¹⁷ orCONR¹⁸R¹⁹;

R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl;

each R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ is independently H or CH₃;

R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰ and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹;

each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰;

each R²⁰ is independently OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN,NR²²R²³, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where each saidC₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substitutedby R²¹;

each R²¹ is independently F, OH, CN, NR²²R²³, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally further substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R²² and R²³ is independently H, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₁-C₃ fluoroalkyl,C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₃alkyl and C₁-C₃ fluoroalkyl is optionally further substituted by OH,C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and3-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionally further substituted by F, OH,C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy; or

R²² and R²³ may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached to form an azetidinyl ring, where said ring is optionallysubstituted by F, OH, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy orC₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy;

R²⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, SO₂R²⁵, SO₂NR²⁶R²⁷, COR²⁸,COOR²⁸ or CONR²⁹R³⁰;

R²⁵ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl;

each R²⁶ and R²⁷ is independently H or CH₃;

R²⁸ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl andC₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂fluoroalkoxy, CN, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R²⁹ and R³⁰ is independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN, NH₂, NHCH₃ orN(CH₃)₂;

m is 0, 1 or 2;

n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

p is 1, 2 or 3; and

q is 0, 1, 2 or 3;

wherein the sum of p and q is an integer from 1 to 4.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formula (II):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R¹ is H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where each saidC₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

U is NR² or CR³;

V is N or CR⁴ when U is NR²; and

V is NR⁵ when U is CR³;

X is CR⁶ or N;

Y is CR⁷ or N;

Z is CR⁸ or N;

R² and R³ are H, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkylis optionally substituted by R²⁰ and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹;

R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

R⁵ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyland C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

R⁶ is H, F, Cl, CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ or CF₃;

R⁷ and R⁸ are independently H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₂alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally substituted by R²⁰;

R⁹ is H, OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, whereeach said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted byR²⁰;

Q is NR¹¹ or O; or

Q is CR¹²R¹³, where R¹² and R¹³ are taken together with the C atom towhich they are attached to form a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ringcontaining NR¹¹ or O as a ring member, which ring is optionally furthersubstituted by R¹⁰;

R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, SO₂R¹⁴, SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷,COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹;

R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl;

each R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ is independently H or CH₃;

R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl andC₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰;

each R²⁰ is independently OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN orNR²²R²³;

each R²¹ is independently F, OH, CN, NR²²R²³, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally further substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R²² and R²³ is independently H, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl;or

R²² and R²³ may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached to form an azetidinyl ring, which is optionally substitutedby F or OH;

n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

p is 1, 2 or 3; and

q is 0, 1, 2 or 3;

wherein the sum of p and q is an integer from 1 to 4.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formula (III):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R¹ is H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where each saidC₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

U is NR² or CR³;

V is N or CR⁴ when U is NR²; and

V is NR⁵ when U is CR³;

X is CR⁶ or N;

Y is CR⁷ or N;

Z is CR⁸ or N;

R² and R³ are H, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkylis optionally substituted by R²⁰ and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹;

R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

R⁵ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyland C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

R⁶ is H, F, Cl, CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ or CF₃;

R⁷ and R⁸ are independently H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₂alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally substituted by R²⁰;

R⁹ is H, OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, whereeach said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted byR²⁰;

Q is NR¹¹ or O; or

Q is CR¹²R¹³, where R¹² and R¹³ are taken together with the C atom towhich they are attached to form a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ringcontaining NR¹¹ or O as a ring member, which ring is optionally furthersubstituted by R¹⁰;

R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, SO₂R¹⁴, SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷,COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹;

R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl;

each R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ is independently H or CH₃;

R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl andC₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰;

each R²⁰ is independently OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN orNR²²R²³;

each R²¹ is independently F, OH, CN, NR²²R²³, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally further substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R²² and R²³ is independently H, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl;or

R²² and R²³ may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached to form an azetidinyl ring, which is optionally substitutedby F or OH;

n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

p is 1, 2 or 3; and

q is 0, 1, 2 or 3;

wherein the sum of p and q is an integer from 1 to 4.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formula (IV):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R¹ is H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where each saidC₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

U is NR² or CR³;

V is N or CR⁴ when U is NR²; and

V is NR⁵ when U is CR³;

X is CR⁶ or N;

Y is CR⁷ or N;

Z is CR⁸ or N;

R² and R³ are H, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkylis optionally substituted by R²⁰ and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹;

R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally substituted by R²⁰; and

R⁵ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyland C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰; or

R² can be taken together with R⁴, or R³ can be taken together with R⁵,to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring, optionally containing anadditional heteroatom selected from NR²⁴, O and S(O)_(m) as a ringmember, which ring is optionally substituted by R²¹;

R⁶ is H, F, Cl, CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ or CF₃;

R⁷ and R⁸ are independently H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₂alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally substituted by R²⁰;

R⁹ is H, OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, whereeach said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted byR²⁰;

Q is NR¹¹ or O; or

Q is CR¹²R¹³, where R¹² and R¹³ are taken together with the C atom towhich they are attached to form a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ringcontaining NR¹¹ or O as a ring member, which ring is optionally furthersubstituted by R¹⁰;

R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, SO₂R¹⁴, SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷,COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹;

R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl;

each R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ is independently H or CH₃;

R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl andC₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰;

each R²⁰ is independently OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN orNR²²R²³;

each R²¹ is independently F, OH, CN, NR²²R²³, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally further substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R²² and R²³ is independently H, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl;or

R²² and R²³ may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached to form an azetidinyl ring, which is optionally substitutedby F or OH;

R²⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, SO₂R²⁵, SO₂NR²⁶R²⁷, COR²⁸,COOR²⁸ or CONR²⁹R³⁰;

R²⁵ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl;

each R²⁶ and R²⁷ is independently H or CH₃;

R²⁸ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl andC₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂fluoroalkoxy, CN, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R²⁹ and R³⁰ is independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN, NH₂, NHCH₃ orN(CH₃)₂;

m is 0, 1 or 2;

n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

p is 1, 2 or 3; and

q is 0, 1, 2 or 3;

wherein the sum of p and q is an integer from 1 to 4.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formula (V):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R¹ is H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where each saidC₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

U is NR² or CR³;

V is N or CR⁴ when U is NR²; and

V is NR⁵ when U is CR³;

X is CR⁶ or N;

Y is CR⁷ or N;

Z is CR⁸ or N;

R² and R³ are H, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkylis optionally substituted by R²⁰ and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹;

R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally substituted by R²⁰; and

R⁵ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyland C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰; or

R² can be taken together with R⁴, or R³ can be taken together with R⁵,to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring, optionally containing anadditional heteroatom selected from NR²⁴, O and S(O)_(m) as a ringmember, which ring is optionally substituted by R²¹;

R⁶ is H, F, Cl, CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ or CF₃;

R⁷ and R⁸ are independently H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₂alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally substituted by R²⁰;

R⁹ is H, OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, whereeach said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted byR²⁰;

Q is NR¹¹ or O; or

Q is CR¹²R¹³, where R¹² and R¹³ are taken together with the C atom towhich they are attached to form a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ringcontaining NR¹¹ or O as a ring member, which ring is optionally furthersubstituted by R¹⁰;

R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, SO₂R¹⁴, SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷,COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹;

R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl;

each R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ is independently H or CH₃;

R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl andC₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰;

each R²⁰ is independently OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN orNR²²R²³;

each R²¹ is independently F, OH, CN, NR²²R²³, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally further substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R²² and R²³ is independently H, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl;or

R²² and R²³ may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached to form an azetidinyl ring, which is optionally substitutedby F or OH;

R²⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, SO₂R²⁵, SO₂NR²⁶R²⁷, COR²⁸,COOR²⁸ or CONR²⁹R³⁰;

R²⁵ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl;

each R²⁶ and R²⁷ is independently H or CH₃;

R²⁸ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl andC₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂fluoroalkoxy, CN, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R²⁹ and R³⁰ is independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN, NH₂, NHCH₃ orN(CH₃)₂;

m is 0, 1 or 2;

n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;

p is 1, 2 or 3; and

q is 0, 1, 2 or 3;

wherein the sum of p and q is an integer from 1 to 4.

In frequent embodiments of Formula (IV) and Formula (V), R² is takentogether with R⁴, or R³ is taken together with R⁵, to form a 5-7membered heterocyclic ring, optionally containing an additionalheteroatom selected from NR²⁴, O and S(O)_(m) as a ring member, whichring is optionally substituted by R²¹.

In some embodiments, the compounds of Formulae (I) to (V) have theabsolute stereochemistry as shown in one of Formulae (I-A), (I-B), (I-C)or (I-D); (II-A), (II-B), (I-C) or (II-D); (III-A), (III-B), (III-C) or(III-D); (IV-A), (IV-B), (IV-C) or (IV-D); and (V-A), (V-B), (V-C) or(V-D):

wherein A in Formula (I-A) to (I-D) is N or CH; A in Formula (II-A) to(II-D) is replaced by N; A in Formula (III-A) to (III-D) is replaced byCH; A in Formula (IV-A) to (IV-D) is replaced by N; and A in Formula(V-A) to (V-D) is replaced by CH; or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltof one of the foregoing.

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (I) is also applicable to compounds of Formulae (I-A), (I-B),(I-C) or (I-D).

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (II) is also applicable to compounds of Formulae (II-A), (II-B),(I-C) or (II-D).

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (III) is also applicable to compounds of Formulae (III-A),(III-B), (III-C) or (III-D).

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (IV) is also applicable to compounds of Formulae (IV-A), (IV-B),(IV-C) or (IV-D).

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (V) is also applicable to compounds of Formulae (V-A), (V-B),(V-C) or (V-D).

In compounds of Formula (I), A is N or CH. In some embodiments, A is N.In other embodiments, A is CH.

In compounds of Formula (I), R¹ is H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl or C₁-C₂ alkoxy, where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R¹ isF or Cl. In some such embodiments, R¹ is F. In some such embodiments, R¹is Cl.

In compounds of Formula (I), U is NR² or CR³; V is N or CR⁴ when U isNR²; and V is NR⁵ when U is CR³. In some embodiments, U is NR² and V isN or CR⁴. In some such embodiments, U is NR² and V is CR⁴. In some suchembodiments, U is NR² and V is N. In some embodiments, U is CR³ and V isNR⁵.

In compounds of Formula (I), X is CR⁶ or N. In some embodiments, X isCR⁶. In some embodiments, X is N, In compounds of Formula (I), Y is CR⁷or N. In some embodiments, Y is CR⁷. In some embodiments, Y is N.

In compounds of Formula (I), Z is CR⁸ or N. In some embodiments, Z isCR⁸. In some embodiments, Z is N.

In frequent embodiments of Formula (I), X is CR⁶, Y is CR⁷ and Z is CR⁸.In other embodiments of Formula (I), at least one of X, Y and Z is N.

In some embodiments of Formula (I), R² and R³ are H, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where eachsaid C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl isoptionally substituted by R²¹.

In some such embodiments, R² and R³ are H, C₁-C₅ alkyl or C₁-C₅fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In other such embodiments, R² and R³ areC₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₃-C₈cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted byR²¹.

In some embodiments of Formula (I), R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl or C₁-C₅fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments of Formula (I), R³ isC₁-C₅ alky or C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰.

In some embodiments of Formula (I), R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, C(O)R^(a), C(O)NR^(b) ₂,C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl; where each said C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally substituted by R²⁰, each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹, R^(a) is C₁-C₂alkyl, and each R^(b) is independently H or C₁-C₂ alkyl.

In some such embodiments, R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰. In some such embodiments, R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some such embodiments, R²⁰ is OH. Inother such embodiments, R²⁰ is C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl, where each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹.

In other such embodiments, R⁴ is C(O)R^(a) or C(O)NR^(b) ₂, where R^(a)is C₁-C₂ alkyl, and each R^(b) is independently H or C₁-C₂ alkyl. Instill other such embodiments, R⁴ is C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl, where each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹.

In some embodiments of Formula (I), R⁵ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰.

In other embodiments of Formula (I), R² can be taken together with R⁴,or R³ can be taken together with R⁵, to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclicring, optionally containing an additional heteroatom selected from NR²⁴,O and S(O)_(m) as a ring member, which ring is optionally substituted byR²¹.

In some embodiments of Formula (I), R² is taken together with R⁴ to forma 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring, optionally containing an additionalheteroatom selected from NR²⁴, O and S(O)_(m) as a ring member, whichring is optionally substituted by R²¹. In some such embodiments, the 5-7membered heterocyclic ring contains O as an additional heteroatom. Insome such embodiments, the 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring contains NR²⁴as an additional heteroatom.

In some embodiments of Formula (I), R³ is taken together with R⁵ to forma 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring, optionally containing an additionalheteroatom selected from NR²⁴, O and S(O)_(m) as a ring member, whichring is optionally substituted by R²¹. In some such embodiments, the 5-7membered heterocyclic ring contains O as an additional heteroatom. Insome such embodiments, the 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring contains NR²⁴as an additional heteroatom.

In compounds of Formula (I), R⁶ is H, F, Cl, CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ or CF₃.In some embodiments, R⁶ is F or Cl. In some such embodiments, R⁶ is F.In some such embodiments, R⁶ is Cl. In some embodiments, R⁶ is H. Inother embodiments, R⁶ is CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ or CF₃.

In compounds of Formula (I), R⁷ and R⁸ are independently H, F, Cl, CN,C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy,where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy and C₁-C₂fluoroalkoxy is optionally substituted by R²⁰. In some such embodiments,R⁷ is H. In some such embodiments, R⁸ is H. In some such embodiments, R⁷and R⁸ are H.

In compounds of Formula (I), R⁹ is H, OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂. Inpreferred embodiments of Formula (I), R⁹ is OH.

In compounds of Formula (I), each R¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, n is0 and R¹⁰ is absent. In other embodiments, n is 1 or 2 and R¹⁰ isindependently F, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl. In someembodiments, n is 1 or 2 and R¹⁰ is independently F or CH₃.

In some embodiments of Formula (I), Q is NR¹¹ or O. In some embodiments,Q is O. In some embodiments, Q is O, p is 2 and q is 1. In some suchembodiments, n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent.

In other embodiments of Formula (I), Q is NR¹¹. In some embodiments, Qis NR¹¹, p is 2 and q is 1. In some such embodiments, R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴. Inother such embodiments, R¹¹ is COR¹⁷. In some such embodiments, n is 0and R¹⁰ is absent.

In some embodiments of Formula (I), Q is CR¹²R¹³, where R¹² and R¹³ aretaken together with the C atom to which they are attached to form a 4-6membered heterocyclic ring containing NR¹¹ or O as a ring member, whichring is optionally further substituted by R¹⁰. In some such embodiments,n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent.

In compounds of Formula (I), R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,SO₂R¹⁴, SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷, COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹, where each said C₁-C₄alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰, SO₂R¹⁴,SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷, COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹.

In some embodiments, R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴. In other embodiments, R¹¹ is COR¹⁷.In still other embodiments, R¹¹ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰, SO₂R¹⁴, SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷, COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹. Insome such embodiments, R¹¹ is C₁-C₄ alkyl substituted by SO₂R¹⁴ orCOR¹⁷. In some such embodiments, R¹¹ is C₁-C₄ alkyl substituted by R²⁰.

In compounds of Formula (I), R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl. Insome embodiments, R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl. In some such embodiments, R¹⁴ isC₁-C₂ alkyl. In some embodiments, R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl. In some suchembodiments, R¹⁴ is C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl. In particular embodiments, R¹⁴ isCH₃ or C₂H₅.

In compounds of Formula (I), each R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ is independently H or CH₃.

In compounds of Formula (I), R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₄alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰ and eachsaid C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionallysubstituted by R²¹. In some embodiments, R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R¹⁷ is C₃-C₈cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₃-C₈cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted byR²¹.

In compounds of Formula (I), each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H, C₁-C₄alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰.

In compounds of Formula (I), each R²⁰ is independently OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy,C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN, NR²²R²³, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl, where each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹.

In some embodiments, each R²⁰ is independently OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂fluoroalkoxy, CN or NR²²R²³. In some such embodiments, R²⁰ is OH. Insome such embodiments, R²⁰ is OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or NR²²R²³. In some suchembodiments, R²⁰ is OH, In some embodiments, R²⁰ is C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹.

In compounds of Formula (I), each R²¹ is independently F, OH, CN,NR²²R²³, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally further substituted by OH,NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂. In some embodiments, each R²¹ is independently F,OH or C₁-C₄ alkyl.

In some embodiments of Formula (I), each R²² and R²³ is independently H,C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₁-C₃ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₀ cycloalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₃ alkyl and C₁-C₃ fluoroalkyl isoptionally further substituted by OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxyand each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl isoptionally further substituted by F, OH, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl,C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy.

In some such embodiments, each R²² and R²³ is independently H, C₁-C₂alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl. In some such embodiments, each R²² and R²³is independently H, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl.

In some embodiments of Formula (I), R²² and R²³ may be taken togetherwith the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an azetidinylring, where said ring is optionally substituted by F, OH, C₁-C₂ alkyl,C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy. In some suchembodiments, R²² and R²³ may be taken together with the nitrogen atom towhich they are attached to form an azetidinyl ring, which is optionallysubstituted by F, OH or C₁-C₂ alkyl.

In compounds of Formula (I), R²⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,SO₂R²⁵, SO₂NR²⁶R²⁷, COR²⁸, COOR²⁸ or CONR²⁹R³⁰. In some embodiments, R²⁴is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl. In some embodiments, R²⁴ is H or C₁-C₂ alkyl.

In compounds of Formula (I), R²⁵ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl. Insome embodiments, R²⁵ is C₁-C₂ alkyl.

In compounds of Formula (I), each R²⁶ and R²⁷ is independently H or CH₃.

In compounds of Formula (I), R²⁸ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN, NH₂, NHCH₃ orN(CH₃)₂. In some embodiments, R²⁸ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substitutedby OH or C₁-C₂ alkoxy. In some embodiments, R²⁸ is C₁-C₂ alkyl.

In compounds of Formula (I), each R²⁹ and R³⁰ is independently H, C₁-C₄alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂fluoroalkoxy, CN, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂. In some embodiments, each R²⁹and R³⁰ is independently H or C₁-C₄ alkyl where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl isoptionally substituted by OH or C₁-C₂ alkoxy. In some embodiments, eachR²⁹ and R³⁰ is independently H or C₁-C₂ alkyl.

In compounds of Formula (I), m is 0, 1 or 2. In some embodiments, m is2.

In compounds of Formula (I), n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. In some embodiments,n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent. In some embodiments, n is 1 or 2.

In compounds of Formula (I), p is 1, 2 or 3; wherein the sum of p and qis an integer from 1 to 4. In some embodiments, p is 2. In otherembodiments, p is 1. In some embodiments, the sum of p and q is aninteger from 1 to 3.

In compounds of Formula (I), q is 0, 1, 2 or 3; wherein the sum of p andq is an integer from 1 to 4. In some embodiments, q is 1. In otherembodiments, q is 0. In some embodiments, the sum of p and q is aninteger from 1 to 3.

In some embodiments, p is 2 and q is 1. In other embodiments, p is 1 andq is 1. In other embodiments, p is 1 and q is 0. In further embodiments,the sum of p and q is an integer from 1 to 3.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(I), (I-A), (I-B), (I-C) or (I-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three or more,and more preferably four or more, of the following features: A is N; R¹is Cl; U is NR² and V is CR⁴; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² is i-C₃H₇; R⁴ isC₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰,where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ is CH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Yis CR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q is O; or Q is NR¹¹,where R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is2; and q is 1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(I), (I-A), (I-B), (I-C) or (I-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three or more,and more preferably four or more, of the following features: A is N; R¹is Cl; U is CR³ and V is NR⁵; R³ is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R³ is i-C₃H₇; R⁵ isC₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰,where R²⁰ is OH; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y is CR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ isH; R⁹ is OH; Q is O; or Q is NR¹¹, where R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a compound of Formula(I), (I-A), (I-B), (I-C) or (I-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, wherein: A is N; R¹ is C; U is NR²; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² isi-C₃H₇; V is CR⁴; R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰, whereR²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ is CH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y isCR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q is O; n is 0 and R¹⁰ isabsent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention provides a compound ofFormula (I), (I-A), (I-B), (I-C) or (I-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein: A is N; R¹ is C; U is NR²; R² is C₁-C₅alkyl; or R² is i-C₃H₇; V is CR⁴; R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionallysubstituted by R²⁰, where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ is CH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂;X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y is CR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q isNR¹¹, where R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent;p is 2; and q is 1.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a compound of Formula (I),(I-A), (I-B), (I-C) or (I-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, wherein: A is N; R¹ is C; U is NR²; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² isi-C₃H₇; V is CR⁴; R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰, whereR²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ is CH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y isCR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q is O; n is 0 and R¹⁰ isabsent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention provides a compound ofFormula (I), (I-A), (I-B), (I-C) or (I-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein: A is CH; R¹ is Cl; U is NR²; R² isC₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² is i-C₃H₇; V is CR⁴; R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionallysubstituted by R²⁰, where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ is CH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂;X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y is CR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q isNR¹¹, where R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent;p is 2; and q is 1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(I), (I-A), (I-B), (I-C) or (I-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three or more,and more preferably four or more, of the following features: A is CH; R¹is Cl; U is CR³ and V is NR⁵; R³ is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R³ is i-C₃H₇; R⁵ isC₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰,where R²⁰ is OH; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y is CR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ isH; R⁹ is OH; Q is O; or Q is NR¹¹, where R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (I) is also applicable to compounds of Formulae (II)-(XII) thatare not inconsistent with such aspect or embodiment.

In compounds of Formula (II), R¹ is H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R¹ is F or Cl. Insome embodiments, R¹ is F. In some embodiments, R¹ is Cl.

In compounds of Formula (II), X is CR⁶ or N. In some embodiments, X isCR⁶. In some embodiments, X is N,

In compounds of Formula (II), Y is CR⁷ or N. In some embodiments, Y isCR⁷. In some embodiments, Y is N.

In compounds of Formula (II), Z is CR⁸ or N. In some embodiments, Z isCR⁸. In some embodiments, Z is N.

In frequent embodiments of Formula (II), X is CR⁶, Y is CR⁷ and Z isCR⁸. In other embodiments of Formula (II), at least one of X, Y and Z isN.

In compounds of Formula (II), U is NR² or CR³; V is N or CR⁴ when U isNR²; and V is NR⁵ when U is CR³. In some embodiments, U is NR² and V isN or CR⁴. In some such embodiments, U is NR² and V is CR⁴. In some suchembodiments, U is NR² and V is N. In other embodiments, U is CR³ and Vis NR⁵.

In some embodiments of Formula (II), U is NR² and R² is H, C₁-C₅ alkyl,C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, whereeach said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted byR²⁰ and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl isoptionally substituted by R²¹.

In compounds of Formula (II), R² and R³ are H, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where eachsaid C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl isoptionally substituted by R²¹.

In some such embodiments, R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl or C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, whereeach said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted byR²⁰. In some such embodiments, R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl optionally substitutedby R²⁰. In some such embodiments, R²⁰ is OH. In particular embodiments,R² is CH₃, C₂H₅, n-C₃H₇, i-C₃H₇, n-C₄Hs, s-C₄Hs, i-C₄Hs, t-C₄Hs, CHF₂ orCH₂CHF₂ (i.e., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl,isobutyl, tert-butyl, difluoromethyl or difluoroethyl), each optionallysubstituted by R²⁰. In specific embodiments, R² is isopropyl ortert-butyl. In specific embodiments, R² is isopropyl (i-C₃H₇) In someembodiments, R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl or C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl optionallysubstituted by R²⁰ where R²⁰ is OH.

In other embodiments, R² is C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl, where each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹. In some such embodiments,R² is 3-6 membered heterocyclyl optionally substituted by R²¹. Inparticular embodiments, R² is oxetan-3-yl or azetidin-3-yl, eachoptionally substituted by R²¹. In specific embodiments, R² isoxetan-3-yl. In other embodiments, R² is C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, where saidC₃-C₈ cycloalkyl is optionally substituted by R²¹. In some suchembodiments, R²¹ is F, OH or C₁-C₄ alkyl.

In some embodiments of the foregoing where U is NR², V is N. In otherembodiments of the foregoing where U is NR², V is CR⁴.

In other embodiments of Formula (II), U is CR³ and R³ is H, C₁-C₅ alkyl,C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, whereeach said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted byR²⁰ and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl isoptionally substituted by R²¹.

In some such embodiments, R³ is C₁-C₅ alkyl or C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, whereeach said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted byR²⁰. In some such embodiments, R³ is C₁-C₅ alkyl optionally substitutedby R²⁰. In some such embodiments, R²⁰ is OH or NR²²R²³. In some suchembodiments, R²⁰ is OH. In some such embodiments, R³ is CH₃, C₂Hs,n-C₃H₇, i-C₃H₇, n-C₄H₉, s-C₄Hs, i-C₄Hs, t-C₄Hs, CHF₂ or CH₂CHF₂, eachoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In specific embodiments, R³ is i-C₃H₇ ort-C₄H (i.e., isopropyl or tert-butyl). In specific embodiments, R² isisopropyl.

In other embodiments, R³ is C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl, where each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹. In some such embodiments,R³ is 3-6 membered heterocyclyl optionally substituted by R²¹. Inparticular embodiments, R³ is oxetan-3-yl or azetidin3-yl optionallysubstituted by R²¹. In some such embodiments, R²¹ is F, OH or C₁-C₄alkyl. In specific embodiments, R³ is oxetan-3-yl. In other embodiments,R³ is C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, where said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²¹.

In some such embodiments, R²¹ is F, OH or C₁-C₄ alkyl.

In the foregoing embodiments where U is CR³, V is NR⁵.

In some embodiments of Formula (II), V is CR⁴ when U is NR².

In compounds of Formula (II), R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R⁴ is H. In other embodiments,R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl andC₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰. In some suchembodiments, R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰. In somesuch embodiments, R²⁰ is OH, OCH₃, NH₂, NHCH₃ or NH(CH₃)₂. In some suchembodiments, R²⁰ is OH or NH₂. In some such embodiments, R²⁰ is OH. Incertain embodiments, R⁴ is C₁-C₂ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰,where R²⁰ is OH or NH₂. In specific embodiments, R⁴ optionallysubstituted by R²⁰ (i.e., R⁴-R²⁰) is H, CH₃, C₂H₅, CH₂OH, CH(OH)CH₃,CH₂CH₂OH or CH₂NH₂ (i.e., methyl, ethyl, hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl,2-hydroxyethyl or aminomethyl). In some embodiments, R⁴ substituted byR²⁰ is CH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂. In other such embodiments, R⁴ is C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰. In other embodiments, R⁴ isC₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkoxy andC₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally substituted by R²⁰.

In some embodiments of Formula (II), V is NR⁵ when U is CR³.

In compounds of Formula (II), R⁵ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R⁵ is H. In other embodiments,R⁵ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl andC₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰. In some suchembodiments, R⁵ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰. In othersuch embodiments, R⁵ is C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰.In specific embodiments, R⁵ is C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl. Inspecific embodiments, R⁵ is CH₃, C₂H, CHF₂ or CH₂CHF₂ (i.e., methyl,ethyl, difluoromethyl or difluoroethyl).

In compounds of Formula (II), R⁶ is H, F, Cl, CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ orCF₃. In some embodiments, R⁶ is H. In other embodiments, R⁶ is F. Inother embodiments, R⁶ is C. In further embodiments, R⁶ is CN. In otherembodiments, R⁶ is CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ or CF₃.

In compounds of Formula (II), R⁷ and R⁸ are independently H, F, Cl, CN,C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy,where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy and C₁-C₂fluoroalkoxy is optionally substituted by R²⁰.

In some embodiments of Formula (II), R⁷ is H. In other embodiments, R⁷is F or C. In further embodiments, R⁷ is C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some such embodiments, R⁷ is CH₃,optionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R⁷ is CH₃.

In some embodiments of Formula (II), R⁸ is H. In other embodiments, R⁸is F or Cl. In further embodiments, R⁸ is C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some such embodiments, R⁸ is CH₃,optionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R⁸ is CH₃.

In some embodiments, R⁷ and R⁸ are H.

In compounds of Formula (II), R⁹ is H, OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂. Insome preferred embodiments, R⁹ is OH. In other embodiments, R⁹ is NH₂,NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂. In further embodiments, R⁹ is H.

In compounds of Formula (II), each R¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, n is0 and R¹⁰ is absent. In other embodiments, n is 1, 2, 3 or 4 and eachR¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where eachsaid C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰.In other embodiments, n is 1 or 2 and R¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl. In some embodiments, n is 1 or 2 and R¹⁰ isindependently F or CH₃.

In compounds of Formula (II), Q is NR¹¹ or O; or Q is CR¹²R¹³, where R¹²and R¹³ are taken together with the C atom to which they are attached toform a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring containing NR¹¹ or O as a ringmember, which ring is optionally further substituted by R¹⁰.

In some embodiments of Formula (II), Q is NR¹¹. In some embodiments, Qis NR¹¹, p is 2 and q is 1. In some such embodiments, R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴. Inother such embodiments, R¹¹ is COR¹⁷. In some such embodiments, n is 0and R¹⁰ is absent.

In compounds of Formula (II), R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,SO₂R¹⁴, S₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷, COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹. In some embodiments, R¹¹is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl. In some embodiments, R¹¹ is H.In other embodiments, R¹¹ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl. In someembodiments, R¹¹ is C₁-C₄ alkyl. In other embodiments, R¹¹ is C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl. In some embodiments, R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴, SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷,COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹. In some embodiments, R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴ or SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶.In some embodiments, R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴. In other embodiments, R¹¹ isSO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶. In some embodiments, R¹¹ is COR¹⁷, COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹. Insome embodiments, R¹¹ is COR¹⁷. In some embodiments, R¹¹ is COOR¹⁷. Inother embodiments, R¹¹ is CONR¹⁸R¹⁹.

In other embodiments of Formula (II), Q is O. In some embodiments, Q isO, p is 2 and q is 1. In some such embodiments, n is 0 and R¹⁰ isabsent.

In further embodiments of Formula (II), Q is CR¹²R¹³, where R¹² and R¹³are taken together with the C atom to which they are attached to form a4-6 membered heterocyclic ring containing NR¹¹ or O as a ring member,which ring is optionally further substituted by R¹⁰. In some suchembodiments, R¹² and R¹³ are taken together with the C atom to whichthey are attached to form a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring containingNR¹¹ as a ring member, which ring is optionally further substituted byR¹⁰. In other such embodiments, R¹² and R¹³ are taken together with theC atom to which they are attached to form a 4-6 membered heterocyclicring containing O as a ring member, which ring is optionally furthersubstituted by R¹⁰. In some such embodiments, R¹² and R¹³ are takentogether to form a 4-membered optionally substituted heterocyclic ring.In other such embodiments, R¹² and R¹³ are taken together to form a5-membered optionally substituted heterocyclic ring. In other suchembodiments, R¹² and R¹³ are taken together to form a 6-memberedoptionally substituted heterocyclic ring. In each case, said 4-6membered heterocyclic ring contains NR¹¹ or O as a ring member and isoptionally further substituted by R¹⁰, where each of R¹⁰ and R¹¹ is asfurther defined herein. In some such embodiments, n is 0 and R¹⁰ isabsent.

In the foregoing embodiments, each R¹⁰ is independently selected fromthe group as defined herein.

In compounds of Formula (II), R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl.In some embodiments, R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl. In some embodiments, R¹⁴ isC₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl. In specific embodiments, R¹⁴ is CH₃ or C₂H₅ (i.e.,methyl or ethyl).

In compounds of Formula (II), each R¹⁵ and R¹¹ is independently H orCH₃.

In compounds of Formula (II), R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl. In some embodiments, R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionallysubstituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyloptionally substituted by R²⁰. In specific embodiments, R¹⁷ is CH₃ orC₂H₅.

In compounds of Formula (II), each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H, C₁-C₄alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, eachR¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl. Insome embodiments, each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H or C₁-C₄ alkyloptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ isindependently H or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰. Inspecific embodiments, each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H, CH₃ or C₂H₅.

In compounds of Formula (II), each R²⁰ is independently OH, C₁-C₂alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN or NR²²R²³. In some embodiments, R²⁰ isOH. In some such embodiments, R²⁰ is OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or NR²²R²³. Inother embodiments, R²⁰ is C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy. In furtherembodiments, R²⁰ is CN. In still other embodiments, R²⁰ is NR²²R²³.

In compounds of Formula (II), each R²¹ is independently F, OH, CN,NR²²R²³, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally further substituted by OH,NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂. In some embodiments, R²¹ is F. In someembodiments, R²¹ is OH. In some embodiments, each R²¹ is independentlyF, OH or C₁-C₄ alkyl. In other embodiments, R²¹ is CN. In otherembodiments, R²¹ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy orC₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally further substituted byOH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂.

In compounds of Formula (II), each R²² and R²³ is independently H, C₁-C₂alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl; or R²² and R²³ may be taken together withthe nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an azetidinyl ring,which is optionally substituted by F or OH.

In some embodiments, each R²² and R²³ is independently H, C₁-C₂ alkyl orC₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl. In specific embodiments, each R²² and R²³ isindependently H or CH₃. In other embodiments, R²² and R²³ are takentogether with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form anazetidinyl ring, which is optionally substituted by F or OH.

In compounds of Formula (II), n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. In some embodiments,n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent. In other embodiments, n is 1, 2, 3 or 4 andR¹⁰ is as defined herein. In some embodiments, n is 1 or 2.

In compounds of Formula (II), p is 1, 2 or 3; and q is 0, 1, 2 or 3;wherein the sum of p and q is an integer from 1 to 4. In someembodiments, the sum of p and q is an integer from 1 to 3.

In some embodiments, p is 2 and q is 1. In other embodiments, p is 2 andq is 2. In some embodiments, p is 1 and q is 0. In other embodiments, pis 1 and q is 1. In still other embodiments, p is 1 and q is 2. Infurther embodiments, p is 1 and q is 3. In some embodiments, p is 2. Inother embodiments, p is 1. In some embodiments, q is 1. In otherembodiments, q is 0.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(II), (II-A), (I-B), (II-C) or (II-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three ormore, and more preferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ isC; U is NR² and V is CR⁴; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² is i-C₃H₇; R⁴ isC₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰,where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ is CH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Yis CR⁷; Z is CR⁸; R⁷ and R⁸ are H; R⁹ is OH; Q is O; or Q is NR¹¹, whereR¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; andq is 1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(II), (II-A), (I-B), (I-C) or (II-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three ormore, and more preferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ isC; U is CR³ and V is NR⁵; R³ is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R³ is i-C₃H₇; R⁵ isC₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;R²⁰ is OH; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y is CR⁷; Z is CR⁸; R⁷ and R⁸ are H; R⁹ isOH; Q is O; or Q is NR¹¹, where R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a compound of Formula(II), (II-A), (II-B), (I-C) or (II-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, wherein: R¹ is Cl; U is NR²; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² isi-C₃H₇; V is CR⁴; R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰, whereR²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ is CH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y isCR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q is O; n is 0 and R¹⁰ isabsent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention provides a compound ofFormula (II), (II-A), (I-B), (I-C) or (II-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹ is Cl; U is NR²; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl;or R² is i-C₃H₇; V is CR⁴; R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted byR²⁰, where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ is CH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; X is CR⁶; R⁶ isF; Y is CR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q is NR¹¹, where R¹¹is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and qis 1.

In compounds of Formula (III), R¹ is H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R¹ is F or Cl. Insome embodiments, R¹ is F. In some embodiments, R¹ is Cl.

In compounds of Formula (III), X is CR⁶ or N. In some embodiments, X isCR⁶. In some embodiments, X is N,

In compounds of Formula (III), Y is CR⁷ or N. In some embodiments, Y isCR⁷. In some embodiments, Y is N.

In compounds of Formula (III), Z is CR⁸ or N. In some embodiments, Z isCR⁸. In some embodiments, Z is N.

In frequent embodiments of Formula (III), X is CR⁶, Y is CR⁷ and Z isCR⁸. In other embodiments of Formula (III), at least one of X, Y and Zis N.

In compounds of Formula (III), U is NR² or CR³; V is N or CR⁴ when U isNR²; and V is NR⁵ when U is CR³. In some embodiments, U is NR² and V isN or CR⁴. In some such embodiments, U is NR² and V is CR⁴. In some suchembodiments, U is NR² and V is N. In other embodiments, U is CR³ and Vis NR⁵.

In some embodiments of Formula (III), U is NR² and R² is H, C₁-C₅ alkyl,C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, whereeach said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted byR²⁰ and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl isoptionally substituted by R²¹.

In compounds of Formula (III), R² and R³ are H, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where eachsaid C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl isoptionally substituted by R²¹.

In some such embodiments, R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl or C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, whereeach said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted byR²⁰. In some such embodiments, R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl optionally substitutedby R²⁰. In some such embodiments, R²⁰ is OH. In particular embodiments,R² is CH₃, C₂Hs, n-C₃H₇, i-C₃H₇, n-C₄H₉, s-C₄H₉, i-C₄H₉, t-C₄H₉, CHF₂ orCH₂CHF₂ (i.e., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl,isobutyl, tert-butyl, difluoromethyl or difluoroethyl), each optionallysubstituted by R²⁰. In specific embodiments, R² is isopropyl ortert-butyl. In specific embodiments, R² is isopropyl. In someembodiments, R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl or C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl optionallysubstituted by R²⁰ where R²⁰ is OH.

In other embodiments, R² is C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl, where each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹. In some such embodiments,R² is 3-6 membered heterocyclyl optionally substituted by R²¹. Inparticular embodiments, R² is oxetan-3-yl or azetidin-3-yl, eachoptionally substituted by R²¹. In specific embodiments, R² isoxetan-3-yl. In other embodiments, R² is C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, where saidC₃-C₈ cycloalkyl is optionally substituted by R²¹. In some suchembodiments, R²¹ is F, OH or C₁-C₄ alkyl.

In some such embodiments, R³ is C₁-C₅ alkyl or C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, whereeach said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted byR²⁰. In some such embodiments, R³ is C₁-C₅ alkyl optionally substitutedby R²⁰. In some such embodiments, R²⁰ is OH or NR²²R²³. In some suchembodiments, R²⁰ is OH. In some such embodiments, R³ is CH₃, C₂H₅,n-C₃H₇, i-C₃H₇, n-C₄H₉, s-C₄H₉, i-C₄H₉, t-C₄H₉, CHF₂ or CH₂CHF₂, eachoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In specific embodiments, R³ is i-C₃H₇ ort-C₄H₉ (i.e., isopropyl or tert-butyl). In specific embodiments, R² isisopropyl.

In other embodiments, R³ is C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl, where each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹. In some such embodiments,R³ is 3-6 membered heterocyclyl optionally substituted by R²¹. Inparticular embodiments, R³ is oxetan-3-yl or azetidin3-yl optionallysubstituted by R²¹. In some such embodiments, R²¹ is F, OH or C₁-C₄alkyl. In specific embodiments, R³ is oxetan-3-yl. In other embodiments,R³ is C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl, where said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²¹. In some such embodiments, R²¹ is F, OH or C₁-C₄alkyl.

In the foregoing embodiments where U is CR³, V is NR⁵.

In some embodiments of Formula (III), V is CR⁴ when U is NR².

In compounds of Formula (III), R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R⁴ is H. In other embodiments,R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl andC₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰. In some suchembodiments, R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰. In somesuch embodiments, R²⁰ is OH, OCH₃, NH₂, NHCH₃ or NH(CH₃)₂. In some suchembodiments, R²⁰ is OH or NH₂. In some such embodiments, R²⁰ is OH. Incertain embodiments, R⁴ is C₁-C₂ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰,where R²⁰ is OH or NH₂. In specific embodiments, R⁴-R²⁰ is H, CH₃, C₂H₅,CH₂OH, CH(OH)CH₃, CH₂CH₂OH or CH₂NH₂ (i.e., methyl, ethyl,hydroxymethyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl or aminomethyl). In someembodiments, R⁴ substituted by R²⁰ is CH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂. In othersuch embodiments, R⁴ is C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰.In other embodiments, R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, whereeach said C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally substitutedby R²⁰.

In some embodiments of Formula (III), V is NR⁵ when U is CR³.

In compounds of Formula (III), R⁵ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R⁵ is H. In otherembodiments, R⁵ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each saidC₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰. Insome such embodiments, R⁵ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰.In other such embodiments, R⁵ is C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl optionallysubstituted by R²⁰. In specific embodiments, R⁵ is C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl. In specific embodiments, R⁵ is CH₃, C₂H₅, CHF₂ or CH₂CHF₂(i.e., methyl, ethyl, difluoromethyl or difluoroethyl).

In compounds of Formula (III), R⁶ is H, F, Cl, CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ orCF₃. In some embodiments, R⁶ is H. In other embodiments, R⁶ is F. Inother embodiments, R⁶ is C. In further embodiments, R⁶ is CN. In otherembodiments, R⁶ is CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ or CF₃.

In compounds of Formula (III), R⁷ and R⁸ are independently H, F, Cl, CN,C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy,where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy and C₁-C₂fluoroalkoxy is optionally substituted by R²⁰.

In some embodiments of Formula (III), R⁷ is H. In other embodiments, R⁷is F or Cl. In further embodiments, R⁷ is C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some such embodiments, R⁷ is CH₃,optionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R⁷ is CH₃.

In some embodiments of Formula (III), R⁸ is H. In other embodiments, R⁸is F or Cl. In further embodiments, R⁸ is C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some such embodiments, R⁸ is CH₃,optionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R⁸ is CH₃.

In some embodiments, R⁷ and R⁸ are H.

In compounds of Formula (III), R⁹ is H, OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂. Insome preferred embodiments, R⁹ is OH. In other embodiments, R⁹ is NH₂,NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂. In further embodiments, R⁹ is H.

In compounds of Formula (III), each R¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, n is0 and R¹⁰ is absent. In other embodiments, n is 1, 2, 3 or 4 and eachR¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where eachsaid C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰.In other embodiments, n is 1 or 2 and R¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl. In some embodiments, n is 1 or 2 and R¹⁰ isindependently F or CH₃.

In compounds of Formula (III), Q is NR¹¹ or O; or Q is CR¹²R¹³, whereR¹² and R¹³ are taken together with the C atom to which they areattached to form a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring containing NR¹¹ or Oas a ring member, which ring is optionally further substituted by R¹⁰.

In some embodiments of Formula (III), Q is NR¹¹. In some embodiments, Qis NR¹¹, p is 2 and q is 1. In some such embodiments, R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴. Inother such embodiments, R¹¹ is COR¹⁷. In some such embodiments, n is 0and R¹⁰ is absent.

In compounds of Formula (III), R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,SO₂R¹⁴, SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷, COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹. In some embodiments, R¹¹is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl. In some embodiments, R¹¹ is H.In other embodiments, R¹¹ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl. In someembodiments, R¹¹ is C₁-C₄ alkyl. In other embodiments, R¹¹ is C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl. In some embodiments, R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴, SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷,COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹. In some embodiments, R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴ or SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶.In some embodiments, R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴. In other embodiments, R¹¹ isSO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶. In some embodiments, R¹¹ is COR¹⁷, COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹. Insome embodiments, R¹¹ is COR¹⁷. In some embodiments, R¹¹ is COOR¹⁷. Inother embodiments, R¹¹ is CONR¹⁸R¹⁹.

In other embodiments of Formula (III), Q is O. In some embodiments, Q isO, p is 2 and q is 1. In some such embodiments, n is 0 and R¹⁰ isabsent.

In further embodiments of Formula (III), Q is CR¹²R¹³, where R¹² and R¹³are taken together with the C atom to which they are attached to form a4-6 membered heterocyclic ring containing NR¹¹ or O as a ring member,which ring is optionally further substituted by R¹⁰. In some suchembodiments, n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent. In some such embodiments, R¹² andR¹³ are taken together with the C atom to which they are attached toform a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring containing NR¹¹ as a ring member,which ring is optionally further substituted by R¹⁰. In other suchembodiments, R¹² and R¹³ are taken together with the C atom to whichthey are attached to form a 4-6 membered heterocyclic ring containing Oas a ring member, which ring is optionally further substituted by R¹⁰.In some such embodiments, R¹² and R¹³ are taken together to form a4-membered optionally substituted heterocyclic ring. In other suchembodiments, R¹² and R¹³ are taken together to form a 5-memberedoptionally substituted heterocyclic ring. In other such embodiments, R¹²and R¹³ are taken together to form a 6-membered optionally substitutedheterocyclic ring. In each case, said 4-6 membered heterocyclic ringcontains NR¹¹ or O as a ring member and is optionally furthersubstituted by R¹⁰, where each of R¹⁰ and R¹¹ is as further definedherein. In some such embodiments, n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent.

In the foregoing embodiments, each R¹⁰ is independently selected fromthe group as defined herein.

In compounds of Formula (III), R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl.In some embodiments, R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl. In some embodiments, R¹⁴ isC₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl. In specific embodiments, R¹⁴ is CH₃ or C₂H₅ (i.e.,methyl or ethyl).

In compounds of Formula (III), each R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ is independently H orCH₃.

In compounds of Formula (III), R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl. In some embodiments, R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionallysubstituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyloptionally substituted by R²⁰. In specific embodiments, R¹⁷ is CH₃ orC₂H₅.

In compounds of Formula (III), each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H,C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, eachR¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl. Insome embodiments, each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H or C₁-C₄ alkyloptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ isindependently H or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰. Inspecific embodiments, each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H, CH₃ or C₂H₅.

In compounds of Formula (III), each R²⁰ is independently OH, C₁-C₂alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN or NR²²R²³. In some embodiments, R²⁰ isOH. In some such embodiments, R²⁰ is OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or NR²²R²³. Inother embodiments, R²⁰ is C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy. In furtherembodiments, R²⁰ is CN. In still other embodiments, R²⁰ is NR²²R²³.

In compounds of Formula (III), each R²¹ is independently F, OH, CN,NR²²R²³, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally further substituted by OH,NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂. In some embodiments, R²¹ is F. In someembodiments, R²¹ is OH. In some embodiments, each R²¹ is independentlyF, OH or C₁-C₄ alkyl. In other embodiments, R²¹ is CN. In otherembodiments, R²¹ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy orC₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally further substituted byOH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂.

In compounds of Formula (III), each R²² and R²³ is independently H,C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl; or R²² and R²³ may be taken togetherwith the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form an azetidinylring, which is optionally substituted by F or OH.

In some embodiments, each R²² and R²³ is independently H, C₁-C₂ alkyl orC₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl. In specific embodiments, each R²² and R²³ isindependently H or CH₃. In other embodiments, R²² and R²³ are takentogether with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to form anazetidinyl ring, which is optionally substituted by F or OH.

In compounds of Formula (III), n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. In someembodiments, n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent. In other embodiments, n is 1, 2,3 or 4 and R¹⁰ is as defined herein. In some embodiments, n is 1 or 2.

In compounds of Formula (III), p is 1, 2 or 3; and q is 0, 1, 2 or 3;wherein the sum of p and q is an integer from 1 to 4. In someembodiments, the sum of p and q is an integer from 1 to 3.

In some embodiments, p is 2 and q is 1. In other embodiments, p is 2 andq is 2. In some embodiments, p is 1 and q is 0. In other embodiments, pis 1 and q is 1. In still other embodiments, p is 1 and q is 2. Infurther embodiments, p is 1 and q is 3. In some embodiments, p is 2. Inother embodiments, p is 1. In some embodiments, q is 1. In otherembodiments, q is 0.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(III), (III-A), (III-B), (III-C) or (III-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferablythree or more, and more preferably four or more, of the followingfeatures: R¹ is Cl; U is NR² and V is CR⁴; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² isi-C₃H₇; R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰, where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ is CH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂;X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y is CR⁷; Z is CR⁸; R⁷ and R⁸ are H; R⁹ is OH; Q isO; or Q is NR¹¹, where R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(III), (III-A), (III-B), (III-C) or (III-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferablythree or more, and more preferably four or more, of the followingfeatures: R¹ is Cl; U is CR³ and V is NR⁵; R³ is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R³ isi-C₃H₇; R⁵ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰; R²⁰ is OH; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y is CR⁷; Z is CR⁸; R⁷and R⁸ are H; R⁹ is OH; Q is O; or Q is NR¹¹, where R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a compound of Formula(III), (III-A), (III-B), (III-C) or (III-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹ is C; U is NR²; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl;or R² is i-C₃H₇; V is CR⁴; R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted byR²⁰, where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ is CH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; X is CR⁶; R⁶ isF; Y is CR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q is O; n is 0 andR¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention provides a compound ofFormula (III), (III-A), (III-B), (III-C) or (III-D), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹ is Cl; U is NR²;R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² is i-C₃H₇; V is CR⁴; R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyloptionally substituted by R²⁰, where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ is CH(OH)CH₃ orC(OH)(CH₃)₂; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y is CR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹is OH; Q is NR¹¹, where R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 andR¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(II), (II-A), (I-B), (I-C) or (II-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, or a compound of Formula (III), (III-A), (III-B), (III-C)or (III-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having acombination of two or more, preferably three or more, and morepreferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ is F or Cl; U isNR² and V is CR⁴; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl; or R² is CH₃, i-C₃H₇, i-C₄H₉, s-C₄H₉, t-C₄H₉, CH₂F, CHF₂,CH₂CHF₂ or oxetan-3-yl; R⁴ is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkylis optionally substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂; or R⁴ is H, CH₃,C₂H₅, CH₂OH, CH(OH)CH₃, CH₂CH₂OH or CH₂NH₂; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is H or F; Y isCR⁷; Z is CR⁸; R⁷ and R⁸ are H; R⁹ is OH; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; Q isNR¹¹; R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; and R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; p is 2; and q is 1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(II), (II-A), (I-B), (I-C) or (II-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, or a compound of Formula (III), (III-A), (III-B), (III-C)or (III-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having acombination of two or more, preferably three or more, and morepreferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ is F or Cl; U isCR³ and V is NR⁵; R³ is C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl; or R³ is CH₃, i-C₃H₇, i-C₄H₉, s-C₄H₉, t-C₄H₉, CH₂F, CHF₂,CH₂CHF₂ or oxetan-3-yl; R⁵ is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl; or R⁵ is H or CH₃; X isCR⁶; R⁶ is H or F; Y is CR⁷; Z is CR⁸; R⁷ and R⁸ are H; R⁹ is OH; n is 0and R¹⁰ is absent; Q is NR¹¹; R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; and R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; pis 2; and q is 1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(II), (II-A), (I-B), (I-C) or (II-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, or a compound of Formula (III), (III-A), (III-B), (III-C)or (III-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having acombination of two or more, preferably three or more, and morepreferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ is F or Cl; U isNR² and V is N; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl; or R² is CH₃, i-C₃H₇, i-C₄H₉, s-C₄H₉, t-C₄H₉, CH₂F, CHF₂,CH₂CHF₂ or oxetan-3-yl; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is H or F; Y is CR⁷; Z is CR⁸; R⁷and R⁸ are H; R⁹ is OH; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; Q is NR¹¹; R¹¹ isSO₂R¹⁴; and R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; p is 2; and q is 1.

In compounds of Formula (IV), R¹ is H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R¹ is F or Cl. Insome embodiments, R¹ is F. In some embodiments, R¹ is Cl.

In compounds of Formula (IV), U is NR² or CR³; V is N or CR⁴ when U isNR²; and V is NR⁵ when U is CR³. In some embodiments, U is NR² and V isN or CR⁴. In some such embodiments, U is NR² and V is N. In some suchembodiments, U is NR² and V is CR⁴. In some embodiments, U is CR³ and Vis NR⁵.

In compounds of Formula (IV), X is CR⁶ or N. In some embodiments, X isCR⁶. In some embodiments, X is N,

In compounds of Formula (IV), Y is CR⁷ or N. In some embodiments, Y isCR⁷. In some embodiments, Y is N.

In compounds of Formula (IV), Z is CR⁸ or N. In some embodiments, Z isCR⁸. In some embodiments, Z is N.

In frequent embodiments of Formula (IV), X is CR⁶, Y is CR⁷ and Z isCR⁸. In other embodiments of Formula (IV), at least one of X, Y and Z isN.

In some embodiments of Formula (IV), R² and R³ are H, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where eachsaid C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl isoptionally substituted by R²¹.

In some such embodiments, R² and R³ are H, C₁-C₅ alkyl or C₁-C₅fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In other such embodiments, R² and R³ areC₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₃-C₈cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted byR²¹. In some embodiments, R² is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted byR²⁰ where R²⁰ is OH. In some embodiments, R³ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionallysubstituted by R²⁰ where R²⁰ is OH.

In some embodiments of Formula (IV), R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyloptionally substituted by R²⁰ where R²⁰ is OH.

In some embodiments of Formula (IV), R⁵ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R⁵ is C₁-C₄ alkyloptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some such embodiments, R²⁰ is OH.

In some embodiments of Formula (IV), R² can be taken together with R⁴,or R³ can be taken together with R⁵, to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclicring, optionally containing an additional heteroatom selected from NR²⁴,O and S(O)_(m) as a ring member, which ring is optionally substituted byR²¹. It will be understood that R² is taken together with R⁴, or R³ istaken together with R⁵ in combination with the atoms to which they areattached through a C₃-C₅ alkylene or C₃-C₅ heteroalkylene linker, whichlinker is optionally substituted as further defined herein.

In some embodiments of Formula (IV), R² is taken together with R⁴ toform a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring, optionally containing anadditional heteroatom selected from NR²⁴, O and S(O)_(m) as a ringmember, which ring is optionally substituted by R²¹. In some suchembodiments, the 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring contains O as anadditional heteroatom. In some such embodiments, the 5-7 memberedheterocyclic ring contains NR²⁴ as an additional heteroatom.

In some embodiments, R² is taken together with R⁴ to form a 5-memberedring containing no additional heteroatoms (i.e., pyrrolidine), which isoptionally substituted by R²¹. In other embodiments, R² is takentogether with R⁴ to form a 6-membered ring containing no additionalheteroatoms (i.e., piperidine), which is optionally substituted by R²¹.In other embodiments, R² is taken together with R⁴ to form a 6-memberedring containing NR²⁴ (i.e., piperazine), which is optionally substitutedby R²¹. In further embodiments, R² is taken together with R⁴ to form a6-membered ring containing O or S (i.e., morpholine or thiomorpholine),which is optionally substituted by R²¹. In further embodiments, R² istaken together with R⁴ to form a 7-membered ring which may contain noadditional heteroatoms (i.e., homopiperidine) or may contain NR²⁴ (i.e.,homopiperazine), in each case optionally substituted by R²¹.

In other embodiments of Formula (IV), R³ is taken together with R⁵ toform a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring, optionally containing anadditional heteroatom selected from NR²⁴, O and S(O)_(m) as a ringmember, which ring is optionally substituted by R²¹. In some suchembodiments, the 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring contains O as anadditional heteroatom. In some such embodiments, the 5-7 memberedheterocyclic ring contains NR²⁴ as an additional heteroatom.

In some embodiments, R³ is taken together with R⁵ to form a 5-memberedring containing no additional heteroatoms (i.e., pyrrolidine), which isoptionally substituted by R²¹. In other embodiments, R³ is takentogether with R⁵ to form a 6-membered ring containing no additionalheteroatoms (i.e., piperidine), which is optionally substituted by R²¹.In other embodiments, R³ is taken together with R⁵ to form a 6-memberedring containing NR²⁴ (i.e., piperazine), which is optionally substitutedby R²¹. In further embodiments, R³ is taken together with R⁵ to form a6-membered ring containing O or S(O)_(m) (i.e., morpholine orthiomorpholine), which is optionally substituted by R²¹. In furtherembodiments, R³ is taken together with R⁵ to form a 7-membered ringwhich may contain no additional heteroatoms (i.e., homopiperidine) ormay contain NR²⁴ (i.e., homopiperazine), in each case optionallysubstituted by R²¹.

In compounds of Formula (IV), R⁶ is H, F, Cl, CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ orCF₃. In some embodiments, R⁶ is F or Cl. In some such embodiments, R⁶ isF. In some such embodiments, R⁶ is Cl. In some embodiments, R⁶ is H. Inother embodiments, R⁶ is CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ or CF₃.

In compounds of Formula (IV), R⁷ and R⁸ are independently H, F, Cl, CN,C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy,where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy and C₁-C₂fluoroalkoxy is optionally substituted by R²⁰. In some such embodiments,R⁷ is H. In some such embodiments, R⁸ is H. In some such embodiments, R⁷and R⁸ are H.

In compounds of Formula (IV), R⁹ is H, OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂. Inpreferred embodiments of Formula (IV), R⁹ is OH.

In compounds of Formula (IV), each R¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, n is0 and R¹⁰ is absent. In other embodiments, n is 1 or 2 and R¹⁰ isindependently F, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl. In someembodiments, n is 1 or 2 and R¹⁰ is independently F or CH₃.

In some embodiments of Formula (IV), Q is NR¹¹ or O. In someembodiments, Q is O. In some embodiments, Q is O, p is 2 and q is 1. Insome such embodiments, n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent.

In other embodiments of Formula (IV), Q is NR¹¹. In some embodiments, Qis NR¹¹, p is 2 and q is 1. In some such embodiments, R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴. Inother such embodiments, R¹¹ is COR¹⁷. In some such embodiments, n is 0and R¹⁰ is absent.

In some embodiments of Formula (VI), Q is CR¹²R¹³, where R¹² and R¹³ aretaken together with the C atom to which they are attached to form a 4-6membered heterocyclic ring containing NR¹¹ or O as a ring member, whichring is optionally further substituted by R¹⁰. In some such embodiments,n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent.

In compounds of Formula (IV), R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,SO₂R¹⁴, SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷, COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹. In some embodiments, R¹¹is SO₂R¹⁴. In other embodiments, R¹¹ is COR¹⁷.

In compounds of Formula (IV), R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl.In some embodiments, R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl. In some such embodiments, R¹⁴is C₁-C₂ alkyl. In some embodiments, R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl. In somesuch embodiments, R¹⁴ is C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl. In particular embodiments,R¹⁴ is CH₃ or C₂H₅.

In compounds of Formula (IV), each R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ is independently H orCH₃.

In compounds of Formula (IV), R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, where eachsaid C₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰.

In compounds of Formula (IV), each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H, C₁-C₄alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰.

In compounds of Formula (IV), each R²⁰ is independently OH, C₁-C₂alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN, or NR²²R²³.

In compounds of Formula (IV), each R²¹ is independently F, OH, CN,NR²²R²³, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally further substituted by OH,NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂. In some embodiments, each R²¹ is independently F,OH or C₁-C₄ alkyl.

In some embodiments of Formula (IV), each R²² and R²³ is independentlyH, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl. In other embodiments of Formula (IV),R²² and R²³ may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached to form an azetidinyl ring, where said ring is optionallysubstituted by F or OH.

In compounds of Formula (IV), R²⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,SO₂R²⁵, SO₂NR²⁶R²⁷, COR²⁸, COOR²⁸ or CONR²⁹R³⁰. In some embodiments, R²⁴is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl. In some embodiments, R²⁴ is H or C₁-C₂ alkyl.

In compounds of Formula (IV), R²⁵ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl.In some embodiments, R²⁵ is C₁-C₂ alkyl.

In compounds of Formula (IV), each R²⁶ and R²⁷ is independently H orCH₃.

In compounds of Formula (IV), R²⁸ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN, NH₂, NHCH₃ orN(CH₃)₂. In some embodiments, R²⁸ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substitutedby OH or C₁-C₂ alkoxy. In some embodiments, R²⁸ is C₁-C₂ alkyl.

In compounds of Formula (IV), each R²⁹ and R³⁰ is independently H, C₁-C₄alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂fluoroalkoxy, CN, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂. In some embodiments, each R²⁹and R³⁰ is independently H or C₁-C₄ alkyl where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl isoptionally substituted by OH or C₁-C₂ alkoxy. In some embodiments, eachR²⁹ and R³⁰ is independently H or C₁-C₂ alkyl.

In compounds of Formula (IV), m is 0, 1 or 2. In some embodiments, m is2.

In compounds of Formula (IV), n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. In some embodiments,n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent. In some embodiments, n is 1 or 2.

In compounds of Formula (IV), p is 1, 2 or 3; wherein the sum of p and qis an integer from 1 to 4. In some embodiments, p is 2. In otherembodiments, p is 1. In some embodiments, the sum of p and q is aninteger from 1 to 3.

In compounds of Formula (IV), q is 0, 1, 2 or 3; wherein the sum of pand q is an integer from 1 to 4. In some embodiments, q is 1. In otherembodiments, q is 0. In some embodiments, the sum of p and q is aninteger from 1 to 3.

In some embodiments, p is 2 and q is 1. In other embodiments, p is 1 andq is 1. In other embodiments, p is 1 and q is 0. In further embodiments,the sum of p and q is an integer from 1 to 3.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(IV), (IV-A), (IV-B), (IV-C) or (IV-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three ormore, and more preferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ isCl; U is NR² and V is CR⁴; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² is i-C₃H₇; R⁴ isC₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰,where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ is CH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Yis CR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q is O; or Q is NR¹¹,where R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is2; and q is 1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(IV), (IV-A), (IV-B), (IV-C) or (IV-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three ormore, and more preferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ isCl; U is CR³ and V is NR⁵; R³ is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R³ is i-C₃H₇; R⁵ isC₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;R²⁰ is OH; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y is CR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹is OH; Q is O; or Q is NR¹¹, where R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; nis 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a compound of Formula(IV), (IV-A), (IV-B), (IV-C) or (IV-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, wherein: R¹ is C; U is NR²; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; V is CR⁴;R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰, where R²⁰ is OH; X isCR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y is CR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q is O; nis 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention provides a compound ofFormula (IV), (IV-A), (IV-B), (IV-C) or (IV-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹ is Cl; U is NR²; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl;V is CR⁴; R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰, where R²⁰ isOH; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y is CR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Qis NR¹¹, where R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ isabsent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(IV), (IV-A), (IV-B), (IV-C) or (IV-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, wherein: R¹ is Cl; U is NR²; V is CR⁴; R² is takentogether with R⁴ to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring, optionallycontaining an additional heteroatom selected from NR²⁴, O and S(O)_(m)as a ring member, which ring is optionally substituted by R²¹; each R²¹is independently F, OH or C₁-C₄ alkyl; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y is CR⁷; R⁷is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q is O; or Q is NR¹¹, where R¹¹ isSO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(IV), (IV-A), (IV-B), (IV-C) or (IV-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three ormore, and more preferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ isCl; U is CR³; V is NR⁵; R³ is taken together with R⁵ to form a 5-7membered heterocyclic ring, optionally containing an additionalheteroatom selected from NR²⁴, O and S(O)_(m) as a ring member, whichring is optionally substituted by R²¹; each R²¹ is independently F, OHor C₁-C₄ alkyl; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y is CR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H;R⁹ is OH; Q is O; or Q is NR¹¹, where R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl;n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In compounds of Formula (V), R¹ is H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R¹ is F or Cl. Insome embodiments, R¹ is F. In some embodiments, R¹ is Cl.

In compounds of Formula (V), U is NR² or CR³; V is N or CR⁴ when U isNR²; and V is NR⁵ when U is CR³. In some embodiments, U is NR² and V isN or CR⁴. In some such embodiments, U is NR² and V is N. In some suchembodiments, U is NR² and V is CR⁴. In some embodiments, U is CR³ and Vis NR⁵.

In compounds of Formula (V), X is CR⁶ or N. In some embodiments, X isCR⁶. In some embodiments, X is N,

In compounds of Formula (V), Y is CR⁷ or N. In some embodiments, Y isCR⁷. In some embodiments, Y is N.

In compounds of Formula (V), Z is CR⁸ or N. In some embodiments, Z isCR⁸. In some embodiments, Z is N.

In frequent embodiments of Formula (V), X is CR⁶, Y is CR⁷ and Z is CR⁸.In other embodiments of Formula (V), at least one of X, Y and Z is N.

In some embodiments of Formula (V), R² and R³ are H, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where eachsaid C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl isoptionally substituted by R²¹.

In some such embodiments, R² and R³ are H, C₁-C₅ alkyl or C₁-C₅fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In other such embodiments, R² and R³ areC₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₃-C₈cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted byR²¹. In some embodiments, R² is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted byR²⁰ where R²⁰ is OH. In some embodiments, R³ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionallysubstituted by R²⁰ where R²⁰ is OH.

In some embodiments of Formula (V), R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyloptionally substituted by R²⁰ where R²⁰ is OH.

In some embodiments of Formula (V), R⁵ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R⁵ is C₁-C₄ alkyloptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some such embodiments, R²⁰ is OH.

In some embodiments of Formula (V), R² can be taken together with R⁴, orR³ can be taken together with R⁵, to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclicring, optionally containing an additional heteroatom selected from NR²⁴,O and S(O)_(m) as a ring member, which ring is optionally substituted byR²¹. It will be understood that R² is taken together with R⁴, or R³ istaken together with R⁵ in combination with the atoms to which they areattached through a C₃-C₅ alkylene or C₃-C₅ heteroalkylene linker, whichlinker is optionally substituted as further defined herein.

In some embodiments of Formula (V), R² is taken together with R⁴ to forma 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring, optionally containing an additionalheteroatom selected from NR²⁴, O and S(O)_(m) as a ring member, whichring is optionally substituted by R²¹. In some such embodiments, the 5-7membered heterocyclic ring contains O as an additional heteroatom. Insome such embodiments, the 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring contains NR²⁴as an additional heteroatom.

In some embodiments, R² is taken together with R⁴ to form a 5-memberedring containing no additional heteroatoms (i.e., pyrrolidine), which isoptionally substituted by R²¹. In other embodiments, R² is takentogether with R⁴ to form a 6-membered ring containing no additionalheteroatoms (i.e., piperidine), which is optionally substituted by R²¹.In other embodiments, R² is taken together with R⁴ to form a 6-memberedring containing NR²⁴ (i.e., piperazine), which is optionally substitutedby R²¹. In further embodiments, R² is taken together with R⁴ to form a6-membered ring containing O or S (i.e., morpholine or thiomorpholine),which is optionally substituted by R²¹. In further embodiments, R² istaken together with R⁴ to form a 7-membered ring which may contain noadditional heteroatoms (i.e., homopiperidine) or may contain NR²⁴ (i.e.,homopiperazine), in each case optionally substituted by R²¹.

In other embodiments of Formula (V), R³ is taken together with R⁵ toform a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring, optionally containing anadditional heteroatom selected from NR²⁴, O and S(O)_(m) as a ringmember, which ring is optionally substituted by R²¹. In some suchembodiments, the 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring contains O as anadditional heteroatom. In some such embodiments, the 5-7 memberedheterocyclic ring contains NR²⁴ as an additional heteroatom.

In some embodiments, R³ is taken together with R⁵ to form a 5-memberedring containing no additional heteroatoms (i.e., pyrrolidine), which isoptionally substituted by R²¹. In other embodiments, R³ is takentogether with R⁵ to form a 6-membered ring containing no additionalheteroatoms (i.e., piperidine), which is optionally substituted by R²¹.In other embodiments, R³ is taken together with R⁵ to form a 6-memberedring containing NR²⁴ (i.e., piperazine), which is optionally substitutedby R²¹. In further embodiments, R³ is taken together with R⁵ to form a6-membered ring containing O or S(O)_(m) (i.e., morpholine orthiomorpholine), which is optionally substituted by R²¹. In furtherembodiments, R³ is taken together with R⁵ to form a 7-membered ringwhich may contain no additional heteroatoms (i.e., homopiperidine) ormay contain NR²⁴ (i.e., homopiperazine), in each case optionallysubstituted by R²¹.

In compounds of Formula (V), R⁶ is H, F, Cl, CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ or CF₃.In some embodiments, R⁶ is F or Cl. In some such embodiments, R⁶ is F.In some such embodiments, R⁶ is Cl. In some embodiments, R⁶ is H. Inother embodiments, R⁶ is CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ or CF₃.

In compounds of Formula (V), R⁷ and R⁸ are independently H, F, Cl, CN,C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy,where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy and C₁-C₂fluoroalkoxy is optionally substituted by R²⁰. In some such embodiments,R⁷ is H. In some such embodiments, R⁸ is H. In some such embodiments, R⁷and R⁸ are H.

In compounds of Formula (V), R⁹ is H, OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂. Inpreferred embodiments of Formula (V), R⁹ is OH.

In compounds of Formula (V), each R¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, n is0 and R¹⁰ is absent. In other embodiments, n is 1 or 2 and R¹⁰ isindependently F, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl. In someembodiments, n is 1 or 2 and R¹⁰ is independently F or CH₃.

In some embodiments of Formula (V), Q is NR¹¹ or O. In some embodiments,Q is O. In some embodiments, Q is O, p is 2 and q is 1. In some suchembodiments, n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent.

In other embodiments of Formula (V), Q is NR¹¹. In some embodiments, Qis NR¹¹, p is 2 and q is 1. In some such embodiments, R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴. Inother such embodiments, R¹¹ is COR¹⁷. In some such embodiments, n is 0and R¹⁰ is absent.

In some embodiments of Formula (V), Q is CR¹²R¹³, where R¹² and R¹³ aretaken together with the C atom to which they are attached to form a 4-6membered heterocyclic ring containing NR¹¹ or O as a ring member, whichring is optionally further substituted by R¹⁰. In some such embodiments,n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent.

In compounds of Formula (V), R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,SO₂R¹⁴, SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷, COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹. In some embodiments, R¹¹is SO₂R¹⁴. In other embodiments, R¹¹ is COR¹⁷.

In compounds of Formula (V), R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl. Insome embodiments, R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl. In some such embodiments, R¹⁴ isC₁-C₂ alkyl. In some embodiments, R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl. In some suchembodiments, R¹⁴ is C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl. In particular embodiments, R¹⁴ isCH₃ or C₂H₅.

In compounds of Formula (V), each R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ is independently H or CH₃.

In compounds of Formula (V), R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰. In some embodiments, R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, where eachsaid C₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰.

In compounds of Formula (V), each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H, C₁-C₄alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰.

In compounds of Formula (V), each R²⁰ is independently OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy,C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN, or NR²²R²³.

In compounds of Formula (V), each R²¹ is independently F, OH, CN,NR²²R²³, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally further substituted by OH,NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂. In some embodiments, each R²¹ is independently F,OH or C₁-C₄ alkyl.

In some embodiments of Formula (V), each R²² and R²³ is independently H,C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl. In other embodiments of Formula (V), R²²and R²³ may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which they areattached to form an azetidinyl ring, where said ring is optionallysubstituted by F or OH.

In compounds of Formula (V), R²⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,SO₂R²⁵, SO₂NR²⁶R²⁷, COR²⁸, COOR²⁸ or CONR²⁹R³⁰. In some embodiments, R²⁴is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl. In some embodiments, R²⁴ is H or C₁-C₂ alkyl.

In compounds of Formula (V), R²⁵ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl. Insome embodiments, R²⁵ is C₁-C₂ alkyl.

In compounds of Formula (V), each R²⁶ and R²⁷ is independently H or CH₃.

In compounds of Formula (V), R²⁸ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN, NH₂, NHCH₃ orN(CH₃)₂. In some embodiments, R²⁸ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substitutedby OH or C₁-C₂ alkoxy. In some embodiments, R²⁸ is C₁-C₂ alkyl.

In compounds of Formula (V), each R²⁹ and R³⁰ is independently H, C₁-C₄alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂fluoroalkoxy, CN, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂. In some embodiments, each R²⁹and R³⁰ is independently H or C₁-C₄ alkyl where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl isoptionally substituted by OH or C₁-C₂ alkoxy. In some embodiments, eachR²⁹ and R³⁰ is independently H or C₁-C₂ alkyl.

In compounds of Formula (V), m is 0, 1 or 2. In some embodiments, m is2.

In compounds of Formula (V), n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. In some embodiments,n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent. In some embodiments, n is 1 or 2.

In compounds of Formula (V), p is 1, 2 or 3; wherein the sum of p and qis an integer from 1 to 4. In some embodiments, p is 2. In otherembodiments, p is 1. In some embodiments, the sum of p and q is aninteger from 1 to 3.

In compounds of Formula (V), q is 0, 1, 2 or 3; wherein the sum of p andq is an integer from 1 to 4. In some embodiments, q is 1. In otherembodiments, q is 0. In some embodiments, the sum of p and q is aninteger from 1 to 3.

In some embodiments, p is 2 and q is 1. In other embodiments, p is 1 andq is 1. In other embodiments, p is 1 and q is 0. In further embodiments,the sum of p and q is an integer from 1 to 3.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(V), (V-A), (V-B), (V-C) or (V-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three or more,and more preferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ is Cl; Uis NR² and V is CR⁴; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² is i-C₃H₇; R⁴ is C₁-C₄alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰, whereR²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ is CH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y isCR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q is O; or Q is NR¹¹, whereR¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; andq is 1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(V), (V-A), (V-B), (V-C) or (V-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three or more,and more preferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ is Cl; Uis CR³ and V is NR⁵; R³ is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R³ is i-C₃H₇; R⁵ is C₁-C₄alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰; R²⁰ isOH; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y is CR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Qis O; or Q is NR¹¹, where R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 andR¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a compound of Formula(V), (V-A), (V-B), (V-C) or (V-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, wherein: R¹ is C; U is NR²; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; V is CR⁴; R⁴ isC₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰, where R²⁰ is OH; X is CR⁶; R⁶is F; Y is CR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q is O; n is 0 andR¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention provides a compound ofFormula (V), (V-A), (V-B), (V-C) or (V-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹ is Cl; U is NR²; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl;V is CR⁴; R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰, where R²⁰ isOH; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y is CR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Qis NR¹¹, where R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ isabsent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(V), (V-A), (V-B), (V-C) or (V-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, wherein: R¹ is C; U is NR²; V is CR⁴; R² is taken together withR⁴ to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring, optionally containing anadditional heteroatom selected from NR²⁴, O and S(O)_(m) as a ringmember, which ring is optionally substituted by R²¹; each R²¹ isindependently F, OH or C₁-C₄ alkyl; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y is CR⁷; R⁷ isH; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q is O; or Q is NR¹¹, where R¹¹ isSO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(V), (V-A), (V-B), (V-C) or (V-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three or more,and more preferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ is Cl; Uis CR³; V is NR⁵; R³ is taken together with R⁵ to form a 5-7 memberedheterocyclic ring, optionally containing an additional heteroatomselected from NR²⁴, O and S(O)_(m) as a ring member, which ring isoptionally substituted by R²¹; each R²¹ is independently F, OH or C₁-C₄alkyl; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is F; Y is CR⁷; R⁷ is H; Z is CR⁸; R⁸ is H; R⁹ isOH; Q is O; or Q is NR¹¹, where R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(IV), (IV-A), (IV-B), (IV-C) or (IV-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, or a compound of Formula (V), (V-A), (V-B), (V-C) or(V-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having acombination of two or more, preferably three or more, and morepreferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ is F or Cl; U isNR² and V is CR⁴; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl; or R² is CH₃, i-C₃H₇, i-C₄H₉, s-C₄H₉, t-C₄H₉, CH₂F, CHF₂,CH₂CHF₂ or oxetan-3-yl; R⁴ is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkylis optionally substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂; or R⁴ is H, CH₃,C₂H₅, CH₂OH, CH(OH)CH₃, CH₂CH₂OH or CH₂NH₂; or R² is taken together withR⁴ to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring, optionally containing anadditional heteroatom selected from NR²⁴, O and S(O)_(m) as a ringmember, which ring is optionally substituted by R²¹; or R⁴ is CH(OH)CH₃or C(OH)(CH)₂; X is CR⁶; R⁶ is H or F; Y is CR⁷; Z is CR⁸; R⁷ and R⁸ areH; R⁹ is OH; Q is NR¹¹; R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 andR¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(IV), (IV-A), (IV-B), (IV-C) or (IV-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, or a compound of Formula (V), (V-A), (V-B), (V-C) or(V-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, having acombination of two or more, preferably three or more, and morepreferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ is F or Cl; U isCR³ and V is NR⁵; R³ is C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl; or R³ is CH₃, i-C₃H₇, i-C₄H₉, s-C₄H₉, t-C₄H₉, CH₂F, CHF₂,CH₂CHF₂ or oxetan-3-yl; R⁵ is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl; or R⁵ is H or CH₃; or R³is taken together with R⁵ to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring,optionally containing an additional heteroatom selected from NR²⁴, O andS(O)_(m) as a ring member, which ring is optionally substituted by R²¹;X is CR⁶; R⁶ is H or F; Y is CR⁷; Z is CR⁸; R⁷ and R⁸ are H; R⁹ is OH; nis 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; Q is NR¹¹; R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; and R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄alkyl; p is 2; and q is 1.

In compounds of Formula (II) and (IV), R¹ is H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkylor C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkylis optionally substituted by R²⁰.

In some embodiments of Formula (II) and (IV), R¹ is H. In otherembodiments, R¹ is F or Cl. In other embodiments, R¹ is C. In furtherembodiments, R¹ is C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where each saidC₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰. Insome such embodiments, R¹ is CH₃, optionally substituted by R²⁰. Inparticular embodiments, R¹ is CH₃.

In compounds of Formula (II) and (IV), the ring system comprising U, V,X, Y and Z is a fused biaryl ring system.

In compounds of Formula (II) and (IV), U is NR² or CR³. In someembodiments, U is NR². In other embodiments, U is CR³.

In compounds of Formula (II) and (IV), V is N or CR⁴ when U is NR²; andV is NR⁵ when U is CR³. In some such embodiments, V is CR⁴. In othersuch embodiments, V is N. In further such embodiments, V is NR⁵.

In compounds of Formula (II) and (IV), X is CR⁶ or N. In someembodiments, X is CR⁶. In other embodiments, X is N.

In compounds of Formula (II) and (IV), Y is CR⁷ or N. In someembodiments, Y is CR⁷. In other embodiments, Y is N.

In compounds of Formula (II) and (IV), Z is CR⁸ or N. In someembodiments, Z is CR⁸. In other embodiments, Z is N.

In some embodiments of Formula (II) and (IV), X is CR⁶, Y is CR and Z isCR⁸. In some such embodiments, U is NR² and V is CR⁴. In other suchembodiments, U is NR² and V is N. In still other such embodiments, U isCR³ and V is NR⁵.

In some embodiments of Formula (II) and (IV), X is N, Y is CR⁷, and Z isCR⁸.

In some embodiments of Formula (II) and (IV), X is CR⁶, Y is N, and Z isCR⁸.

In some embodiments of Formula (II) and (IV), X is CR⁶, Y is CR⁷, and Zis N.

In some embodiments of Formula (II) and (IV), X is N, Y is N, and Z isCR⁸.

In some embodiments of Formula (II) and (IV), X is CR⁶, Y is N, and Z isN.

In some embodiments of Formula (II) and (IV), X is N, Y is CR⁷, and Z isN.

In other embodiments of Formula (II) and (IV), at least one of X, Y andZ is N. In some such embodiments, U is NR² and V is CR⁴. In other suchembodiments, U is NR² and V is N. In still other such embodiments, U isCR³ and V is NR⁵.

In further embodiments of Formula (II) and (IV), two of X, Y and Z areN. In some such embodiments, U is NR² and V is CR⁴. In other suchembodiments, U is NR² and V is N. In still other such embodiments, U isCR³ and V is NR⁵.

In compounds of Formula (III) and (V), R¹ is H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkylor C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkylis optionally substituted by R²⁰.

In some embodiments of Formula (III) and (V), R¹ is H. In otherembodiments, R¹ is F or Cl. In other embodiments, R¹ is C. In furtherembodiments, R¹ is C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where each saidC₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰. Insome such embodiments, R¹ is CH₃, optionally substituted by R²⁰. Inparticular embodiments, R¹ is CH₃.

In compounds of Formula (III) and (V), the ring system comprising U, V,X, Y and Z is a fused biaryl ring system.

In compounds of Formula (III) and (V), U is NR² or CR³. In someembodiments, U is NR². In other embodiments, U is CR³.

In compounds of Formula (III) and (V), V is N or CR⁴ when U is NR²; andV is NR⁵ when U is CR³. In some such embodiments, V is CR⁴. In othersuch embodiments, V is N. In further such embodiments, V is NR⁵.

In compounds of Formula (III) and (V), X is CR⁶ or N. In someembodiments, X is CR⁶. In other embodiments, X is N.

In compounds of Formula (III) and (V), Y is CR⁷ or N. In someembodiments, Y is CR⁷. In other embodiments, Y is N.

In compounds of Formula (III) and (V), Z is CR⁸ or N. In someembodiments, Z is CR⁸. In other embodiments, Z is N.

In some embodiments of Formula (III) and (V), X is CR⁶, Y is CR⁷ and Zis CR⁸. In some such embodiments, U is NR² and V is CR⁴. In other suchembodiments, U is NR² and V is N. In still other such embodiments, U isCR³ and V is NR⁵.

In some embodiments of Formula (III) and (V), X is N, Y is CR⁷, and Z isCR⁸.

In some embodiments of Formula (III) and (V), X is CR⁶, Y is N, and Z isCR⁸.

In some embodiments of Formula (III) and (V), X is CR⁶, Y is CR⁷, and Zis N.

In some embodiments of Formula (III) and (V), X is N, Y is N, and Z isCR⁸.

In some embodiments of Formula (III) and (V), X is CR⁶, Y is N, and Z isN.

In some embodiments of Formula (III) and (V), X is N, Y is CR⁷, and Z isN.

In other embodiments of Formula (III) and (V), at least one of X, Y andZ is N. In some such embodiments, U is NR² and V is CR⁴. In other suchembodiments, U is NR² and V is N. In still other such embodiments, U isCR³ and V is NR⁵.

In further embodiments of Formula (III) and (V), two of X, Y and Z areN. In some such embodiments, U is NR² and V is CR⁴. In other suchembodiments, U is NR² and V is N. In still other such embodiments, U isCR³ and V is NR⁵.

In particular embodiments of each of Formulae (I), (II), (III), (IV) and(V), the fused biaryl ring system comprising U, V, X, Y and Z isselected from the group consisting of:

where the * represents the point of attachment to the pyrimidine ring orpyridine ring, and R², R³, R⁴, R⁵, R⁶, R⁷ and R⁸ are as further definedherein.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formula (VI):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R¹, R², R⁴, R⁶ to R²³, Q, n, p and q are as defined for Formula (II); or

R¹, R², R⁴, R⁶ to R³⁰, Q, m, n, p and q are as defined for Formula (IV).

In particular embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(VI), (VI-A), (VI-B), (VI-C) or (VI-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, wherein:

R¹, R², R⁴, R⁶ to R²³ and n are as defined for Formula (II).

In other embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula (VI),(VI-A), (VI-B), (VI-C) or (VI-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, wherein:

R¹, R², R⁴, R⁶ to R³⁰, m and n are as defined for Formula (IV).

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (VI) has the absolutestereochemistry as shown in one of Formulae (VI-A), (VI-B), (VI-C) or(VI-D):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (II) is also applicable to compounds of Formula (VI) that arenot inconsistent with such aspect or embodiment.

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (IV) is also applicable to compounds of Formula (VI) that arenot inconsistent with such aspect or embodiment.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(VI), (VI-A), (VI-B), (VI-C) or (VI-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three ormore, and more preferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ isCl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² is i-C₃H₇; R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, where saidC₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰, where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ isCH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; R⁶ is F; R⁷ is H; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q is O;or Q is NR¹¹, where R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ isabsent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(VI), (VI-A), (VI-B), (VI-C) or (VI-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three ormore, and more preferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ isCl; R³ is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R³ is i-C₃H₇; R⁵ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, where saidC₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰; R²⁰ is OH; R⁶ is F; R⁷ isH; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q is O; or Q is NR¹¹, where R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ isC₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a compound of Formula(VI), (VI-A), (VI-B), (VI-C) or (VI-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, wherein: R¹ is Cl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyloptionally substituted by R²⁰, where R²⁰ is OH; R⁶ is F; R⁷ is H; R⁸ isH; R⁹ is OH; Q is O; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention provides a compound ofFormula (VI), (VI-A), (VI-B), (VI-C) or (VI-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹ is Cl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; R⁴ isC₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰, where R²⁰ is OH; R⁶ is F; R⁷is H; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q is NR¹¹, where R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(VI), (VI-A), (VI-B), (VI-C) or (VI-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three ormore, and more preferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ isF or Cl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl; or R² is CH₃, i-C₃H₇, i-C₄H₉, s-C₄H₉, t-C₄H₉, CH₂F, CHF₂,CH₂CHF₂ or oxetan-3-yl; R⁴ is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkylis optionally substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂; or R⁴ is H, CH₃,C₂H₅, CH₂OH, CH(OH)CH₃, CH₂CH₂OH or CH₂NH₂; R⁶ is H or F; R and R⁸ areH; R⁹ is OH; Q is NR¹¹; R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 andR¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(VI), (VI-A), (VI-B), (VI-C) or (VI-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three ormore, and more preferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ isF or Cl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl; or R² is CH₃, i-C₃H₇, i-C₄H₉, s-C₄H₉, t-C₄H₉, CH₂F, CHF₂,CH₂CHF₂ or oxetan-3-yl; R⁴ is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkylis optionally substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂; or R⁴ is H, CH₃,C₂H₅, CH₂OH, CH(OH)CH₃, CH₂CH₂OH or C H₂NH₂; or R² is taken togetherwith R⁴ to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring, optionally containingan additional heteroatom selected from NR²⁴, O and S(O)_(m) as a ringmember, which ring is optionally substituted by R²¹; R⁶ is H or F; R⁷and R⁸ are H; R⁹ is OH; Q is NR¹¹; R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; nis 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formula (VII):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R¹, R³, R⁵ to R²³, Q, n, p and q are as defined for Formula (II); or

R¹, R³, R⁵ to R³⁰, Q, m, n, p and q are as defined for Formula (IV).

In particular embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(VII), (VII-A), (VII-B), (VII-C) or (VII-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R¹, R², R⁴, R⁶ to R²³ and n are as defined for Formula (II).

In other embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(VII), (VII-A), (VII-B), (VII-C) or (VII-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R¹, R², R⁴, R⁶ to R³⁰, m and n are as defined for Formula (IV).

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (VII) has the absolutestereochemistry as shown in one of Formulae (VII-A), (VII-B), (VII-C) or(VII-D):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (II) is also applicable to compounds of Formula (VII) that arenot inconsistent with such aspect or embodiment.

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (IV) is also applicable to compounds of Formula (VII), that arenot inconsistent with such aspect or embodiment.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(VII), (VII-A), (VII-B), (VII-C) or (VII-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferablythree or more, and more preferably four or more, of the followingfeatures: R¹ is Cl; R³ is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R³ is i-C₃H₇; R⁷ is C₁-C₄alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰; R²⁰ isOH; R⁶ is F; R⁷ is H; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q is O; or Q is NR¹¹, where R¹¹is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and qis 1.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a compound of Formula(VII), (VII-A), (VII-B), (VII-C) or (VII-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹ is Cl; R³ is C₁-C₅ alkyl; R⁵ isC₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰, where R²⁰ is OH; R⁶ is F; R⁷is H; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q is O; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and qis 1.

In another preferred embodiment, the invention provides a compound ofFormula (VII), (VII-A), (VII-B), (VII-C) or (VII-D), or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹ is C;

R³ is C₁-C₅ alkyl; R⁵ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰,where R²⁰ is OH; R⁶ is F; R⁷ is H; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; Q is NR¹¹, whereR¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; andq is 1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(VII), (VII-A), (VII-B), (VII-C) or (VII-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferablythree or more, and more preferably four or more, of the followingfeatures: R¹ is F or Cl; R³ is C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl or 3-6membered heterocyclyl; or R³ is CH₃, i-C₃H₇, i-C₄H₉, s-C₄H₉, t-C₄H₉,CH₂F, CHF₂, CH₂CHF₂ or oxetan-3-yl; R⁵ is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl; or R⁵ is Hor CH₃; R⁶ is H or F; R⁷ and R⁸ are H; R⁹ is OH; Q is NR¹¹; R¹¹ isSO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(VII), (VII-A), (VII-B), (VII-C) or (VII-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferablythree or more, and more preferably four or more, of the followingfeatures: R¹ is F or Cl; R³ is C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl or 3-6membered heterocyclyl; or R³ is CH₃, i-C₃H₇, i-C₄H₉, s-C₄H₉, t-C₄H₉,CH₂F, CHF₂, CH₂CHF₂ or oxetan-3-yl; R⁵ is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl; or R⁵ is Hor CH₃; or R³ is taken together with R⁵ to form a 5-7 memberedheterocyclic ring, optionally containing an additional heteroatomselected from NR²⁴, O and S(O)_(m) as a ring member, which ring isoptionally substituted by R²¹; R⁶ is H or F; R⁷ and R⁸ are H; R⁹ is OH;Q is NR¹¹; R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent;p is 2; and q is 1.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formula (VIII):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R¹, R², R⁶ to R²³, Q, n, p and q are as defined for Formula (II); or

R¹, R², R⁶ to R³⁰, Q, m, n, p and q are as defined for Formula (IV).

In particular embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(VIII), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R¹, R², R⁴, R⁶ to R²³ and n are as defined for Formula (II).

In other embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(VIII), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R¹, R², R⁴, R⁶ to R³⁰, m and n are as defined for Formula (IV).

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (VIII) has the absolutestereochemistry as shown in one of Formulae (VIII-A), (VIII-B), (VIII-C)or (VIII-D):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (II) is also applicable to compounds of Formula (VIII) that arenot inconsistent with such aspect or embodiment.

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (IV) is also applicable to compounds of Formula (VIII) that arenot inconsistent with such aspect or embodiment.

In an embodiment, the invention provides a compound of Formula (VIII),(VIII-A), (VIII-B), (VIII-C) or (VIII-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹ is Cl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl optionallysubstituted by R²⁰, where R²⁰ is OH; R⁶ is F; R⁷ is H; R⁸ is H; R⁹ isOH; Q is O; or Q is NR¹¹; R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 andR¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(VIII), (VIII-A), (VIII-B), (VIII-C) or (VIII-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferablythree or more, and more preferably four or more, of the followingfeatures: R¹ is F or Cl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl or 3-6membered heterocyclyl; or R² is CH₃, i-C₃H₇, i-C₄H₉, s-C₄H₉, t-C₄H₉,CH₂F, CHF₂, CH₂CHF₂ or oxetan-3-yl; R⁶ is H or F; R⁷ and R⁸ are H; R⁹ isOH; Q is O; or Q is NR¹¹; R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 andR¹⁰ is absent; p is 2; and q is 1.

In particular embodiments of Formulae (I) to (VIII), the ring comprisingQ is selected from the group consisting of:

where the * represents the point of attachment to the 2-aminosubstituent.

In particular embodiments of Formulae (I) to (VIII), the ring comprisingQ is selected from the group consisting of:

where the * represents the point of attachment to the 2-aminosubstituent.

In particular embodiments of Formulae (I) to (VIII), the ring comprisingQ is selected from the group consisting of:

where the * represents the point of attachment to the 2-aminosubstituent.

In specific embodiments of Formulae (I) to (VIII), the ring comprising Qis selected from the group consisting of:

where the * represents the point of attachment to the 2-aminosubstituent.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formula (IX):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R¹, R², R⁴, R⁶ to R¹¹, R¹⁴ to R²³ and n are as defined for Formula (II);or

R¹, R², R⁴, R⁶ to R¹¹, R¹⁴ to R³⁰, m and n are as defined for Formula(IV).

In some embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula (IX),or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹, R², R⁴, R⁶ toR¹¹, R¹⁴ to R²³ and n are as defined for Formula (II).

In embodiments of Formula (IX) wherein the substituent groups are asdefined for Formula (II), the invention provides a compound of Formula(IX):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R¹ is H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where each saidC₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

R² is H, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkylis optionally substituted by R²⁰ and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹;

R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

R⁶ is H, F, Cl, CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ or CF₃;

R⁷ and R⁸ are independently H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₂alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally substituted by R²⁰;

R⁹ is H, OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, whereeach said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted byR²⁰;

R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, SO₂R¹⁴, SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷,COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹;

R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl;

each R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ is independently H or CH₃;

R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl andC₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰;

each R²⁰ is independently OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN orNR²²R²³;

each R²¹ is independently F, OH, CN, NR²²R²³, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally further substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R²² and R²³ is independently H, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl;or

R²² and R²³ may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached to form an azetidinyl ring, which is optionally substitutedby F or OH; and

n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

In other embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(IX′), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R¹, R²,R⁴, R⁶ to R¹¹, R¹⁴ to R²³ and n are as defined for Formula (IV).

In embodiments of Formula (IX) wherein the substituent groups are asdefined for Formula (IV), the invention provides a compound of Formula(IX′):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R¹ is H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where each saidC₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

R² is H, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkylis optionally substituted by R²⁰ and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹; and

R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally substituted by R²⁰; or

R² can be taken together with R⁴ to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclicring, optionally containing an additional heteroatom selected from NR²⁴,O and S(O)_(m) as a ring member, which ring is optionally substituted byR²¹;

R⁶ is H, F, Cl, CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ or CF₃;

R⁷ and R⁸ are independently H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₂alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally substituted by R²⁰;

R⁹ is H, OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, whereeach said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted byR²⁰;

R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, SO₂R¹⁴, SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷,COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹;

R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl;

each R¹⁵ and R¹⁶ is independently H or CH₃;

R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl andC₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰;

each R²⁰ is independently OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN orNR²²R²³;

each R²¹ is independently F, OH, CN, NR²²R²³, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally further substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R²² and R²³ is independently H, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl;or

R²² and R²³ may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached to form an azetidinyl ring, which is optionally substitutedby F or OH;

R²⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, SO₂R², SO₂NR²⁶R²⁷, COR²⁸,COOR²⁸ or CONR²⁹R³⁰;

R²⁵ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl;

each R²⁶ and R²⁷ is independently H or CH₃;

R²⁸ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl andC₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂fluoroalkoxy, CN, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R²⁹ and R³⁰ is independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN, NH₂, NHCH₃ orN(CH₃)₂;

m is 0, 1 or 2; and

n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (IX) or (IX′) has theabsolute stereochemistry as shown in one of Formulae (IX-A), (IX-B),(IX-C) or (IX-D), or Formulae (IX′-A), (IX′-B), (IX′-C) or (IX′-D)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (II) is also applicable to compounds of Formulae (IX), (IX-A),(IX-B), (IX-C) or (IX-D) that are not inconsistent with such aspect orembodiment.

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (IX) is also applicable to compounds of Formulae (IX-A), (IX-B),(IX-C) or (IX-D).

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(IX), (IX-A), (IX-B), (IX-C) or (IX-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three ormore, and more preferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ isCl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² is i-C₃H₇; R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, where saidC₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰, where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ isCH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; R⁶ is F; R⁷ is H; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; R¹¹ isSO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a compound of Formula(IX), (IX-A), (IX-B), (IX-C) or (IX-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, wherein: R¹ is Cl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² is i-C₃H₇; R⁴is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰, where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ isCH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; R⁶ is F; R⁷ is H; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; R¹¹ isSO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formulae(IX), (IX-A), (IX-B), (IX-C) or (IX-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three ormore, and more preferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ isF or Cl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl; or R² is CH₃, i-C₃H₇, i-C₄Hs, s-C₄Hs, t-C₄Hs, CH₂F, CHF₂,CH₂CHF₂ or oxetan-3-yl; R⁴ is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkylis optionally substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂; or R⁴ is H, CH₃,C₂H₅, CH₂OH, CH(OH)CH₃, CH₂CH₂OH or CH₂NH₂; R⁶ is H or F; R⁷ and R⁸ areH; R⁹ is OH; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; and R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄alkyl.

In specific embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formulae(IX), (IX-A), (IX-B), (IX-C) or (IX-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three ormore, and more preferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ isCl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; R⁴ is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰; R⁶ is F; R⁷ and R⁸ are H; R⁹ is OH; R¹¹is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; and R²⁰ is OH.

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (IV) is also applicable to compounds of Formulae (IX′), (IX′-A),(IX′-B), (IX′-C) or (IX′-D) that are not inconsistent with such aspector embodiment.

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (IX′) is also applicable to compounds of Formulae (IX′-A),(IX′-B), (IX′-C) or (IX′-D).

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formulae(IX′), (IX′-A), (IX′-B), (IX′-C) or (IX′-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferablythree or more, and more preferably four or more, of the followingfeatures: R¹ is F or Cl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl or 3-6membered heterocyclyl; or R² is CH₃, i-C₃H₇, i-C₄H₉, s-C₄H₉, t-C₄H₉,CH₂F, CHF₂, CH₂CHF₂ or oxetan-3-yl; R⁴ is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl, where saidC₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂; orR⁴ is H, CH₃, C₂H₅, CH₂OH, CH(OH)CH₃, CH₂CH₂OH or CH₂NH₂; or R² is takentogether with R⁴ to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring, optionallycontaining an additional heteroatom selected from NR²⁴, O and S(O)_(m)as a ring member, which ring is optionally substituted by R²¹; R⁶ is Hor F; R⁷ and R⁸ are H; R⁹ is OH; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; R¹¹ isSO₂R¹⁴; and R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl.

In specific embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formulae(IX′), (IX′-A), (IX′-B), (IX′-C) or (IX′-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferablythree or more, and more preferably four or more, of the followingfeatures: R¹ is F or Cl; R² is CH₃, i-C₃H₇, i-C₄H₉, s-C₄H₉, t-C₄H₉,CH₂F, CHF₂, CH₂CHF₂ or oxetan-3-yl; R⁴ is H, CH₃, C₂H₅, CH₂OH,CH(OH)CH₃, CH₂CH₂OH or CH₂NH₂; or R² is taken together with R⁴ to form a5-membered heterocyclic ring optionally substituted by R²¹; each R²¹ isindependently F, OH, NH₂, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl; R⁶ is F; R⁷and R⁸ are H; R⁹ is OH; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent; R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; and R¹⁴is CH₃.

In specific embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formulae(IX′), (IX′-A), (IX′-B), (IX′-C) or (IX′-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferablythree or more, and more preferably four or more, of the followingfeatures: R¹ is Cl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; R⁴ is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl, wheresaid C₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰; R⁶ is F; R⁷ and R⁸are H; R⁹ is OH; R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl; and R²⁰ is OH.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formula (X):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R¹ is H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where each saidC₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

R² is H, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkylis optionally substituted by R²⁰ and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹;

R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

R⁶ is H, F, Cl, CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ or CF₃;

R⁷ and R⁸ are independently H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₂alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally substituted by R²⁰;

R⁹ is H, OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, whereeach said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted byR²⁰;

each R²⁰ is independently OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN orNR²²R²³;

each R²¹ is independently F, OH, CN, NR²²R²³, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally further substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R²² and R²³ is independently H, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl;or

R²² and R²³ may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached to form an azetidinyl ring, which is optionally substitutedby F or OH; and

n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formula (XI):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

R¹ is H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where each saidC₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;

R² is H, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkylis optionally substituted by R²⁰ and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹;

R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally substituted by R²⁰; or

R² can be taken together with R⁴ to form a 5-7 membered heterocyclicring, optionally containing an additional heteroatom selected from NR²⁴,O and S(O)_(m) as a ring member, which ring is optionally substituted byR²¹;

R⁶ is H, F, Cl, CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ or CF₃;

R⁷ and R⁸ are independently H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₂alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally substituted by R²⁰;

R⁹ is H, OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, whereeach said C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted byR²⁰;

each R²⁰ is independently OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN orNR²²R²³;

each R²¹ is independently F, OH, CN, NR²²R²³, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally further substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R²² and R²³ is independently H, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl;or

R²² and R²³ may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached to form an azetidinyl ring, which is optionally substitutedby F or OH;

R²⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, SO₂R²⁵, SO₂NR²⁶R²⁷, COR²⁸,COOR²⁸ or CONR²⁹R³⁰;

R²⁵ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl;

each R²⁶ and R²⁷ is independently H or CH₃;

R²⁸ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl andC₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂fluoroalkoxy, CN, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R²⁹ and R³⁰ is independently H, C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl,where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN, NH₂, NHCH₃ orN(CH₃)₂;

m is 0, 1 or 2; and

n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (X) or (XI) has theabsolute stereochemistry as shown in one of Formulae (X-A), (X-B), (X-C)or (X-D) or (XI-A), (XI-B), (XI-C) or (XI-D):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (II) is also applicable to compounds of Formulae (X), (X-A),(X-B), (X-C) or (X-D) that are not inconsistent with such aspect orembodiment.

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (X) is also applicable to compounds of Formulae (X-A), (X-B),(X-C) or (X-D).

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(X), (X-A), (X-B), (X-C) or (X-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three or more,and more preferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ is Cl;R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² is i-C₃H₇; R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰, where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ isCH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; R⁶ is F; R⁷ is H; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; n is 0and R¹⁰ is absent.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a compound of Formula(X), (X-A), (X-B), (X-C) or (X-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, wherein: R¹ is Cl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² is i-C₃H₇; R⁴ isC₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰, where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ isCH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; R⁶ is F; R⁷ is H; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; n is 0and R¹⁰ is absent.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formulae(X), (X-A), (X-B), (X-C) or (X-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three or more,and more preferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ is F orCl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl;or R² is CH₃, i-C₃H₇, i-C₄H₉, s-C₄H₉, t-C₄H₉, CH₂F, CHF₂, CH₂CHF₂ oroxetan-3-yl; R⁴ is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkyl isoptionally substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂; or R⁴ is H, CH₃,C₂H₅, CH₂OH, CH(OH)CH₃, C(OH)(CH₃)₂ or CH₂CH₂OH; R⁶ is H or F; R⁷ is H;R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent.

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (IV) is also applicable to compounds of Formulae (XI), (XI-A),(XI-B), (XI-C) or (XI-D) that are not inconsistent with such aspect orembodiment.

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (XI) is also applicable to compounds of Formulae (XI-A), (XI-B),(XI-C) or (XI-D).

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(XI), (XI-A), (XI-B), (XI-C) or (XI-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three ormore, and more preferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ isCl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² is i-C₃H₇; R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, where saidC₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰, where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ isCH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; R⁶ is F; R⁷ is H; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; n is 0and R¹⁰ is absent.

In a preferred embodiment, the invention provides a compound of Formula(XI), (XI-A), (XI-B), (XI-C) or (XI-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, wherein: R¹ is C; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² is i-C₃H₇; R⁴is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰, where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ isCH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; R⁶ is F; R⁷ is H; R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; n is 0and R¹⁰ is absent.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formulae(XI), (XI-A), (XI-B), (XI-C) or (XI-D), or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferably three ormore, and more preferably four or more, of the following features: R¹ isF or Cl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl; or R² is CH₃, i-C₃H₇, i-C₄H₉, s-C₄H₉, t-C₄H₉, CH₂F, CHF₂,CH₂CHF₂ or oxetan-3-yl; R⁴ is H or C₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkylis optionally substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂; or R⁴ is H, CH₃,C₂H₅, CH₂OH, CH(OH)CH₃, C(OH)(CH₃)₂ or CH₂CH₂OH; R⁶ is H or F; R⁷ is H;R⁸ is H; R⁹ is OH; n is 0 and R¹⁰ is absent.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of Formula (XII):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

A is N or CH;

R¹ is H, F or Cl;

R² is H, C₁-C₅ alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkylis optionally substituted by R²⁰ and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹;

R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy, C₁-C₄fluoroalkoxy, C(O)R^(a), C(O)NR^(b) ₂, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally substituted by R²⁰, eachsaid C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionallysubstituted by R²¹, R^(a) is C₁-C₂ alkyl, and each R^(b) isindependently H or C₁-C₂ alkyl;

R⁶ is H or F;

R⁷ and R⁸ are independently H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy;

Q is O; or

Q is NR¹¹;

R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴ or COR¹⁷;

R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl;

R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰ and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹;

each R²⁰ is independently OH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN,NR²²R²³, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where each saidC₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substitutedby R²¹;

each R²¹ is independently F, OH, CN, NR²²R²³, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally further substituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂;

each R²² and R²³ is independently H, C₁-C₃ alkyl, C₁-C₃ fluoroalkyl,C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₁-C₃alkyl and C₁-C₃ fluoroalkyl is optionally further substituted by OH,C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and3-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionally further substituted by F, OH,C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy; or

R²² and R²³ may be taken together with the nitrogen atom to which theyare attached to form an azetidinyl ring, where said ring is optionallysubstituted by F, OH, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy orC₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy.

In some embodiments, the compound of Formula (XII) has the absolutestereochemistry as shown in one of Formulae (XII-A), (XII-B), (XII-C) or(XII-D):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (I)-(XI) is also applicable to compounds of Formulae (XII),(XII-A), (XII-B), (XII-C) or (XII-D) that are not inconsistent with suchaspect or embodiment.

Each of the aspects and embodiments described herein with respect toFormula (XII) is also applicable to compounds of Formulae (XII-A),(XII-B), (XII-C) or (XII-D).

In some embodiments of Formulae (XII), (XII-A), (XII-B), (XII-C) or(XII-D), A is N. In some embodiments of Formulae (XII), (XII-A),(XII-B), (XII-C) or (XII-D), A is CH.

In some embodiments of Formulae (XII), (XII-A), (XII-B), (XII-C) or(XII-D), R¹ is Cl.

In some embodiments of Formulae (XII), (XII-A), (XII-B), (XII-C) or(XII-D), R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl or C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₅alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰. In somesuch embodiments, R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl. In specific embodiments, R² isisopropyl.

In some embodiments of Formulae (XII), (XII-A), (XII-B), (XII-C) or(XII-D), R² is C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where eachsaid C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionallysubstituted by R²¹.

In some embodiments of Formulae (XII), (XII-A), (XII-B), (XII-C) or(XII-D), R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally substituted by R²⁰.

In some such embodiments, R²⁰ is OH. In some embodiments, R⁴ is C₁-C₄alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰ where R²⁰ is OH. In specificembodiments, R⁴ is CH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂.

In other such embodiments, R²⁰ is C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl, where each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹. In some such embodiments,R⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl optionally substituted by R²⁰ where R²⁰ is C₃-C₈cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₃-C₈cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted byR²¹.

In some embodiments of Formulae (XII), (XII-A), (XII-B), (XII-C) or(XII-D), R⁴ is C(O)R^(a), C(O)NR₂, R^(a) is C₁-C₂ alkyl, and each R^(b)is independently H or C₁-C₂ alkyl.

In some embodiments of Formulae (XII), (XII-A), (XII-B), (XII-C) or(XII-D), R⁴ is C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where eachsaid C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionallysubstituted by R²¹.

In some embodiments of Formulae (XII), (XII-A), (XII-B), (XII-C) or(XII-D), R⁶ is F.

In some embodiments of Formulae (XII), (XII-A), (XII-B), (XII-C) or(XII-D), R⁷ and R⁸ are independently H or F. In some such embodiments,R⁷ and R⁸ are H.

In some embodiments of Formulae (XII), (XII-A), (XII-B), (XII-C) or(XII-D), Q is O.

In some embodiments of Formulae (XII), (XII-A), (XII-B), (XII-C) or(XII-D), Q is NR¹¹. In some such embodiments, R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴. In somesuch embodiments, R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl. In some such embodiments, R¹¹ isCOR¹⁷. In some such embodiments, R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰. In some such embodiments, R¹⁷ is C₃-C₈cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl, where each said C₃-C₈cycloalkyl and 3-6 membered heterocyclyl is optionally substituted byR²¹.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(XII), (XII-A), (XII-B), (XII-C) or (XII-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferablythree or more, and more preferably four or more, of the followingfeatures: A is N; R¹ is Cl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² is i-C₃H₇; R⁴ isC₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰,where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ is CH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; R⁶ is F; R⁷ is H; R⁸is H; and Q is O.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(XII), (XII-A), (XII-B), (XII-C) or (XII-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferablythree or more, and more preferably four or more, of the followingfeatures: A is N; R¹ is Cl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² is i-C₃H₇; R⁴ isC₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰,where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ is CH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; R⁶ is F; R⁷ is H; R⁸is H; Q is NR¹¹; R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; and R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(XII), (XII-A), (XII-B), (XII-C) or (XII-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferablythree or more, and more preferably four or more, of the followingfeatures: A is CH; R¹ is Cl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² is i-C₃H₇; R⁴ isC₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰,where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ is CH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; R⁶ is F; R⁷ is H; R⁸is H; and Q is O.

In certain embodiments, the invention provides a compound of Formula(XII), (XII-A), (XII-B), (XII-C) or (XII-D), or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, having a combination of two or more, preferablythree or more, and more preferably four or more, of the followingfeatures: A is CH; R¹ is Cl; R² is C₁-C₅ alkyl; or R² is i-C₃H₇; R⁴ isC₁-C₄ alkyl, where said C₁-C₄ alkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰,where R²⁰ is OH; or R⁴ is CH(OH)CH₃ or C(OH)(CH₃)₂; R⁶ is F; R⁷ is H; R⁸is H; Q is NR¹¹; R¹¹ is SO₂R¹⁴; and R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound selected from thegroup consisting of:

-   (3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol;-   (3R,4R)-4-({4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol;-   4-(1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl)-5-fluoro-N-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine;-   (3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol;-   (3R,4R)-4-({5-ethyl-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol;-   (3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzotriazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol;-   (3R,4R)-4-({4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol;-   (3R,4R)-4-({4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-5-methoxypyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol;-   (3R,4R)-4-({4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-5-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol;-   (3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(oxetan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol;-   (3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol;-   (3R,4R)-4-({4-[1-(azetidin-3-yl)-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol;-   (3R,4R)-4-{[4-(1-tert-butyl-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl]amino}-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol;-   (3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol;-   (3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)piperidin-3-ol;-   1-[(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]ethanone;-   (3R,4R)-4-{[4-(1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl]amino}-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol;-   (3S,4S)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-methylpiperidin-3-ol;-   (3S,4S)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol;-   1,5-anhydro-3-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol;-   1,5-anhydro-3-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol;-   (2S)-1-[(3R,4R)-4-{[4-(1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl)-5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl]amino}-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxypropan-1-one;-   (3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol;-   (3R,4R)-4-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol;    and-   1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol;

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound selected from thegroup consisting of the compounds exemplified in the Examples providedherein, including A1-A94, B1-B2, C1-C2, D1-D6, E1, F1-F33, G1 andH1-H11, inclusive, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect, the invention provides(3R,4R)-4-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect, the invention provides(3R,4R)-4-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol.

In another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt of(3R,4R)-4-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol.

In another aspect, the invention provides1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect, the invention provides1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol.

In another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt of1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol.

A “pharmaceutical composition” refers to a mixture of one or more of thecompounds of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt,solvate, hydrate or prodrug thereof as an active ingredient, and atleast one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. In someembodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises two or morepharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or excipients. In otherembodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises at leastone additional anticancer therapeutic agent.

In one aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. Insome embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition comprises two or morepharmaceutically acceptable carriers and/or excipients.

In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises atleast one additional anti-cancer therapeutic agent. In some suchembodiments, the combination provides an additive, greater thanadditive, or synergistic anti-cancer effect.

The term “additive” is used to mean that the result of the combinationof two compounds, components or targeted agents is no greater than thesum of each compound, component or targeted agent individually.

The term “synergy” or “synergistic” are used to mean that the result ofthe combination of two compounds, components or targeted agents isgreater than the sum of each compound, component or targeted agentindividually. This improvement in the disease, condition or disorderbeing treated is a “synergistic” effect. A “synergistic amount” is anamount of the combination of the two compounds, components or targetedagents that results in a synergistic effect, as “synergistic” is definedherein.

Determining a synergistic interaction between one or two components, theoptimum range for the effect and absolute dose ranges of each componentfor the effect may be definitively measured by administration of thecomponents over different dose ranges, and/or dose ratios to patients inneed of treatment. However, the observation of synergy in in vitromodels or in vivo models can be predictive of the effect in humans andother species and in vitro models or in vivo models exist, as describedherein, to measure a synergistic effect. The results of such studies canalso be used to predict effective dose and plasma concentration ratioranges and the absolute doses and plasma concentrations required inhumans and other species such as by the application of pharmacokineticand/or pharmacodynamics methods.

Unless indicated otherwise, all references herein to the inventivecompounds include references to salts, solvates, hydrates and complexesthereof, and to solvates, hydrates and complexes of salts thereof,including polymorphs, stereoisomers, and isotopically labelled versionsthereof.

Compounds of the invention may exist in the form of pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts such as, e.g., acid addition salts and base additionsalts of the compounds of one of the formulae provided herein. As usedherein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to thosesalts which retain the biological effectiveness and properties of theparent compound. The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable salt(s)”, asused herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes salts of acidic orbasic groups which may be present in the compounds of the formulaedisclosed herein.

For example, the compounds of the invention that are basic in nature arecapable of forming a wide variety of salts with various inorganic andorganic acids. Although such salts must be pharmaceutically acceptablefor administration to animals, it is often desirable in practice toinitially isolate the compound of the present invention from thereaction mixture as a pharmaceutically unacceptable salt and then simplyconvert the latter back to the free base compound by treatment with analkaline reagent and subsequently convert the latter free base to apharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt. The acid addition saltsof the base compounds of this invention can be prepared by treating thebase compound with a substantially equivalent amount of the selectedmineral or organic acid in an aqueous solvent medium or in a suitableorganic solvent, such as methanol or ethanol. Upon evaporation of thesolvent, the desired solid salt is obtained. The desired acid salt canalso be precipitated from a solution of the free base in an organicsolvent by adding an appropriate mineral or organic acid to thesolution.

The acids that may be used to prepare pharmaceutically acceptable acidaddition salts of such basic compounds of those that form non-toxic acidaddition salts, i.e., salts containing pharmacologically acceptableanions, such as the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, nitrate,sulfate, bisulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate, isonicotinate, acetate,lactate, salicylate, citrate, acid citrate, tartrate, pantothenate,bitartrate, ascorbate, succinate, maleate, gentisinate, fumarate,gluconate, glucuronate, saccharate, formate, benzoate, glutamate,methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzenesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonateand pamoate salts.

Examples of salts include, but are not limited to, acetate, acrylate,benzenesulfonate, benzoate (such as chlorobenzoate, methylbenzoate,dinitrobenzoate, hydroxybenzoate, and methoxybenzoate), bicarbonate,bisulfate, bisulfite, bitartrate, borate, bromide, butyne-1,4-dioate,calcium edetate, camsylate, carbonate, chloride, caproate, caprylate,clavulanate, citrate, decanoate, dihydrochloride, dihydrogenphosphate,edetate, edislyate, estolate, esylate, ethylsuccinate, formate,fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glutamate, glycollate,glycollylarsanilate, heptanoate, hexyne-1,6-dioate, hexylresorcinate,hydrabamine, hydrobromide, hydrochloride, γ-hydroxybutyrate, iodide,isobutyrate, isothionate, lactate, lactobionate, laurate, malate,maleate, malonate, mandelate, mesylate, metaphosphate,methane-sulfonate, methylsulfate, monohydrogenphosphate, mucate,napsylate, naphthalene-1-sulfonate, naphthalene-2-sulfonate, nitrate,oleate, oxalate, pamoate (embonate), palmitate, pantothenate,phenylacetates, phenylbutyrate, phenylpropionate, phthalate,phosphate/diphosphate, polygalacturonate, propanesulfonate, propionate,propiolate, pyrophosphate, pyrosulfate, salicylate, stearate,subacetate, suberate, succinate, sulfate, sulfonate, sulfite, tannate,tartrate, teoclate, tosylate and valerate salts.

Illustrative examples of suitable salts include organic salts derivedfrom amino acids, such as glycine and arginine, ammonia, primary,secondary, and tertiary amines and cyclic amines, such as piperidine,morpholine and piperazine, and inorganic salts derived from sodium,calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, aluminumand lithium.

The compounds of the invention that include a basic moiety, such as anamino group, may form pharmaceutically acceptable salts with variousamino acids, in addition to the acids mentioned above.

Alternatively, the compounds useful that are acidic in nature may becapable of forming base salts with various pharmacologically acceptablecations. Examples of such salts include the alkali metal oralkaline-earth metal salts and particularly, the sodium and potassiumsalts. These salts are all prepared by conventional techniques. Thechemical bases which are used as reagents to prepare thepharmaceutically acceptable base salts of this invention are those whichform non-toxic base salts with the acidic compounds herein. These saltsmay be prepared by any suitable method, for example, treatment of thefree acid with an inorganic or organic base, such as an amine (primary,secondary or tertiary), an alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earthmetal hydroxide, or the like. These salts can also be prepared bytreating the corresponding acidic compounds with an aqueous solutioncontaining the desired pharmacologically acceptable cations, and thenevaporating the resulting solution to dryness, preferably under reducedpressure. Alternatively, they may also be prepared by mixing loweralkanolic solutions of the acidic compounds and the desired alkali metalalkoxide together, and then evaporating the resulting solution todryness in the same manner as before. In either case, stoichiometricquantities of reagents are preferably employed in order to ensurecompleteness of reaction and maximum yields of the desired finalproduct.

The chemical bases that may be used as reagents to preparepharmaceutically acceptable base salts of the compounds of the inventionthat are acidic in nature are those that form non-toxic base salts withsuch compounds. Such non-toxic base salts include, but are not limitedto, those derived from such pharmacologically acceptable cations such asalkali metal cations (e.g., potassium and sodium) and alkaline earthmetal cations (e.g., calcium and magnesium), ammonium or water-solubleamine addition salts such as N-methylglucamine-(meglumine), and thelower alkanolammonium and other base salts of pharmaceuticallyacceptable organic amines.

Hemisalts of acids and bases may also be formed, for example,hemisulphate and hemicalcium salts.

For a review on suitable salts, see Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts:Properties, Selection, and Use by Stahl and Wermuth (Wiley-VCH, 2002).Methods for making pharmaceutically acceptable salts of compounds of theinvention, and of interconverting salt and free base forms, are known toone of skill in the art.

Salts of the present invention can be prepared according to methodsknown to those of skill in the art. A pharmaceutically acceptable saltof the inventive compounds can be readily prepared by mixing togethersolutions of the compound and the desired acid or base, as appropriate.The salt may precipitate from solution and be collected by filtration ormay be recovered by evaporation of the solvent. The degree of ionizationin the salt may vary from completely ionized to almost non-ionized.

It will be understood by those of skill in the art that the compounds ofthe invention in free base form having a basic functionality may beconverted to the acid addition salts by treating with a stoichiometricexcess of the appropriate acid. The acid addition salts of the compoundsof the invention may be reconverted to the corresponding free base bytreating with a stoichiometric excess of a suitable base, such aspotassium carbonate or sodium hydroxide, typically in the presence ofaqueous solvent, and at a temperature of between about 0° C. and 100° C.The free base form may be isolated by conventional means, such asextraction with an organic solvent. In addition, acid addition salts ofthe compounds of the invention may be interchanged by taking advantageof differential solubilities of the salts, volatilities or acidities ofthe acids, or by treating with the appropriately loaded ion exchangeresin. For example, the interchange may be affected by the reaction of asalt of the compounds of the invention with a slight stoichiometricexcess of an acid of a lower pK than the acid component of the startingsalt. This conversion is typically carried out at a temperature betweenabout 0° C. and the boiling point of the solvent being used as themedium for the procedure. Similar exchanges are possible with baseaddition salts, typically via the intermediacy of the free base form.

The compounds of the invention may exist in both unsolvated and solvatedforms. When the solvent or water is tightly bound, the complex will havea well-defined stoichiometry independent of humidity. When, however, thesolvent or water is weakly bound, as in channel solvates and hygroscopiccompounds, the water/solvent content will be dependent on humidity anddrying conditions. In such cases, non-stoichiometry will be the norm.The term ‘solvate’ is used herein to describe a molecular complexcomprising the compound of the invention and one or morepharmaceutically acceptable solvent molecules, for example, ethanol. Theterm ‘hydrate’ is employed when the solvent is water. Pharmaceuticallyacceptable solvates in accordance with the invention include hydratesand solvates wherein the solvent of crystallization may be isotopicallysubstituted, e.g. D₂O, d₆-acetone, d₆-DMSO.

Also included within the scope of the invention are complexes such asclathrates, drug-host inclusion complexes wherein, in contrast to theaforementioned solvates, the drug and host are present in stoichiometricor non-stoichiometric amounts. Also included are complexes of the drugcontaining two or more organic and/or inorganic components which may bein stoichiometric or non-stoichiometric amounts. The resulting complexesmay be ionized, partially ionized, or non-ionized. For a review of suchcomplexes, see J Pharm Sci, 64 (8), 1269-1288 by Haleblian (August1975), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference inits entirety.

The invention also relates to prodrugs of the compounds of the formulaeprovided herein. Thus, certain derivatives of compounds of the inventionwhich may have little or no pharmacological activity themselves can,when administered to a patient, be converted into the inventivecompounds, for example, by hydrolytic cleavage. Such derivatives arereferred to as ‘prodrugs’. Further information on the use of prodrugsmay be found in ‘Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems, Vol. 14, ACSSymposium Series (T Higuchi and W Stella) and ‘Bioreversible Carriers inDrug Design’, Pergamon Press, 1987 (ed. E B Roche, AmericanPharmaceutical Association), the disclosures of which are incorporatedherein by reference in their entireties.

Prodrugs in accordance with the invention can, for example, be producedby replacing appropriate functionalities present in the inventivecompounds with certain moieties known to those skilled in the art as‘pro-moieties’ as described, for example, in “Design of Prodrugs” by HBundgaard (Elsevier, 1985), the disclosure of which is incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety.

Some non-limiting examples of prodrugs in accordance with the inventioninclude:

(i) where the compound contains a carboxylic acid functionality (—COOH),an ester thereof, for example, replacement of the hydrogen with(C₁-C₈)alkyl;

(ii) where the compound contains an alcohol functionality (—OH), anether thereof, for example, replacement of the hydrogen with(C₁-C₆)alkanoyloxymethyl, or with a phosphate ether group; and

(iii) where the compound contains a primary or secondary aminofunctionality (—NH₂ or —NHR where R≠H), an amide thereof, for example,replacement of one or both hydrogens with a suitably metabolicallylabile group, such as an amide, carbamate, urea, phosphonate, sulfonate,etc.

Further examples of replacement groups in accordance with the foregoingexamples and examples of other prodrug types may be found in theaforementioned references.

Finally, certain inventive compounds may themselves act as prodrugs ofother of the inventive compounds.

Also included within the scope of the invention are metabolites ofcompounds of the formulae described herein, i.e., compounds formed invivo upon administration of the drug.

The compounds of the formulae provided herein may have asymmetric carbonatoms. The carbon-carbon bonds of the compounds of the invention may bedepicted herein using a solid line (

), a solid wedge (

), or a dotted wedge (

). The use of a solid line to depict bonds to asymmetric carbon atoms ismeant to indicate that all possible stereoisomers (e.g. specificenantiomers, racemic mixtures, etc.) at that carbon atom are included.The use of either a solid or dotted wedge to depict bonds to asymmetriccarbon atoms is meant to indicate that only the stereoisomer shown ismeant to be included. It is possible that compounds of the invention maycontain more than one asymmetric carbon atom. In those compounds, theuse of a solid line to depict bonds to asymmetric carbon atoms is meantto indicate that all possible stereoisomers are meant to be included andthe attached stereocenter. For example, unless stated otherwise, it isintended that the compounds of the invention can exist as enantiomersand diastereomers or as racemates and mixtures thereof. The use of asolid line to depict bonds to one or more asymmetric carbon atoms in acompound of the invention and the use of a solid or dotted wedge todepict bonds to other asymmetric carbon atoms in the same compound ismeant to indicate that a mixture of diastereomers is present.

Compounds of the invention that have chiral centers may exist asstereoisomers, such as racemates, enantiomers, or diastereomers.

Stereoisomers of the compounds of the formulae herein can include cisand trans isomers, optical isomers such as (R) and (S) enantiomers,diastereomers, geometric isomers, rotational isomers, atropisomers,conformational isomers, and tautomers of the compounds of the invention,including compounds exhibiting more than one type of isomerism; andmixtures thereof (such as racemates and diastereomeric pairs).

Also included are acid addition salts or base addition salts, whereinthe counterion is optically active, for example, d-lactate or l-lysine,or racemic, for example, dl-tartrate or dl-arginine.

When any racemate crystallizes, crystals of two different types arepossible. The first type is the racemic compound (true racemate)referred to above wherein one homogeneous form of crystal is producedcontaining both enantiomers in equimolar amounts. The second type is theracemic mixture or conglomerate wherein two forms of crystal areproduced in equimolar amounts each comprising a single enantiomer.

The compounds of the invention may exhibit the phenomena of tautomerismand structural isomerism. For example, the compounds may exist inseveral tautomeric forms, including the enol and imine form, and theketo and enamine form and geometric isomers and mixtures thereof. Allsuch tautomeric forms are included within the scope of compounds of theinvention. Tautomers exist as mixtures of a tautomeric set in solution.In solid form, usually one tautomer predominates. Even though onetautomer may be described, the present invention includes all tautomersof the compounds of the formulae provided.

In addition, some of the compounds of the invention may formatropisomers (e.g., substituted biaryls). Atropisomers areconformational stereoisomers which occur when rotation about a singlebond in the molecule is prevented, or greatly slowed, as a result ofsteric interactions with other parts of the molecule and thesubstituents at both ends of the single bond are unsymmetrical. Theinterconversion of atropisomers is slow enough to allow separation andisolation under predetermined conditions. The energy barrier to thermalracemization may be determined by the steric hindrance to free rotationof one or more bonds forming a chiral axis.

Where a compound of the invention contains an alkenyl or alkenylenegroup, geometric cis/trans (or Z/E) isomers are possible. Cis/transisomers may be separated by conventional techniques well known to thoseskilled in the art, for example, chromatography and fractionalcrystallization.

Conventional techniques for the preparation/isolation of individualenantiomers include chiral synthesis from a suitable optically pureprecursor or resolution of the racemate (or the racemate of a salt orderivative) using, for example, chiral high-pressure liquidchromatography (HPLC) or superfluid critical chromatography (SFC).

Alternatively, the racemate (or a racemic precursor) may be reacted witha suitable optically active compound, for example, an alcohol, or, inthe case where the compound contains an acidic or basic moiety, an acidor base such as tartaric acid or 1-phenylethylamine. The resultingdiastereomeric mixture may be separated by chromatography and/orfractional crystallization and one or both of the diastereoisomersconverted to the corresponding pure enantiomer(s) by means well known toone skilled in the art.

Chiral compounds of the invention (and chiral precursors thereof) may beobtained in enantiomerically-enriched form using chromatography,typically HPLC, on an asymmetric resin with a mobile phase consisting ofa hydrocarbon, typically heptane or hexane, containing from 0 to 50%isopropanol, typically from 2 to 20%, and from 0 to 5% of an alkylamine,typically 0.1% diethylamine. Concentration of the eluate affords theenriched mixture.

Stereoisomeric conglomerates may be separated by conventional techniquesknown to those skilled in the art; see, for example, “Stereochemistry ofOrganic Compounds” by E L Eliel (Wiley, New York, 1994), the disclosureof which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The enantiomeric purity of compounds described herein may be describedin terms of enantiomeric excess (ee), which indicates the degree towhich a sample contains one enantiomer in greater amounts than theother. A racemic mixture has an ee of 0%, while a single completely pureenantiomer has an ee of 100%. Similarly, diastereomeric purity may bedescribed in terms of diasteriomeric excess (de).

The present invention also includes isotopically-labeled compounds,which are identical to those recited in one of the formulae provided,but for the fact that one or more atoms are replaced by an atom havingan atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or massnumber usually found in nature.

Isotopically-labeled compounds of the invention can generally beprepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art orby processes analogous to those described herein, using an appropriateisotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagentotherwise employed.

Examples of isotopes that may be incorporated into compounds of theinvention include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen,phosphorus, sulfur, fluorine and chlorine, such as, but not limited to,²H, ³H, ¹³C, ¹⁴C, ¹⁵N, ¹⁸O, ¹⁷O ³²P, ³⁵S, ¹⁸F and ³⁶Cl. Certainisotopically-labeled compounds of the invention, for example those intowhich radioactive isotopes such as ³H and ¹⁴C are incorporated, areuseful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution assays. Tritiated,i.e., ³H, and carbon-14, i.e., ¹⁴C, isotopes are particularly preferredfor their ease of preparation and detectability. Further, substitutionwith heavier isotopes such as deuterium, i.e., ²H, can afford certaintherapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, forexample increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements and,hence, may be preferred in some circumstances. Isotopically-labeledcompounds of the invention may generally be prepared by carrying out theprocedures disclosed in the Schemes and/or in the Examples andPreparations below, by substituting an isotopically-labeled reagent fora non-isotopically-labeled reagent.

Compounds of the invention intended for pharmaceutical use may beadministered as crystalline or amorphous products, or mixtures thereof.They may be obtained, for example, as solid plugs, powders, or films bymethods such as precipitation, crystallization, freeze drying, spraydrying, or evaporative drying. Microwave or radio frequency drying maybe used.

Therapeutic Methods and Uses

The invention further provides therapeutic methods and uses comprisingadministering the compounds of the invention, or pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts thereof, alone or in combination with other therapeuticagents or palliative agents.

In one aspect, the invention provides a method for the treatment ofabnormal cell growth in a subject in need thereof, comprisingadministering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of acompound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof.

In one aspect, the invention provides a method for the treatment ofcancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to thesubject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of theinvention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method for the treatment ofabnormal cell growth in a subject in need thereof, comprisingadministering to the subject an amount of a compound of the invention,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in combination with anamount of an additional therapeutic agent (e.g., an anticancertherapeutic agent), which amounts are together effective in treatingsaid abnormal cell growth.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method for the treatment ofcancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to thesubject an amount of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, in combination with an amount of an additionaltherapeutic agent (e.g., an anticancer therapeutic agent), which amountsare together effective in treating said abnormal cell growth.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of the invention,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatmentof abnormal cell growth in a subject.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of the invention,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use in the treatmentof cancer in a subject.

In a further aspect, the invention provides the use of a compound of theinvention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for thetreatment of abnormal cell growth in a subject.

In a further aspect, the invention provides the use of a compound of theinvention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for thetreatment of cancer in a subject.

In another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical compositionfor use in the treatment of abnormal cell growth in a subject in needthereof, which pharmaceutical composition comprises a compound of theinvention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and apharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.

In another aspect, the invention provides a pharmaceutical compositionfor use in the treatment of cancer in a subject in need thereof, whichpharmaceutical composition comprises a compound of the invention, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier or excipient.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of the invention,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use as a medicament,in particular a medicament for the treatment of abnormal cell growthsuch as cancer.

In another aspect, the invention provides a compound of the invention,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use as a medicamentfor the treatment of cancer.

In yet another aspect, the invention provides the use of a compound ofthe invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for themanufacture of a medicament for the treatment of abnormal cell growth,such as cancer, in a subject.

In frequent embodiments of the methods provided herein, the abnormalcell growth is cancer. Compounds of the invention may be administered assingle agents or may be administered in combination with otheranti-cancer therapeutic agents, in particular with standard of careagents appropriate for the particular cancer.

In some embodiments, the methods provided result in one or more of thefollowing effects: (1) inhibiting cancer cell proliferation; (2)inhibiting cancer cell invasiveness; (3) inducing apoptosis of cancercells; (4) inhibiting cancer cell metastasis; or (5) inhibitingangiogenesis.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method for the treatment ofa disorder mediated by CDK4 in a subject, comprising administering tothe subject a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, in an amount that is effective for treatingsaid disorder, in particular cancer.

In preferred aspects and embodiments of the compounds, compositions,methods and uses described herein, the compounds of the invention areselective for CDK4 over CDK6. In frequent embodiments, the bindingaffinity for CDK6 is at least 10-fold, 15-fold, 20-fold, 25-fold,30-fold, 40-fold, 50-fold, 60-fold, 75-fold, 100-fold, or greater than100-fold larger than the binding affinity for CDK4.

In view of the potential role of CDK6 in hematologic toxicities, such asneutropenia or leukopenia, a CDK4 selective inhibitor may provide animproved safety profile, improved dosing schedule (e.g., by decreasingthe need for dose reduction or dosing holidays), and/or enhanced overallefficacy, due to the potential of higher dosing, use of a continuousdosing regimen, and/or extended time of overall treatment as compared tocurrent dual CDK4/6 inhibitors. Animal models to assess neutropenia aredescribed in the art. For example, see Fine et al. A Specific Stimulatorof Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Accelerates Recover fromCyclophophamide-Induced Neutropenia in the Mouse (1997) Blood,90(2):795-802; Hu et al., Mechanistic Investigation of Bone MarrowSuppression Associated with Palbociclib and its Differentiation fromCytotoxic Chemotherapies (2016), Clin. Cancer Res. 22(8):2000-2008.

It may also be preferable to obtain selectivity for CDK4 over otherCDKs, such as CDK1, CDK2 and/or CDK9.

Compounds of the invention include compounds of any of the formulaedescribed herein, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method of inhibiting cancercell proliferation in a subject, comprising administering to the subjecta compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, in an amount effective to inhibit cell proliferation.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method of inhibiting cancercell invasiveness in a subject, comprising administering to the subjecta compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, in an amount effective to inhibit cell invasiveness.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method of inducing apoptosisin cancer cells in a subject, comprising administering to the subject acompound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, in an amount effective to induce apoptosis.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method of inhibiting cancercell metastasis in a subject, comprising administering to the subject acompound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, in an amount effective to inhibit cell metastasis.

In another aspect, the invention provides a method of inhibitingangiogenesis in a subject, comprising administering to the subject acompound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof, in an amount effective to inhibit angiogenesis.

In frequent embodiments of the methods provided herein, the abnormalcell growth is cancer. In some such embodiments, the cancer is selectedfrom the group consisting of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, bladdercancer, uterine cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer (including NSCLC,SCLC, squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma), esophageal cancer,head and neck cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer (including RCC),liver cancer (including HCC), pancreatic cancer, stomach (i.e., gastric)cancer and thyroid cancer. In further embodiments of the methodsprovided herein, the cancer is selected from the group consisting ofbreast cancer, ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, uterine cancer, prostatecancer, lung cancer, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancerand stomach cancer.

In other embodiments, the cancer is breast cancer, including, e.g.,ER-positive/HR-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer;ER-positive/HR-positive, HER2-positive breast cancer; triple negativebreast cancer (TNBC); or inflammatory breast cancer. In someembodiments, the breast cancer is endocrine resistant breast cancer,trastuzumab or pertuzumab resistant breast cancer, or breast cancerdemonstrating primary or acquired resistance to CDK4/CDK6 inhibition. Insome embodiments, the breast cancer is advanced or metastatic breastcancer.

In some embodiments, the compound of the invention is administered asfirst line therapy. In other embodiments, the compound of the inventionis administered as second (or later) line therapy. In some embodiments,the compound of the invention is administered as second (or later) linetherapy following treatment with an endocrine therapeutic agent and/or aCDK4/CDK6 inhibitor. In some embodiments, the compound of the inventionis administered as second (or later) line therapy following treatmentwith an endocrine therapeutic agent, e.g., an aromatase inhibitor, aSERM or a SERD. In some embodiments, the compound of the invention isadministered as second (or later) line therapy following treatment witha CDK4/CDK6 inhibitor. In some embodiments, the compound of theinvention is administered as second (or later) line therapy followingtreatment with one or more chemotherapy regimens, e.g., includingtaxanes or platinum agents. In some embodiments, the compound of theinvention is administered as second (or later) line therapy followingtreatment with HER2 targeted agents, e.g., trastuzumab.

As used herein, an “effective dosage” or “effective amount” of drug,compound or pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient to affectany one or more beneficial or desired, including biochemical,histological and/or behavioral symptoms, of the disease, itscomplications and intermediate pathological phenotypes presenting duringdevelopment of the disease. For therapeutic use, a “therapeuticallyeffective amount” refers to that amount of a compound being administeredwhich will relieve to some extent one or more of the symptoms of thedisorder being treated. In reference to the treatment of cancer, atherapeutically effective amount refers to that amount which has theeffect of (1) reducing the size of the tumor, (2) inhibiting (that is,slowing to some extent, preferably stopping) tumor metastasis, (3)inhibiting to some extent (that is, slowing to some extent, preferablystopping) tumor growth or tumor invasiveness, (4) relieving to someextent (or, preferably, eliminating) one or more signs or symptomsassociated with the cancer, (5) decreasing the dose of other medicationsrequired to treat the disease, and/or (6) enhancing the effect ofanother medication, and/or (7) delaying the progression of the diseasein a patient.

An effective dosage can be administered in one or more administrations.For the purposes of this invention, an effective dosage of drug,compound, or pharmaceutical composition is an amount sufficient toaccomplish prophylactic or therapeutic treatment either directly orindirectly. As is understood in the clinical context, an effectivedosage of drug, compound or pharmaceutical composition may or may not beachieved in conjunction with another drug, compound or pharmaceuticalcomposition.

“Tumor” as it applies to a subject diagnosed with, or suspected ofhaving, a cancer refers to a malignant or potentially malignant neoplasmor tissue mass of any size and includes primary tumors and secondaryneoplasms. A solid tumor is an abnormal growth or mass of tissue thatusually does not contain cysts or liquid areas. Examples of solid tumorsare sarcomas, carcinomas, and lymphomas. Leukaemia's (cancers of theblood) generally do not form solid tumors (National Cancer Institute,Dictionary of Cancer Terms).

“Tumor burden” or “tumor load’, refers to the total amount of tumorousmaterial distributed throughout the body. Tumor burden refers to thetotal number of cancer cells or the total size of tumor(s), throughoutthe body, including lymph nodes and bone marrow. Tumor burden can bedetermined by a variety of methods known in the art, such as, e.g.,using callipers, or while in the body using imaging techniques, e.g.,ultrasound, bone scan, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI) scans.

The term “tumor size” refers to the total size of the tumor which can bemeasured as the length and width of a tumor. Tumor size may bedetermined by a variety of methods known in the art, such as, e.g., bymeasuring the dimensions of tumor(s) upon removal from the subject,e.g., using callipers, or while in the body using imaging techniques,e.g., bone scan, ultrasound, CR or MRI scans.

As used herein, “subject” refers to a human or animal subject. Incertain preferred embodiments, the subject is a human.

The term “treat” or “treating” a cancer as used herein means toadminister a compound of the present invention to a subject havingcancer, or diagnosed with cancer, to achieve at least one positivetherapeutic effect, such as, for example, reduced number of cancercells, reduced tumor size, reduced rate of cancer cell infiltration intoperipheral organs, or reduced rate of tumor metastases or tumor growth,reversing, alleviating, inhibiting the progress of, or preventing thedisorder or condition to which such term applies, or one or moresymptoms of such disorder or condition. The term “treatment”, as usedherein, unless otherwise indicated, refers to the act of treating as“treating” is defined immediately above. The term “treating” alsoincludes adjuvant and neo-adjuvant treatment of a subject.

For the purposes of this invention, beneficial or desired clinicalresults include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following:reducing the proliferation of (or destroying) neoplastic or cancerouscell; inhibiting metastasis or neoplastic cells; shrinking or decreasingthe size of a tumor; remission of the cancer; decreasing symptomsresulting from the cancer; increasing the quality of life of thosesuffering from the cancer; decreasing the dose of other medicationsrequired to treat the cancer; delaying the progression of the cancer;curing the cancer; overcoming one or more resistance mechanisms of thecancer; and/or prolonging survival of patients the cancer. Positivetherapeutic effects in cancer can be measured in several ways (see, forexample, W. A. Weber, Assessing tumor response to therapy, J. Nucl. Med.50 Suppl. 1:1S-10S (2009). For example, with respect to tumor growthinhibition (T/C), according to the National Cancer Institute (NCI)standards, a T/C less than or equal to 42% is the minimum level ofanti-tumor activity. A T/C<10% is considered a high anti-tumor activitylevel, with T/C (%)=median tumor volume of the treated/median tumorvolume of the control x 100.

In some embodiments, the treatment achieved by a compound of theinvention is defined by reference to any of the following: partialresponse (PR), complete response (CR), overall response (OR),progression free survival (PFS), disease free survival (DFS) and overallsurvival (OS). PFS, also referred to as “Time to Tumor Progression”indicates the length of time during and after treatment that the cancerdoes not grow and includes the amount of time patients have experienceda CR or PR, as well as the amount of time patients have experiencedstable disease (SD). DFS refers to the length of time during and aftertreatment that the patient remains free of disease. OS refers to aprolongation in life expectancy as compared to naïve or untreatedsubjects or patients. In some embodiments, response to a combination ofthe invention is any of PR, CR, PFS, DFS, OR or OS that is assessedusing Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 responsecriteria.

The treatment regimen for a compound of the invention that is effectiveto treat a cancer patient may vary according to factors such as thedisease state, age, and weight of the patient, and the ability of thetherapy to elicit an anti-cancer response in the subject. While anembodiment of any of the aspects of the invention may not be effectivein achieving a positive therapeutic effect in every subject, it shoulddo so in a statistically significant number of subjects as determined byany statistical test known in the art such as the Student's t-test, thechi2-test the U-test according to Mann and Whitney, the Kruskal-Wallistest (H-test), Jonckheere-Terpstrat-testy and the Wilcon on-test.

The terms “treatment regimen”, “dosing protocol” and “dosing regimen”are used interchangeably to refer to the dose and timing ofadministration of each compound of the invention, alone or incombination with another therapeutic agent.

“Ameliorating” means a lessening or improvement of one or more symptomsupon treatment with a combination described herein, as compared to notadministering the combination. “Ameliorating” also includes shorteningor reduction in duration of a symptom.

“Abnormal cell growth”, as used herein, unless otherwise indicated,refers to cell growth that is independent of normal regulatorymechanisms (e.g., loss of contact inhibition). Abnormal cell growth maybe benign (not cancerous), or malignant (cancerous).

Abnormal cell growth includes the abnormal growth of: (1) tumor cells(tumors) that show increased expression of CDK4 and/or CDK6; (2) tumorsthat proliferate by aberrant CDK4 and/or CDK6 activation; and (3) tumorsthat are resistant to endocrine therapy, CDK4/6 inhibition, or HER2antagonists.

The term “additional anticancer therapeutic agent” as used herein meansany one or more therapeutic agent, other than a compound of theinvention, that is or can be used in the treatment of cancer. In someembodiments, such additional anticancer therapeutic agents includecompounds derived from the following classes: mitotic inhibitors,alkylating agents, antimetabolites, antitumor antibiotics,anti-angiogenesis agents, topoisomerase I and II inhibitors, plantalkaloids, hormonal agents and antagonists, growth factor inhibitors,radiation, signal transduction inhibitors, such as inhibitors of proteintyrosine kinases and/or serine/threonine kinases, cell cycle inhibitors,biological response modifiers, enzyme inhibitors, antisenseoligonucleotides or oligonucleotide derivatives, cytotoxics,immuno-oncology agents, and the like.

In some embodiments, the additional anticancer agent is an endocrineagent, such as an aromatase inhibitor, a SERD or a SERM. In some suchembodiments, a compound of the invention may be administered incombination with a standard of care agent, such as tamoxifen,exemestane, letrozole, fulvestrant, or anastrozole.

In other embodiments, a compound of the invention may be administered incombination with a chemotherapeutic agent, such as docetaxel,paclitaxel, paclitaxel protein-bound particles, cisplatin, carboplatin,oxaliplatin, capecitabine, gemcitabine or vinorelbine,

In some embodiments, the additional anticancer agent is ananti-angiogenesis agent, including for example VEGF inhibitors, VEGFRinhibitors, TIE-2 inhibitors, PDGFR inhibitors, angiopoetin inhibitors,PKCβ inhibitors, COX-2 (cyclooxygenase II) inhibitors, integrins(alpha-v/beta-3), MMP-2 (matrix-metalloproteinase 2) inhibitors, andMMP-9 (matrix-metalloproteinase 9) inhibitors. Preferredanti-angiogenesis agents include sunitinib (Sutent™), bevacizumab(Avastin™), axitinib (AG 13736), SU 14813 (Pfizer), and AG 13958(Pfizer). Additional anti-angiogenesis agents include vatalanib (CGP79787), Sorafenib (Nexavar™), pegaptanib octasodium (Macugen™),vandetanib (Zactima™), PF-0337210 (Pfizer), SU 14843 (Pfizer), AZD 2171(AstraZeneca), ranibizumab (Lucentis™), Neovastat™ (AE 941),tetrathiomolybdata (Coprexa™), AMG 706 (Amgen), VEGF Trap (AVE 0005),CEP 7055 (Sanofi-Aventis), XL 880 (Exelixis), telatinib (BAY 57-9352),and CP-868,596 (Pfizer). Other anti-angiogenesis agents includeenzastaurin (LY 317615), midostaurin (CGP 41251), perifosine (KRX 0401),teprenone (Selbex™) and UCN 01 (Kyowa Hakko). Other examples ofanti-angiogenesis agents include celecoxib (Celebrex™), parecoxib(Dynastat™), deracoxib (SC 59046), lumiracoxib (Preige™) valdecoxib(Bextra™), rofecoxib (Vioxx™), iguratimod (Careram™), IP 751 (Invedus),SC-58125 (Pharmacia) and etoricoxib (Arcoxia™). Yet furtheranti-angiogenesis agents include exisulind (Aptosyn™), salsalate(Amigesic™), diflunisal (Dolobid™), ibuprofen (Motrin™), ketoprofen(Orudis™), nabumetone (Relafen™), piroxicam (Feldene™), naproxen(Aleve™, Naprosyn™) diclofenac (Voltaren™), indomethacin (Indocin™),sulindac (Clinoril™), tolmetin (Tolectin™) etodolac (Lodine™), ketorolac(Toradol™), and oxaprozin (Daypro™). Yet further anti-angiogenesisagents include ABT 510 (Abbott), apratastat (TMI 005), AZD 8955(AstraZeneca), incyclinide (Metastat™), and PCK 3145 (Procyon). Yetfurther anti-angiogenesis agents include acitretin (Neotigason™),plitidepsin (Aplidine™), cilengtide (EMD 121974), combretastatin A4(CA4P), fenretinide (4 HPR), halofuginone (Tempostatin™), Panzem™(2-methoxyestradiol), PF-03446962 (Pfizer), rebimastat (BMS 275291),catumaxomab (Removab™), lenalidomide (Revlimid™), squalamine (EVIZON™),thalidomide (Thalomid™), Ukrain™ (NSC 631570), Vitaxin™ (MEDI 522), andzoledronic acid (Zometa™).

In other embodiments, the additional anti-cancer agent is a signaltransduction inhibitor (e.g., inhibiting the means by which regulatorymolecules that govern the fundamental processes of cell growth,differentiation, and survival communicated within the cell). Signaltransduction inhibitors include small molecules, antibodies, andantisense molecules. Signal transduction inhibitors include for examplekinase inhibitors (e.g., tyrosine kinase inhibitors or serine/threoninekinase inhibitors) and cell cycle inhibitors. More specifically signaltransduction inhibitors include, for example, farnesyl proteintransferase inhibitors, EGF inhibitor, ErbB-1 (EGFR), ErbB-2, pan erb,IGF1R inhibitors, MEK, c-Kit inhibitors, FLT-3 inhibitors, K-Rasinhibitors, PI3 kinase inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, STAT inhibitors, Rafkinase inhibitors, Akt inhibitors, mTOR inhibitor, P70S6 kinaseinhibitors, inhibitors of the WNT pathway and multi-targeted kinaseinhibitors.

Additional examples of anti-cancer agents which may be used inconjunction with a compound of the invention and pharmaceuticalcompositions described herein include palbociclib (Ibrance®), ribociclib(Kisqali®), abemaciclib (Verzenio®), BMS 214662 (Bristol-Myers Squibb),lonafarnib (Sarasar™), pelitrexol (AG 2037), matuzumab (EMD 7200),nimotuzumab (TheraCIM h-R3™), panitumumab (Vectibix™), Vandetanib(Zactima™), pazopanib (SB 786034), ALT 110 (Alteris Therapeutics), BIBW2992 (Boehringer Ingelheim), and Cervene™ (TP 38). Other examplesinclude gefitinib (Iressa®), cetuximab (Erbitux®), erlotinib (Tarceva®),trastuzumab (Herceptin®), ado-trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla®),pertuzumab (Perjeta®), osimertinib (Tagrisso®), atezolizumab(Tecentriq™), sunitinib (Sutent®), ibrutinib (Imbruvica®), imatinib(Gleevec®), crizotinib (Xalkor®), lorlatinib (Lorbrena®), dacomitinib(Vizimpro®), bosutinib (Bosulif®), glasdegib (Daurismo™), canertinib (CI1033), lapatinib (Tycerb™), pelitinib (EKB 569), miltefosine(Miltefosin™), BMS 599626 (Bristol-Myers Squibb), Lapuleucel-T(Neuvenge™) NeuVax™ (E75 cancer vaccine), Osidem™ (IDM 1), mubritinib(TAK-165), CP-724,714 (Pfizer), panitumumab (Vectibix™), ARRY 142886(Array Biopharm), everolimus (Certican™) zotarolimus (Endeavor™),temsirolimus (Torisel™), AP 23573 (ARIAD), and VX680 (Vertex), XL 647(Exelixis), sorafenib (Nexavar™), LE-AON (Georgetown University), andGI-4000 (Globelmmune). Other signal transduction inhibitors include ABT751 (Abbott), alvocidib (flavopiridol), BMS 387032 (Bristol Myers), EM1421 (Erimos), indisulam (E 7070), seliciclib (CYC 200), BIO 112 (OncBio), BMS 387032 (Bristol-Myers Squibb), and AG 024322 (Pfizer), or PD-1or PD-L1 antagonists, e.g., pembrolizumab (Keytruda®), nivolumab(Opdivo™), or avelumab (Bavencio®).

In other embodiments, the additional anti-cancer agent is a so-calledclassical antineoplastic agent. Classical antineoplastic agents includebut are not limited to hormonal modulators such as hormonal,anti-hormonal, androgen agonist, androgen antagonist and anti-estrogentherapeutic agents, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, DNAmethyltransferase inhibitors, silencing agents or gene activatingagents, ribonucleases, proteosomics, Topoisomerase I inhibitors,Camptothecin derivatives, Topoisomerase II inhibitors, alkylatingagents, antimetabolites, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)inhibitor (such as, e.g., talazoparib (Talzenna®), olaparib, rucaparib,niraparib, iniparib, veliparib), microtubulin inhibitors, antibiotics,plant derived spindle inhibitors, platinum-coordinated compounds, genetherapeutic agents, antisense oligonucleotides, vascular targetingagents (VTAs), and statins. Examples of classical antineoplastic agentsused in combination therapy with a compound of the invention, optionallywith one or more other agents include, but are not limited to,glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone, prednisone, prednisolone,methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, and progestins such asmedroxyprogesterone, megestrol acetate (Megace), mifepristone (RU-486),Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs; such as tamoxifen,raloxifene, lasofoxifene, afimoxifene, arzoxifene, bazedoxifene,fispemifene, ormeloxifene, ospemifene, tesmilifene, toremifene,trilostane and CHF 4227 (Cheisi), Selective Estrogen-ReceptorDownregulators (SERD's; such as fulvestrant), exemestane (Aromasin),anastrozole (Arimidex), atamestane, fadrozole, letrozole (Femara),formestane; gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH; also commonly referredto as luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [LHRH]) agonists such asbuserelin (Suprefact), goserelin (Zoladex), leuprorelin (Lupron), andtriptorelin (Trelstar), abarelix (Plenaxis), cyproterone, flutamide(Eulexin), megestrol, nilutamide (Nilandron), and osaterone,dutasteride, epristeride, finasteride, Serenoa repens, PHL 00801,abarelix, goserelin, leuprorelin, triptorelin, bicalutamide;antiandrogen agents, such as enzalutamide (Xtandi®), abirateroneacetate, bicalutamide (Casodex); and combinations thereof. Otherexamples of classical antineoplastic agents used in combination with acompound of the invention include but are not limited to PARPinhibitors, such as talazoparib, olapariv, rucaparib, niraparib,iniparib, veliparib; suberolanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA, MerckInc./Aton Pharmaceuticals), depsipeptide (FR901228 or FK228), G2M-777,MS-275, pivaloyloxymethyl butyrate and PXD-101; Onconase (ranpirnase),PS-341 (MLN-341), Velcade (bortezomib), 9-aminocamptothecin, belotecan,BN-80915 (Roche), camptothecin, diflomotecan, edotecarin, exatecan(Daiichi), gimatecan, 10-hydroxycamptothecin, irinotecan HCl(Camptosar), lurtotecan, Orathecin (rubitecan, Supergen), SN-38,topotecan, camptothecin, 10-hydroxycamptothecin, 9-aminocamptothecin,irinotecan, SN-38, edotecarin, topotecan, aclarubicin, adriamycin,amonafide, amrubicin, annamycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin,elsamitrucin, epirubicin, etoposide, idarubicin, galarubicin,hydroxycarbamide, nemorubicin, novantrone (mitoxantrone), pirarubicin,pixantrone, procarbazine, rebeccamycin, sobuzoxane, tafluposide,valrubicin, Zinecard (dexrazoxane), nitrogen mustard N-oxide,cyclophosphamide, AMD-473, altretamine, AP-5280, apaziquone,brostallicin, bendamustine, busulfan, carboquone, carmustine,chlorambucil, dacarbazine, estramustine, fotemustine, glufosfamide,ifosfamide, KW-2170, lomustine, mafosfamide, mechlorethamine, melphalan,mitobronitol, mitolactol, mitomycin C, mitoxatrone, nimustine,ranimustine, temozolomide, thiotepa, and platinum-coordinated alkylatingcompounds such as cisplatin, carboplatin, eptaplatin, lobaplatin,nedaplatin, oxaliplatin, streptozocin, satrplatin, and combinationsthereof.

In still other embodiments, the additional anti-cancer agent is a socalled dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors (such as methotrexate andNeuTrexin (trimetresate glucuronate)), purine antagonists (such as6-mercaptopurine riboside, mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, cladribine,clofarabine (Clolar), fludarabine, nelarabine, and raltitrexed),pyrimidine antagonists (such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), Alimta(premetrexed disodium, LY231514, MTA), capecitabine (Xeloda™) cytosinearabinoside, Gemzar™ (gemcitabine, Eli Lilly), Tegafur (UFT Orzel orUforal and including TS-1 combination of tegafur, gimestat and otostat),doxifluridine, carmofur, cytarabine (including ocfosfate, phosphatestearate, sustained release and liposomal forms), enocitabine,5-azacitidine (Vidaza), decitabine, and ethynylcytidine) and otherantimetabolites such as eflornithine, hydroxyurea, leucovorin,nolatrexed (Thymitaq), triapine, trimetrexate,N-(5-[N-(3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-4-oxoquinazolin-6-ylmethyl)-N-methylamino]-2-thenoyl)-L-glutamicacid, AG-014699 (Pfizer Inc.), ABT-472 (Abbott Laboratories), INO-1001(Inotek Pharmaceuticals), KU-0687 (KuDOS Pharmaceuticals) and GPI 18180(Guilford Pharm Inc) and combinations thereof.

Other examples of classical antineoplastic cytotoxic agents include, butare not limited to, Abraxane (Abraxis BioScience, Inc.), Batabulin(Amgen), EPO 906 (Novartis), Vinflunine (Bristol-Myers Squibb Company),actinomycin D, bleomycin, mitomycin C, neocarzinostatin (Zinostatin),vinblastine, vincristine, vindesine, vinorelbine (Navelbine), docetaxel(Taxotere), Ortataxel, paclitaxel (including Taxoprexin a DHA/paciltaxelconjugate), cisplatin, carboplatin, Nedaplatin, oxaliplatin (Eloxatin),Satraplatin, Camptosar, capecitabine (Xeloda), oxaliplatin (Eloxatin),Taxotere alitretinoin, Canfosfamide (Telcyta™), DMXAA (Antisoma),ibandronic acid, L-asparaginase, pegaspargase (Oncaspar™), Efaproxiral(Efaproxyn™—radiation therapy), bexarotene (Targretin™), Tesmilifene(DPPE—enhances efficacy of cytotoxics), Theratope™ (Biomira), Tretinoin(Vesanoid™), tirapazamine (Trizaone™), motexafin gadolinium (Xcytrin™)Cotara™ (mAb), and NBI-3001 (Protox Therapeutics),polyglutamate-paclitaxel (Xyotax™) and combinations thereof. Furtherexamples of classical antineoplastic agents include, but are not limitedto, as Advexin (ING 201), TNFerade (GeneVec, a compound which expressTNFalpha in response to radiotherapy), RB94 (Baylor College ofMedicine), Genasense (Oblimersen, Genta), Combretastatin A4P (CA4P),Oxi-4503, AVE-8062, ZD-6126, TZT-1027, Atorvastatin (Lipitor, PfizerInc.), Provastatin (Pravachol, Bristol-Myers Squibb), Lovastatin(Mevacor, Merck Inc.), Simvastatin (Zocor, Merck Inc.), Fluvastatin(Lescol, Novartis), Cerivastatin (Baycol, Bayer), Rosuvastatin (Crestor,AstraZeneca), Lovostatin, Niacin (Advicor, Kos Pharmaceuticals), Caduet,Lipitor, torcetrapib, and combinations thereof.

In some embodiments, the additional anti-cancer agent is an epigeneticmodulator, for example an inhibitor or EZH2, SMARCA4, PBRM1, ARID1A,ARID2, ARID1B, DNMT3A, TET2, MLL1/2/3, NSD1/2, SETD2, BRD4, DOT1L,HKMTsanti, PRMT1-9, LSD1, UTX, IDH1/2 orBCL6.

In further embodiments, the additional anti-cancer agent is animmunomodulatory agent, such as an inhibitor of CTLA-4, PD-1 or PD-L1(e.g., pembrolizumab, nivolumab or avelumab), LAG-3, TIM-3, TIGIT,4-1BB, OX40, GITR, CD40, or a CAR-T-cell therapy.

As used herein “cancer” refers to any malignant and/or invasive growthor tumor caused by abnormal cell growth. Cancer includes solid tumorsnamed for the type of cells that form them, cancer of blood, bonemarrow, or the lymphatic system. Examples of solid tumors includesarcomas and carcinomas. Cancers of the blood include, but are notlimited to, leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma. Cancer also includes primarycancer that originates at a specific site in the body, a metastaticcancer that has spread from the place in which it started to other partsof the body, a recurrence from the original primary cancer afterremission, and a second primary cancer that is a new primary cancer in aperson with a history of previous cancer of a different type from thelatter one.

In some embodiments of the methods provided herein, the cancer isselected from the group consisting of breast cancer, ovarian cancer,bladder cancer, uterine cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer (includingNSCLC), esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, liver cancer,pancreatic cancer and stomach cancer.

Dosage Forms and Regimens

Administration of the compounds of the invention may be affected by anymethod that enables delivery of the compounds to the site of action.These methods include oral routes, intraduodenal routes, parenteralinjection (including intravenous, subcutaneous, intramuscular,intravascular or infusion), topical, and rectal administration.

Dosage regimens may be adjusted to provide the optimum desired response.For example, a single bolus may be administered, several divided dosesmay be administered over time or the dose may be proportionally reducedor increased as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeuticsituation. It is especially advantageous to formulate parenteralcompositions in dosage unit form for ease of administration anduniformity of dosage. Dosage unit form, as used herein, refers tophysically discrete units suited as unitary dosages for the mammaliansubjects to be treated; each unit containing a predetermined quantity ofactive compound calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect inassociation with the required pharmaceutical carrier. The specificationfor the dosage unit forms of the invention are dictated by and directlydependent on (a) the unique characteristics of the chemotherapeuticagent and the particular therapeutic or prophylactic effect to beachieved, and (b) the limitations inherent in the art of compoundingsuch an active compound for the treatment of sensitivity in individuals.

Thus, the skilled artisan would appreciate, based upon the disclosureprovided herein, that the dose and dosing regimen is adjusted inaccordance with methods well-known in the therapeutic arts. That is, themaximum tolerable dose can be readily established, and the effectiveamount providing a detectable therapeutic benefit to a patient may alsobe determined, as can the temporal requirements for administering eachagent to provide a detectable therapeutic benefit to the patient.Accordingly, while certain dose and administration regimens areexemplified herein, these examples in no way limit the dose andadministration regimen that may be provided to a patient in practicingthe present invention.

It is to be noted that dosage values may vary with the type and severityof the condition to be alleviated and may include single or multipledoses. It is to be further understood that for any particular subject,specific dosage regimens should be adjusted over time according to theindividual need and the professional judgment of the personadministering or supervising the administration of the compositions, andthat dosage ranges set forth herein are exemplary only and are notintended to limit the scope or practice of the claimed composition. Forexample, doses may be adjusted based on pharmacokinetic orpharmacodynamic parameters, which may include clinical effects such astoxic effects and/or laboratory values. Thus, the present inventionencompasses intra-patient dose-escalation as determined by the skilledartisan. Determining appropriate dosages and regimens for administrationof the chemotherapeutic agent are well-known in the relevant art andwould be understood to be encompassed by the skilled artisan onceprovided the teachings disclosed herein.

The amount of the compound of the invention administered will bedependent on the subject being treated, the severity of the disorder orcondition, the rate of administration, the disposition of the compoundand the discretion of the prescribing physician. However, an effectivedosage is in the range of about 0.001 to about 100 mg per kg body weightper day, preferably about 1 to about 35 mg/kg/day, in single or divideddoses. For a 70 kg human, this would amount to about 0.05 to about 7g/day, preferably about 0.1 to about 2.5 g/day. In some instances,dosage levels below the lower limit of the aforesaid range may be morethan adequate, while in other cases still larger doses may be employedwithout causing any harmful side effect, provided that such larger dosesare first divided into several small doses for administration throughoutthe day.

Formulations and Routes of Administration

As used herein, a “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier” refers to acarrier or diluent that does not cause significant irritation to anorganism and does not abrogate the biological activity and properties ofthe administered compound.

The pharmaceutical acceptable carrier may comprise any conventionalpharmaceutical carrier or excipient. The choice of carrier and/orexcipient will to a large extent depend on factors such as theparticular mode of administration, the effect of the carrier orexcipient on solubility and stability, and the nature of the dosageform.

Suitable pharmaceutical carriers include inert diluents or fillers,water and various organic solvents (such as hydrates and solvates). Thepharmaceutical compositions may, if desired, contain additionalingredients such as flavorings, binders, excipients and the like. Thusfor oral administration, tablets containing various excipients, such ascitric acid may be employed together with various disintegrants such asstarch, alginic acid and certain complex silicates and with bindingagents such as sucrose, gelatin and acacia. Examples, withoutlimitation, of excipients include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate,various sugars and types of starch, cellulose derivatives, gelatin,vegetable oils and polyethylene glycols. Additionally, lubricatingagents such as magnesium stearate, sodium lauryl sulfate and talc areoften useful for tableting purposes. Solid compositions of a similartype may also be employed in soft and hard filled gelatin capsules.Non-limiting examples of materials, therefore, include lactose or milksugar and high molecular weight polyethylene glycols. When aqueoussuspensions or elixirs are desired for oral administration the activecompound therein may be combined with various sweetening or flavoringagents, coloring matters or dyes and, if desired, emulsifying agents orsuspending agents, together with diluents such as water, ethanol,propylene glycol, glycerin, or combinations thereof.

The pharmaceutical composition may, for example, be in a form suitablefor oral administration as a tablet, capsule, pill, powder, sustainedrelease formulations, solution suspension, for parenteral injection as asterile solution, suspension or emulsion, for topical administration asan ointment or cream or for rectal administration as a suppository.

Exemplary parenteral administration forms include solutions orsuspensions of active compounds in sterile aqueous solutions, forexample, aqueous propylene glycol or dextrose solutions. Such dosageforms may be suitably buffered, if desired.

The pharmaceutical composition may be in unit dosage forms suitable forsingle administration of precise dosages.

Pharmaceutical compositions suitable for the delivery of compounds ofthe invention and methods for their preparation will be readily apparentto those skilled in the art. Such compositions and methods for theirpreparation can be found, for example, in ‘Remington's PharmaceuticalSciences’, 19th Edition (Mack Publishing Company, 1995), the disclosureof which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The compounds of the invention may be administered orally. Oraladministration may involve swallowing, so that the compound enters thegastrointestinal tract, or buccal or sublingual administration may beemployed by which the compound enters the blood stream directly from themouth.

Formulations suitable for oral administration include solid formulationssuch as tablets, capsules containing particulates, liquids, or powders,lozenges (including liquid-filled), chews, multi- and nano-particulates,gels, solid solution, liposome, films (including muco-adhesive), ovules,sprays and liquid formulations.

Liquid formulations include suspensions, solutions, syrups and elixirs.Such formulations may be used as fillers in soft or hard capsules andtypically include a carrier, for example, water, ethanol, polyethyleneglycol, propylene glycol, methylcellulose, or a suitable oil, and one ormore emulsifying agents and/or suspending agents. Liquid formulationsmay also be prepared by the reconstitution of a solid, for example, froma sachet.

The compounds of the invention may also be used in fast-dissolving,fast-disintegrating dosage forms such as those described in ExpertOpinion in Therapeutic Patents, 11(6), 981-986 by Liang and Chen (2001),the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety.

For tablet dosage forms, depending on dose, the drug may make up from 1wt % to 80 wt % of the dosage form, more typically from 5 wt % to 60 wt% of the dosage form. In addition to the drug, tablets generally containa disintegrant. Examples of disintegrants include sodium starchglycolate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, calcium carboxymethylcellulose, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, polyvinylpyrrolidone,methyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, lower alkyl-substitutedhydroxypropyl cellulose, starch, pregelatinized starch and sodiumalginate. Generally, the disintegrant will comprise from 1 wt % to 25 wt%, preferably from 5 wt % to 20 wt % of the dosage form.

Binders are generally used to impart cohesive qualities to a tabletformulation. Suitable binders include microcrystalline cellulose,gelatin, sugars, polyethylene glycol, natural and synthetic gums,polyvinylpyrrolidone, pregelatinized starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose andhydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Tablets may also contain diluents, suchas lactose (monohydrate, spray-dried monohydrate, anhydrous and thelike), mannitol, xylitol, dextrose, sucrose, sorbitol, microcrystallinecellulose, starch and dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate.

Tablets may also optionally include surface active agents, such assodium lauryl sulfate and polysorbate 80, and glidants such as silicondioxide and talc. When present, surface active agents are typically inamounts of from 0.2 wt % to 5 wt % of the tablet, and glidants typicallyfrom 0.2 wt % to 1 wt % of the tablet.

Tablets also generally contain lubricants such as magnesium stearate,calcium stearate, zinc stearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, and mixturesof magnesium stearate with sodium lauryl sulphate. Lubricants generallyare present in amounts from 0.25 wt % to 10 wt %, preferably from 0.5 wt% to 3 wt % of the tablet.

Other conventional ingredients include anti-oxidants, colorants,flavoring agents, preservatives and taste-masking agents.

Exemplary tablets contain up to about 80 wt % drug, from about 10 wt %to about 90 wt % binder, from about 0 wt % to about 85 wt % diluent,from about 2 wt % to about 10 wt % disintegrant, and from about 0.25 wt% to about 10 wt % lubricant.

Tablet blends may be compressed directly or by roller to form tablets.Tablet blends or portions of blends may alternatively be wet-, dry-, ormelt-granulated, melt congealed, or extruded before tableting. The finalformulation may include one or more layers and may be coated oruncoated; or encapsulated.

The formulation of tablets is discussed in detail in “PharmaceuticalDosage Forms: Tablets, Vol. 1”, by H. Lieberman and L. Lachman, MarcelDekker, N.Y., N.Y., 1980 (ISBN 0-8247-6918-X), the disclosure of whichis incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Solid formulations for oral administration may be formulated to beimmediate and/or modified release. Modified release formulations includedelayed-, sustained-, pulsed-, controlled-, targeted and programmedrelease.

Suitable modified release formulations are described in U.S. Pat. No.6,106,864. Details of other suitable release technologies such as highenergy dispersions and osmotic and coated particles can be found inVerma et al, Pharmaceutical Technology On-line, 25(2), 1-14 (2001). Theuse of chewing gum to achieve controlled release is described in WO00/35298. The disclosures of these references are incorporated herein byreference in their entireties.

The compounds of the invention may also be administered directly intothe blood stream, into muscle, or into an internal organ. Suitable meansfor parenteral administration include intravenous, intraarterial,intraperitoneal, intrathecal, intraventricular, intraurethral,intrasternal, intracranial, intramuscular and subcutaneous. Suitabledevices for parenteral administration include needle (including microneedle) injectors, needle-free injectors and infusion techniques.

Parenteral formulations are typically aqueous solutions which maycontain excipients such as salts, carbohydrates and buffering agents(preferably to a pH of from 3 to 9), but, for some applications, theymay be more suitably formulated as a sterile non-aqueous solution or asa dried form to be used in conjunction with a suitable vehicle such assterile, pyrogen-free water.

The preparation of parenteral formulations under sterile conditions, forexample, by lyophilization, may readily be accomplished using standardpharmaceutical techniques well known to those skilled in the art.

The solubility of compounds of the invention used in the preparation ofparenteral solutions may be increased by the use of appropriateformulation techniques, such as the incorporation ofsolubility-enhancing agents.

Formulations for parenteral administration may be formulated to beimmediate and/or modified release. Modified release formulations includedelayed-, sustained-, pulsed-, controlled-, targeted and programmedrelease. Thus, compounds of the invention may be formulated as a solid,semi-solid, or thixotropic liquid for administration as an implanteddepot providing modified release of the active compound. Examples ofsuch formulations include drug-coated stents and PGLA microspheres.

The compounds of the invention may also be administered topically to theskin or mucosa, that is, dermally or transdermally. Typical formulationsfor this purpose include gels, hydrogels, lotions, solutions, creams,ointments, dusting powders, dressings, foams, films, skin patches,wafers, implants, sponges, fibers, bandages and microemulsions.Liposomes may also be used. Typical carriers include alcohol, water,mineral oil, liquid petrolatum, white petrolatum, glycerin, polyethyleneglycol and propylene glycol. Penetration enhancers may be incorporated;see, for example, J Pharm Sci, 88 (10), 955-958 by Finnin and Morgan(October 1999). Other means of topical administration include deliveryby electroporation, iontophoresis, phonophoresis, sonophoresis and microneedle or needle-free (e.g. Powderject™, Bioject™, etc.) injection. Thedisclosures of these references are incorporated herein by reference intheir entireties.

Formulations for topical administration may be formulated to beimmediate and/or modified release. Modified release formulations includedelayed-, sustained-, pulsed-, controlled-, targeted and programmedrelease.

The compounds of the invention can also be administered intranasally orby inhalation, typically in the form of a dry powder (either alone, as amixture, for example, in a dry blend with lactose, or as a mixedcomponent particle, for example, mixed with phospholipids, such asphosphatidylcholine) from a dry powder inhaler or as an aerosol sprayfrom a pressurized container, pump, spray, atomizer (preferably anatomizer using electrohydrodynamics to produce a fine mist), ornebulizer, with or without the use of a suitable propellant, such as1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane or 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane. Forintranasal use, the powder may include a bioadhesive agent, for example,chitosan or cyclodextrin.

The pressurized container, pump, spray, atomizer, or nebulizer containsa solution or suspension of the compound(s) of the invention comprising,for example, ethanol, aqueous ethanol, or a suitable alternative agentfor dispersing, solubilizing, or extending release of the active, apropellant(s) as solvent and an optional surfactant, such as sorbitantrioleate, oleic acid, or an oligolactic acid.

Prior to use in a dry powder or suspension formulation, the drug productis micronized to a size suitable for delivery by inhalation (typicallyless than 5 microns). This may be achieved by any appropriatecomminuting method, such as spiral jet milling, fluid bed jet milling,supercritical fluid processing to form nanoparticles, high pressurehomogenization, or spray drying.

Capsules (made, for example, from gelatin or HPMC), blisters andcartridges for use in an inhaler or insufflator may be formulated tocontain a powder mix of the compound of the invention, a suitable powderbase such as lactose or starch and a performance modifier such asI-leucine, mannitol, or magnesium stearate. The lactose may be anhydrousor in the form of the monohydrate, preferably the latter. Other suitableexcipients include dextran, glucose, maltose, sorbitol, xylitol,fructose, sucrose and trehalose.

A suitable solution formulation for use in an atomizer usingelectrohydrodynamics to produce a fine mist may contain from 1 μg to 20mg of the compound of the invention per actuation and the actuationvolume may vary from 1 μL to 100 μL. A typical formulation includes acompound of the invention, propylene glycol, sterile water, ethanol andsodium chloride. Alternative solvents which may be used instead ofpropylene glycol include glycerol and polyethylene glycol.

Suitable flavors, such as menthol and levomenthol, or sweeteners, suchas saccharin or saccharin sodium, may be added to those formulations ofthe invention intended for inhaled/intranasal administration.

Formulations for inhaled/intranasal administration may be formulated tobe immediate and/or modified release using, for example,poly(DL-lactic-coglycolic acid (PGLA). Modified release formulationsinclude delayed-, sustained-, pulsed-, controlled-, targeted andprogrammed release.

In the case of dry powder inhalers and aerosols, the dosage unit isdetermined by means of a valve which delivers a metered amount. Units inaccordance with the invention are typically arranged to administer ametered dose or “puff” containing a desired mount of the compound of theinvention. The overall daily dose may be administered in a single doseor, more usually, as divided doses throughout the day.

Compounds of the invention may be administered rectally or vaginally,for example, in the form of a suppository, pessary, or enema. Cocoabutter is a traditional suppository base, but various alternatives maybe used as appropriate.

Formulations for rectal/vaginal administration may be formulated to beimmediate and/or modified release. Modified release formulations includedelayed-, sustained-, pulsed-, controlled-, targeted and programmedrelease.

Compounds of the invention may also be administered directly to the eyeor ear, typically in the form of drops of a micronized suspension orsolution in isotonic, pH-adjusted, sterile saline. Other formulationssuitable for ocular and aural administration include ointments,biodegradable (e.g. absorbable gel sponges, collagen) andnon-biodegradable (e.g. silicone) implants, wafers, lenses andparticulate or vesicular systems, such as niosomes or liposomes. Apolymer such as crossed-linked polyacrylic acid, polyvinylalcohol,hyaluronic acid, a cellulosic polymer, for example,hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, or methylcellulose, or a heteropolysaccharide polymer, for example, gelan gum,may be incorporated together with a preservative, such as benzalkoniumchloride. Such formulations may also be delivered by iontophoresis.

Formulations for ocular/aural administration may be formulated to beimmediate and/or modified release. Modified release formulations includedelayed-, sustained-, pulsed-, controlled-, targeted, or programmedrelease.

Other Technologies

Compounds of the invention may be combined with soluble macromolecularentities, such as cyclodextrin and suitable derivatives thereof orpolyethylene glycol-containing polymers, in order to improve theirsolubility, dissolution rate, taste-masking, bioavailability and/orstability for use in any of the aforementioned modes of administration.

Drug-cyclodextrin complexes, for example, are found to be generallyuseful for most dosage forms and administration routes. Both inclusionand non-inclusion complexes may be used. As an alternative to directcomplexation with the drug, the cyclodextrin may be used as an auxiliaryadditive, i.e. as a carrier, diluent, or solubilizer. Most commonly usedfor these purposes are alpha-, beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins, examplesof which may be found in PCT Publication Nos. WO 91/11172, WO 94/02518and WO 98/55148, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein byreference in their entireties.

The amount of the active compound administered will be dependent on thesubject being treated, the severity of the disorder or condition, therate of administration, the disposition of the compound and thediscretion of the prescribing physician. However, an effective dosage istypically in the range of about 0.001 to about 100 mg per kg body weightper day, and frequently about 0.01 to about 35 mg/kg/day, in single ordivided doses. For a 70 kg human, this would amount to about 0.07 mg/dayto about 7000 mg/day, more commonly, from about 10 mg/day to about 1000mg/day. Sometimes, the dosage is about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100,125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 275, 300, 325, 350, 375, 400, 425, 450,475, 500, 525, 550, 575, 600, 625, 650, 675, 700, 750, 800, 900 or 1000mg/day. Sometimes, the dosage is from about 10 mg/day to about 1000mg/day, from about 10 mg/day to about 750 mg/day, from about 10 mg/dayto about 600 mg/day, from about 10 mg/day to about 300 mg/day, fromabout 10 mg/day to about 150 mg/day, from about 20 mg/day to about 750mg/day, from about 20 mg/day to about to 600 mg/day, from about 20mg/day to about to 300 mg/day, from about 20 mg/day to about to 150mg/day, from about 50 mg/day to about 750 mg/day, from about 50 mg/dayto about 600 mg/day, from about 50 mg/day to about 300 mg/day, fromabout 50 mg/day to about 150 mg/day, from about 75 mg/day to about 750mg/day, from about 75 mg/day to about 600 mg/day, from about 75 mg/dayto about 300 mg/day, or from about 75 mg/day to about 150 mg/day.

In some instances, dosage levels below the lower limit of the aforesaidrange may be more than adequate, while in other cases still larger dosesmay be used without causing any harmful side effect, with such largerdoses typically divided into several smaller doses for administrationthroughout the day.

Kit-of-Parts

Inasmuch as it may desirable to administer a combination of activecompounds, for example, for the purpose of treating a particular diseaseor condition, it is within the scope of the present invention that twoor more pharmaceutical compositions, at least one of which contains acompound in accordance with the invention, may conveniently be combinedin the form of a kit suitable for coadministration of the compositions.Thus, the kit of the invention includes two or more separatepharmaceutical compositions, at least one of which contains a compoundof the invention, and means for separately retaining said compositions,such as a container, divided bottle, or divided foil packet. An exampleof such a kit is the familiar blister pack used for the packaging oftablets, capsules and the like.

The kit of the invention is particularly suitable for administeringdifferent dosage forms, for example, oral and parenteral, foradministering the separate compositions at different dosage intervals,or for titrating the separate compositions against one another. Toassist compliance, the kit typically includes directions foradministration and may be provided with a memory aid.

Combination Therapy

As used herein, the term “combination therapy” refers to theadministration of a compound of the invention together with an at leastone additional pharmaceutical or medicinal agent (e.g., an anti-canceragent), either sequentially or simultaneously.

As noted above, the compounds of the invention may be used incombination with one or more additional anti-cancer agents. The efficacyof the compounds of the invention in certain tumors may be enhanced bycombination with other approved or experimental cancer therapies, e.g.,radiation, surgery, chemotherapeutic agents, targeted therapies, agentsthat inhibit other signaling pathways that are dysregulated in tumors,and other immune enhancing agents, such as PD-1 or PD-L1 antagonists andthe like.

When a combination therapy is used, the one or more additionalanti-cancer agents may be administered sequentially or simultaneouslywith the compound of the invention. In one embodiment, the additionalanti-cancer agent is administered to a mammal (e.g., a human) prior toadministration of the compound of the invention. In another embodiment,the additional anti-cancer agent is administered to the mammal afteradministration of the compound of the invention. In another embodiment,the additional anti-cancer agent is administered to the mammal (e.g., ahuman) simultaneously with the administration of the compound of theinvention.

The invention also relates to a pharmaceutical composition for thetreatment of abnormal cell growth in a mammal, including a human, whichcomprises an amount of a compound of the invention, as defined above(including hydrates, solvates and polymorphs of said compound orpharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof), in combination with one ormore (preferably one to three) additional anti-cancer therapeuticagents.

Synthetic Methods

Compounds of the invention are prepared according to the exemplaryprocedures and Schemes provided herein, and modifications thereof knownto those of skill in the art. Scheme 1 shows a general route for makingpyrimidine compounds 6 having varying saturated heterocyclyl orcycloalkyl moieties (comprising Q) and a heteroaromatic ring (comprisingU, V, X, Y and Z). It will be understood that the order of the stepscould be reversed.

As exemplified in Scheme 1, substituted dichloropyrimidines 1 aresubjected to Suzuki coupling conditions with aryl or heteroarylboronates 2 in the presence of a suitable catalyst (such as Pd(PPh₃)₄ orPd(PPh₃)₂C₂) and a suitable base (such as Na₂CO₃ or K₂CO₃) in a suitablesolvent system (such as dioxane:water or DME:water) to afford an aryl-or heteroaryl-substituted chloropyrimidines 4. Alternatively, aryl orheteroaryl bromides 3 can be utilized in the Suzuki cross-couplingfollowing treatment of the bromo compound with bis(pinacolato)diboron, asuitable catalyst (such as Pd(OAc)₂ or Pd(dppf)Cl₂), ligand (such asPCy₃) and base (such as KOAc or NaOAc) in a suitable solvent (such asDMSO or dioxane). The resulting heterobiaryl intermediates 4 are treatedunder nucleophilic chloride displacement conditions with a primaryheterocyclylamine or cycloalkylamine 5 in the presence of a suitablebase (such as DIPEA) in a suitable solvent (e.g., DMSO), to affordamino-substituted pyrimidine compounds 6. When intermediate 4 is reactedwith a primary heterocyclylamine, Q in 5 and 6 represents anappropriately substituted amino group (e.g., NR¹¹), an appropriatelyprotected amino group (e.g., a carbamoyl, tetrahyrdopyranyl ortrialkylsilyl protected amine) or oxygen. When intermediate 4 is reactedwith a primary cycloalkylamine, Q in 5 and 6 represents an optionallysubstituted carbon.

Alternatively, the heterobiaryl intermediates 4 can be subjected toBuchwald-Hartwig coupling conditions in the presence of a suitable amine5, a suitable catalyst (e.g., Pd₂(dba)₃,chloro-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-ferrocen-1-yl-(dinorbornylphosphine)-palladiumor Pd(OAc)₂, BINAP and a suitable base (e.g., Cs₂CO₃) in a suitablesolvent (such as THF, dioxane or 2-methyl-2-butanol) to afford thecompounds 6.

It will be understood that reactive functional groups present at anyposition in intermediates 1 to 5 and penultimate compounds 6 may bemasked using suitable protecting groups known to those of skill in theart. For examples, such compounds may contain amine or hydroxyl moietiesmasked with protecting groups (such as tert-butylcarbamate ortetrahydropyran) that can be removed via conditions known in art (suchas TFA or HCl) in a suitable solvent. In some embodiments, Q in compound6 may represent a protected amino group, which is removed under standardconditions to provide a free secondary amine that is further we reactedwith a suitably reactive reagent (e.g., a sulfonyl halide, acyl halide,alkyl halide or the like) to install the R¹¹ substituent.

Analogous reactions could be used to prepare the corresponding pyridinederivatives, as exemplified in the examples herein.

General Synthetic Methods:

Abbreviations:

The following abbreviations are used throughout the Examples: “Ac” meansacetyl, “AcO” or “OAc” means acetoxy, “ACN” means acetonitrile, “aq”means aqueous, “atm” means atmosphere(s), “BOC”, “Boc” or “boc” meansN-tert-butoxycarbonyl, “Bn” means benzyl, “Bu” means butyl, “nBu” meansnormal-butyl, “tBu” means tert-butyl, “DBU” means1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, “Cbz” means benzyloxycarbonyl, “DCM”(CH₂Cl₂) means methylene chloride, “de” means diastereomeric excess,“DEA” means diethylamine, “DIPEA” means diisopropyl ethyl amine, “DMA”means N,N-dimethylacetamide, “DME” means 1,2-dimethoxyethane, “DMF”means N,N-dimethyl formamide, “DMSO” means dimethylsulfoxide, “EDTA”means ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, “ee” means enantiomeric excess,“Et” means ethyl, “EtOAc” means ethyl acetate, “EtOH” means ethanol,“HOAc” or “AcOH” means acetic acid, “i-Pr” or “^(i)Pr” means isopropyl,“IPA” means isopropyl alcohol, “LAH” means lithium aluminum hydride,“LHMDS” means lithium hexamethyldisilazide (lithiumbis(trimethylsilyl)amide), “mCPBA” means meta-chloroperoxy-benzoic acid,“Me” means methyl, “MeOH” means methanol, “MS” means mass spectrometry,“MTBE” means methyl tert-butyl ether, “NCS” means N-chlorosuccinimide,“Ph” means phenyl, “TBHP” means tert-butyl hydroperoxide, “TFA” meanstrifluoroacetic acid, “THF” means tetrahydrofuran, “SFC” meanssupercritical fluid chromatography, “TLC” means thin layerchromatography, “Rf” means retention fraction, “˜” means approximately,“rt” means retention time, “h” means hours, “min” means minutes, “equiv”means equivalents, “sat.” means saturated.

As exemplified in Scheme I, a compound such as I (purchased orsynthesized) can be borylated with B₂Pin₂ in the presence of a suitablecatalyst system (such as PdCl₂(dppf) or Pd(OAc)₂+PCy₃) with a suitablebase (such as KOAc) in an appropriate solvent (such as 1,4-dioxane orDMSO) to provide a compound such as II. A compound such as II can begenerated and reacted in-situ. Alternatively, a compound such as II canbe isolated prior to subsequent reactions to provide the correspondingboronic acid or BPin ester. A compound such as II can undergo arylationwith an aryl chloride such as III under standard Suzuki cross-couplingconditions in the presence of a suitable catalyst (such as Pd(PPh₃)₄ orPdCl₂(PPh₃)₂) with a suitable base (such as K₂CO₃ or Na₂CO₃) in anappropriate solvent (such as DMSO or 1,4-dioxane) to provide a compoundsuch as IV. A compound such as IV can be coupled with an amine such as Vto provide a compound such as VI under standard nucleophilic aromaticsubstitution conditions (S_(N)Ar) in the presence of a suitable base(such as DIPEA) in an appropriate solvent (such as DMSO). Alternatively,a compound such as IV can be coupled with an amine such as V to providea compound such as VI under standard Buchwald-Hartwig couplingconditions in the presence of a suitable catalyst system (such asPd(OAc)₂+rac-BINAP orchloro-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-ferrocen-1-yl-(dinorbornylphosphine)palladiumcomplex) with a suitable base (such as Cs₂CO₃) in an appropriate solvent(such as THF or 1,4-dioxane). In some cases a compound such as VI maycontain protecting groups, which can be removed by an additional step inthe synthetic sequence using conditions known in the art (ProtectiveGroups in Organic Synthesis, A. Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1981 orProtecting groups, 10 Georg Thieme Verlag, 1994). Compounds at everystep may be purified by standard techniques, such as columnchromatography, crystallization, or reverse phase SFC or HPLC. Ifnecessary, separation of the enantiomers of VI may be carried out understandard methods known in the art such as chiral SFC or HPLC to affordsingle enantiomers. Variables Q, U, V, X, Z, R¹, and R⁷, and R⁹ are asdefined as in the embodiments, schemes, examples, and claims herein.

As shown in Scheme II, a compound such a VII (prepared as in Scheme I)can be coupled to an aryl chloride such as VIII under standard Suzukicross-coupling conditions with a suitable catalyst system (such asPd(t-Bu₃P)₂) with a suitable base (such as K₂CO₃) in an appropriatesolvent (such as 1,4-dioxane) to provide a compound such as IX. Acompound such as IX can be oxidized with a suitable oxidant (such asoxone) to provide a compound such as X. A compound such as X can becoupled to an amine such as XI under standard S_(N)Ar conditions in thepresence of a suitable base (such as Na₂CO₃) in an appropriate solvent(such as THF) to provide a compound such as XII. Compounds at every stepmay be purified by standard techniques, such as column chromatography,crystallization, or reverse phase SFC or HPLC. Variables R¹, and R⁴ areas defined as in the embodiments, schemes, examples, and claims herein.

As shown in Scheme III, an aryl bromide such as compound XIII can beconverted to a boronate ester such as compound XIV with B₂Pin₂ in thepresence of a suitable catalyst (such as Pd₂Cl₂(dppf)) with a suitablebase (such as KOAc) in an appropriate solvent (such as 1,4-dioxane). Acompound such as XIV can be generated and used in-situ or isolated toprovide the corresponding boronate ester. A compound such as XIV can becoupled with an aryl chloride such as compound III under standard Suzukicross-coupling conditions with a suitable catalyst (such asPdCl₂(PPh₃)₂) and suitable base (such as Na₂CO₃) in an appropriatesolvent (such as 1,4-dioxane) to provide a compound such as XV. Acompound such as XV can be converted to a compound such as XVI in thepresence of excess i-PrNH₂ in an appropriate solvent (such as DMSO). Acompound such as XVI can be cyclized with an aldehyde such as XVII inthe presence of a suitable reductant (such as Na₂S₂O₄) in an appropriatesolvent (such as EtOH) to provide a compound such as XVIII. A compoundsuch as XVIII can be coupled with an amine such as XIX under standardBuchwald-Hartwig conditions in the presence of a suitable catalystsystem (such as Pd(OAc)₂+rac-BINAP) and a suitable base (such as Cs₂CO₃)in an appropriate solvent system (such as 1,4-dioxane or THF) to providea compound such as XX. Compounds at every step may be purified bystandard techniques, such as column chromatography, crystallization, orreverse phase SFC or HPLC. Variables Q, R¹, R⁴, R⁶, and R⁷ are asdefined as in the embodiments, schemes, examples, and claims herein.

As shown in Scheme IV, a compound such as XXI (prepared as in Scheme I)can be coupled with an aryl chloride such as compound XXII understandard Suzuki cross-coupling conditions with a suitable catalyst (suchas PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂) and a suitable base (such as Na₂CO₃) in an appropriatesolvent (such as 1,4-dioxane) to provide a compound such as XXIII. Acompound such as XXIII can be coupled with an amine such as XIX understandard Buchwald-Hartwig coupling conditions with a suitable palladiumcatalyst system (such as Bretphos-Pd-G3 or Pd₂(dba)₃+rac-BINAP) with asuitable base (such as t-BuONa, Cs₂CO₃, or phosphazene P₂-Et) in anappropriate solvent (such as 1,4-dioxane or PhMe) to provide a compoundsuch as XXIV. In some cases a compound such as XXIV may containprotecting groups, which can be removed by an additional step in thesynthetic sequence using conditions known in the art (Protective Groupsin Organic Synthesis, A. Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1981 orProtecting groups, 10 Georg Thieme Verlag, 1994). Compounds at everystep may be purified by standard techniques, such as columnchromatography, crystallization, or reverse phase SFC or HPLC. VariablesQ, Z, R², R⁴, and R⁶, are as defined as in the embodiments, schemes,examples, and claims herein.

As shown in Scheme V, an amine such as XI can be coupled with an arylfluoride such as XXV to provide a compound such as XXVI under standardS_(N)Ar conditions with a suitable base (such as DIPEA) in anappropriate solvent (such as DMSO). A compound such as XXVI can coupledwith a compound such as XXVII (prepared as in Scheme I) under standardSuzuki cross-coupling conditions with a suitable catalyst (such asPdCl₂(PPh₃)₂) with a suitable base (such as Na₂CO₃) in an appropriatesolvent (such as 1,4-dioxane) to provide a compound such as XXVIII.Compounds at every step may be purified by standard techniques, such ascolumn chromatography, crystallization, or reverse phase SFC or HPLC.

As shown in Scheme VI, a compound such as XXIX (Prepared as in Scheme Ior Scheme IV) can be converted to a compound such as XXX under variousconditions well known in the art including:

-   -   i. Carbamate formation with a chloroformate in the presence of a        suitable base (such as NEt₃) in an appropriate solvent (such as        DCM) to provide a compound such as XXX wherein R¹¹═CO₂R¹⁷.    -   ii. Tertiary amine formation in the presence of a aldehyde under        standard reductive amination conditions with a suitable reducing        agent (such as NaBH₃CN) in a suitable solvent (such as MeOH) or        alkylation with an alkyl halide with a suitable base (such as        NaHCO₃) in an appropriate solvent (such as EtOAc) to provide a        compound such as XXX where in R¹¹═C₁-C₂ alkyl.    -   iii. Sulfonamide formation with a sulfonyl chloride in the        presence of a suitable base (such as NaHCO₃) in an appropriate        solvent (such as EtOAc) to provide a compound such as XXX where        in R¹¹═SO₂R¹⁴    -   iv. Amide formation via acylation with an anhydride in the        presence of a suitable base (such as TEA) in an appropriate        solvent (such as DCM) or a carboxylic acid in the presence of a        suitable coupling agent (such as HATU or EDCI) and a suitable        base (such as DIPEA) in an appropriate solvent (such as DCM or        DMF) to provide a compound such as XXX where in R¹¹═COR¹⁷

In some cases, a compound such as XXX may contain protecting groups,which can be removed by an additional step in the synthetic sequenceusing conditions known in the art (Protective Groups in OrganicSynthesis, A. Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1981 or Protecting groups,10 Georg Thieme Verlag, 1994). Compounds at every step may be purifiedby standard techniques, such as column chromatography, crystallization,or reverse phase SFC or HPLC. If necessary, separation of theenantiomers of XXX may be carried out under standard methods known inthe art such as chiral SFC or HPLC to afford single enantiomers.

Variables U, V, W, X, Z, R¹, R⁷, R¹¹, R¹⁴, and R¹⁷ are as defined as inthe embodiments, schemes, examples, and claims herein.

As shown in Scheme VII, a compound such as XXXI (prepared as in SchemeI) can be oxidized with a suitable oxidant (such as MnO₂, SO₃.pyr, orTEMPO/NaClO) in an appropriate solvent (such as CHCl₃ or DCM) to providea compound such as XXXII. A compound such as XXXII can be coupled withan amine such as XI under standard S_(N)Ar conditions in the presence ofa suitable base (such as DIPEA) in an appropriate solvent (such as DMSO)to provide a compound such as XXXIII. Compounds at every step may bepurified by standard techniques, such as column chromatography,crystallization, or reverse phase SFC or HPLC.

A shown in Scheme VIII, a compound such as XXXIV (prepared as in SchemeI) can be converted to a compound such as XXXV by oxidation with asuitable oxidant (such as MnO₂) in an appropriate solvent (such as MeOH)followed by reductive amination in the presence of an amine with asuitable reductant (such as NaBH₃CN) in an appropriate solvent (such asMeCN). Alternatively, a compound such as XXXIV can be activated bytreatment with methanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of a suitablebase (such as TEA) in an appropriate solvent (such as DCM). Subsequentdisplacement of the mesylate with an amine in the presence of NaI and asuitable base (such as DIPEA) in an appropriate solvent (such as MeCN)can provide a compound such as XXXV. Compounds at every step may bepurified by standard techniques, such as column chromatography,crystallization, or reverse phase SFC or HPLC. Variables Q, R²², and R²³are as defined as in the embodiments, schemes, examples, and claimsherein.

As shown in Scheme IX, a ketone such as XXXII (prepared as in SchemeVII) can be treated with a Grignard reagent (such as MeMgBr) in anappropriate solvent (such as THF) to provide a compound such as XXXVI. Acompound such as XXXVI can be coupled with an amine such as XI understandard SNAr conditions in the presence of a suitable base (such asDIPEA) in an appropriate solvent (such as DMSO) to provide a compoundsuch as XXXVII. Compounds at every step may be purified by standardtechniques, such as column chromatography, crystallization or reversephase SFC or HPLC.

Preparation of Intermediates Preparation of(1S)-1-(6-bromo-1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)ethan-1-ol(Int-01) According to Scheme 1

Step 1: Synthesis of 5-bromo-N-tert-butyl-3-fluoro-2-nitroaniline (1b)

To a solution of 5-bromo-1,3-difluoro-2-nitrobenzene (1a) (5.0 g, 21.0mmol) in DMSO (40.0 mL) was added 2-methylpropan-2-amine (1.54 g, 21.0mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (13.7 g, 42 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 40° C.for 3 h. TLC analysis (petroleum ether) showed consumption of thestarting material. The reaction was diluted with H₂O (20 mL) andextracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic phases were washedwith brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residuewas purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, SiO₂, 0-10% EtOAc/petroleumether) to provide 5-bromo-N-tert-butyl-3-fluoro-2-nitroaniline (1b) (5.5g, 90% yield) as a red oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.13-7.01 (m,2H), 6.94 (dd, J=1.9, 11.1 Hz, 1H), 1.40 (s, 9H).

Step 2: Synthesis of(1S)-1-(6-bromo-1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)ethan-1-ol(Int-01)

To a solution of 5-bromo-N-tert-butyl-3-fluoro-2-nitroaniline (1b) (1.5g, 5.2 mmol) and (2S)-2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propanal (1.94g, 10.3 mmol) in EtOH (30.0 mL) and DMSO (7.5 mL) was added Na₂S₂O₄ (4.5g, 25.8 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 80° C. for 16 h. TLC analysis(EtOAc) showed consumption of the starting material. EtOAc (10 mL) andH₂O (5 mL) were added and the layers were separated. The aqueous layerwas extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases werewashed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂, 0-20%EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide(1S)-1-(6-bromo-1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)ethan-1-ol(Int-01) (400 mg, 18% yield) as a yellow oil. m/z (ESI) for(C₁₉H₃₀BrFN₂OSi), 431.1 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of6-bromo-2-(2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propan-2-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-02) According to Scheme 2

Step 1: Synthesis of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline(2b)

A solution of 5-bromo-1,3-difluoro-2-nitrobenzene (1a) (25.0 g, 105mmol) and isopropylamine (8.95 mL, 105 mmol) in DMSO (525 mL) wasstirred at ambient temperature for 4 d, after which the mixture wasconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography(SiO₂, 0-30% EtOAc/heptanes) to provide5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline (2b) (20.3 g, 70% yield)as a red/orange solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.07-6.98 (m, 2H),6.89 (dd, J=2.0, 11.1 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (dd, J=6.4, 13.9 Hz, 1H), 1.26-1.13(m, 6H). m/z (ESI+) for (C₉H₁₀BrFN₂O₂), 278.1 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of6-bromo-2-(2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propan-2-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-02)

To a solution of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline (2b)(1.0 g, 3.2 mmol) and2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-2-methylpropanal (655 mg, 3.2 mmol)in EtOH (8.0 mL) and DMSO (2.0 mL) was added Na₂S₂O₄ (2.82 g, 16.2mmol). The suspension was stirred at 90° C. for 16 h. LCMS analysisshowed consumption of the starting material with formation of thedesired product mass. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (200 mL)and extracted with EtOAc (2×200 mL). The combined organic phases werewashed with brine (150 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (Biotage,40 g SiO₂, 1/10 EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide6-bromo-2-(2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propan-2-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-02) (1.2 g, 86% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ7.51 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (dd, J=1.5, 9.7 Hz, 1H), 5.62 (td, J=7.0,14.0 Hz, 1H), 1.85 (s, 6H), 1.71-1.60 (m, 6H), 0.92 (s, 9H), 0.21-0.17(m, 6H).

Preparation of6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(oxetan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole (Int-03)According to Scheme 3

Step 1: Synthesis of N-(5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitrophenyl)oxetan-3-amine(3a)

To a solution of 5-bromo-1,3-difluoro-2-nitrobenzene (1.5 g, 6.3 mmol)(1a) in DMSO (15.0 mL) was added oxetan-3-amine (507 mg, 6.93 mmol) andCs₂CO₃ (2.46 g, 7.56 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 25° C. for 2 h.TLC analysis (1/4 EtOAc/petroleum ether) showed consumption of thestarting material. The reaction was diluted with brine (10 mL) andextracted with EtOAc (2×10 mL). The combined organic phases were washedwith brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residuewas purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, SiO₂, 0-30% EtOAc/petroleumether) to provide N-(5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitrophenyl)oxetan-3-amine (3a)(1.0 g, 55% yield) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.59(br d, J=5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (dd, J=1.8, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (s, 1H),4.87-4.81 (m, 2H), 4.80-4.71 (m, 1H), 4.60-4.47 (m, 2H).

Step 2: Synthesis of6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(oxetan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole (Int-03)

To a solution of N-(5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitrophenyl)oxetan-3-amine (3a)(500 mg, 1.72 mmol) in EtOH (16.0 mL) and H₂O (4.0 mL) was addedacetaldehyde (2.0 mL, 8.6 mmol) and Na₂S₂O₄ (1.5 g, 8.6 mmol). Thereaction was sealed and stirred at 80° C. with microwave irradiation for10 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of the starting material. Thesolution was cooled and partitioned between EtOAc (40 mL) and H₂O (20mL). The combined layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography(SiO₂, 0-100% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(oxetan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole (Int-03) (100mg, 20% yield) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.95 (s,1H), 7.34 (br d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 5.66 (br t, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 5.11 (br t,J=7.7 Hz, 2H), 5.03-4.88 (m, 2H), 2.55 (s, 3H). m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₁H₁₀BrFN₂O), 284.9 (M+H).

The intermediates in the below table were synthesized according to themethods used for the synthesis of(1S)-1-(6-bromo-1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)ethan-1-ol(Int-01),6-bromo-2-(2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propan-2-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-02) and 6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(oxetan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-03). The following intermediates were synthesized with non-criticalchanges or substitutions to the exemplified procedures that someone whois skilled in the art would be able to realize.

Compound number Structure/IUPAC Name Analytical data Int-04

m/z (ESI+) for (C₉H₈BrFN₂), 242.6 (M + H)⁺ Int-05

m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₉H₃₀BrFN₂OSi), 430.9 (M + H)⁺ Int-06

m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₈H₂₅BrFN₃O₂), 415.9 (M + H)⁺ Int-07

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.79 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (dd, J = 1.5,10.1 Hz, 1H), 5.01-4.91 (m, 4H), 4.80-4.66 (m, 1H), 4.55- 4.42 (m, 1H),1.49 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₃H₁₄BrFN₂O), 324.2 (M + H)⁺Int-08

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.16 (br s, 1H), 7.49 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1H),7.09 (dd, J = 1.5, 9.5 Hz, 1H), 5.84 (br s, 1H), 5.39 (br s, 1H), 1.63(s, 9H), 1.57 (s, 3H), 1.46 (s, 6H), 1.39 (s, 9H); m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₈H₂₃BrFN₃O₂), 357.9 (M − tBu + H)⁺ Int-09

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 9.58 (s, 1H), 7.49 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.12(dd, J = 9.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.24- 5.03 (m, 1H), 4.86 (p, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H),1.66-1.57 (m, 6H), 1.47 (s, 9H), 1.35 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 3H) Int-10

m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₈H₂₇BrF₂N₂OSi), 433.1 (M + H)⁺ Int-11

m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₈H₂₆BrF₃N₂OSi), 451.2 (M + H)⁺ Int-12

m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₈H₂₆BrF₃N₂OSi), 450.8 (M + H)⁺ Int-13

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.32 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (dd, J = 9.6,1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.13 (s, 1H), 4.73 (s, 1H), 3.70 (dt, J = 11.5, 6.2 Hz,1H), 3.47-3.38 (m, 1H), 2.56 (s, 3H), 1.61 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H), 1.41 (s,9H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₈H₂₁BrFN₃O₂), 387.9 (M + H)⁺ Int-14

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.75 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J = 1.5,10.1 Hz, 1H), 4.78 (ddd, J = 4.6, 7.1, 8.9 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (dd, J = 9.2,10.4 Hz, 1H), 3.62 (dd, J = 4.5, 10.5 Hz, 1H), 3.18 (s, 3H), 2.55 (s,3H), 1.52 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H); m/z (APCI+) for (C₁₂H₁₄BrFN₂O), 301.0,303.0 (M + H)⁺ Int-15

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.97 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (dd, J =10.2, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 5.77-5.53 (m, 1H), 5.12 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 4.98(dd, J = 7.8, 5.3 Hz, 2H), 2.88 (q, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 1.29 (t, J = 7.4Hz, 3H); m/z (APCI+) for (C₁₂H₁₂BrFN₂O), 298.9 (M + H)⁺ Int-16

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.77-7.53 (m, 1H), 7.21 (br d, J = 10.0 Hz,1H), 7.09-6.92 (m, 1H), 6.65 (dd, J = 2.0, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.71- 4.60 (m,1H), 4.45-4.33 (m,1H), 3.83-3.60 (m, 2H), 1.61- 1.46 (m, 5H), 1.32-1.20(m, 8H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₆H₂₁BrFN₃O₂), 387.9 (M + H)⁺ Int-17

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.63 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (dd, J = 1.5,9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.31-5.12 (m, 1H), 4.94 (s, 2H), 2.98-2.81 (m, 2H),2.65-2.49 (m, 2H), 2.06- 1.87 (m, 2H), 0.92-0.90 (m, 9H), 0.10-0.07 (m,6H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₈H₂₆BrFN₂OSi), 414.8 (M + H)⁺ Int-18

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.51 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (dd, J = 1.5,9.5 Hz, 1H), 5.27 (dquin, J = 3.7, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (s, 2H), 3.60- 3.41(m, 2H), 3.32-3.17 (m, 2H), 0.92-0.90 (m, 9H), 0.12- 0.10 (m, 6H); m/z(ESI+) for (C₁₈H₂₄BrF₃N₂OSi), (M + H)⁺

Preparation of[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]methanol (Int-19)According to Scheme 4

A mixture of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline (2b) (994mg g, 3.59 mmol), Na₂S₂O₄ (3.12 g, 17.9 mmol), and glycolaldehyde dimer(517 mg, 4.30 mmol) in EtOH/H₂O (4:1, 50 mL) was stirred at 80° C. for21 h. The mixture was concentrated and partitioned between H₂O (100 mL)and EtOAc (100 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous phaseextracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL). The combined organic phases were washedwith water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The crude product was purified by flash chromatography(SiO₂, 40-100% EtOAc/heptanes) to provide[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]methanol (Int-19)(790 mg, 77% yield) as a white waxy solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ7.81 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (dd, J=10.1, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 5.71 (t, J=5.8Hz, 1H), 4.95 (hept, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 1.56 (d,J=6.9 Hz, 6H); m/z (APCl+) for (C₁₁H₁₂BrFN₂O), 286.8 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-{[(oxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-20) According to Scheme 5

A solution of[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]methanol (Int-19)(590 mg, 2.05 mmol), 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran (1.21 g, 1.3 mL, 14.4 mmol)and p-TSA acid monohydrate (35.4 mg, 0.205 mmol) in THF (21 mL) wasstirred at reflux temperature for 4 h. The mixture was concentrated andpurified by flash chromatography (SiO₂, 20-50% EtOAc/heptanes) toprovide6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-{[(oxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-20) (710 mg, 93% yield) as a viscous yellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 7.85 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (dd, J=10.1, 1.5 Hz, 1H),4.95-4.85 (m, 2H), 4.77-4.72 (m, 2H), 3.81-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.56-3.49 (m,1H), 1.74-1.61 (m, 2H), 1.58 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 6H), 1.55-1.45 (m, 4H); m/z(APCl+) for (C₁₆H₂₀BrFN₂O₂), 370.9 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-(methoxymethyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-21) According to Scheme 6

To a solution of[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]methanol (Int-19)(134 mg, 0.467 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (4.67 mL) was added KOtPn (25% intoluene, 0.265 mL, 0.560 mmol). To the resultant dark reaction mixtureat 0° C. was added MeI (66.2 mg, 0.029 mL, 0.467 mmol). After 15 minLCMS analysis showed consumption of the starting material with formationof the desired product mass. H₂O (5 mL) was added and the mixture wasextracted with DCM (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified byflash chromatography (12 g SiO₂, 0-100% EtOAc/heptanes) to provide(Int-21) (85 mg, 60% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.50 (d, J=1.47Hz, 1H) 7.12 (dd, J=9.54, 1.47 Hz, 1H) 4.91 (dt, J=13.94, 6.97 Hz, 1H)4.75 (s, 2H) 3.38 (s, 3H) 1.63 (d, J=6.97 Hz, 6H).

Preparation of 6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-22) According to Scheme 7

Step 1: Synthesis of5-bromo-3-fluoro-N¹-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (7a)

To a solution of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline (2b)(25.0 g, 90.2 mmol) in MeOH (300 mL) was added saturated aqueous NH₄Cl(150 mL) and Fe (25.2 g, 451 mmol). The reaction suspension was heatedto 60° C. and stirred at this temperature for 3 h. LCMS analysis showedconsumption of the starting material. The reaction suspension wasfiltered and the filter cake was washed with EtOAc. The filtrate wasconcentrated. The residue was taken up in EtOAc (200 mL) and filtered.The filtrate was washed with H₂O (200 mL). The combined aqueous washeswere extracted with EtOAc (2×200 mL). The combined organic phases weredried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to provide5-bromo-3-fluoro-N¹-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (7a) (21.0 g, 94%yield). m/z (ESI+) for (C₉H₁₂BrFN₂), 246.7 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of 6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-22)

A solution of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-N¹-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (7a)(3.86 g, 15.6 mmol) in HC(OEt)₃ (100 mL) was stirred at 150° C. for 15h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of the starting material withformation of the desired product mass. The solution was cooled to roomtemperature and concentrated to provide6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole (Int-22) (4.02 g, >99%yield) as a black oil, which was taken on without further purification.H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.04 (d, J=3.3 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (dd, J=2.0, 10.0Hz, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 3.69-3.56 (m, 1H), 1.15 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 6H); m/z(ESI+) for (C₁₀H₁₀BrFN₂), 258.7 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of 6-bromo-1-tert-butyl-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole (Int-23)According to Scheme 8

Synthesis of 6-bromo-1-tert-butyl-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole (Int-23)

A mixture of 4-bromo-N²-tert-butylbenzene-1,2-diamine (8a) (1.3 g, 5.35mmol) and triethyl orthoacetate (8.7 g, 53.5 mmol) was stirred at 148°C. for 1 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of the starting materialwith formation of the desired product mass. The solution was cooled toroom temperature and concentrated. The residue was purified by flashchromatography (20 g SiO₂, 20% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide6-bromo-1-tert-butyl-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole (Int-23) (1.23 g, 95%yield) as a yellow oil. m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₂H₁₅BrN₂), 268.7 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of6-bromo-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole (Int-24)According to Scheme 9

Step 1: Synthesis of 5-bromo-4-fluoro-2-nitro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline(9b)

To a suspension of 1-bromo-2,5-difluoro-4-nitrobenzene (9a) (1.0 g, 4.2mmol) in THF (10 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (581, 4.2 mmol) and i-PrNH₂ (248mg, 4.2 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h.LCMS analysis showed consumption of the starting material with formationof the desired product mass. The reaction solution was diluted with H₂O(30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic phaseswere washed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 20g SiO₂, 10% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide5-bromo-4-fluoro-2-nitro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline (9b) (900 mg, 77% yield)as a yellow solid. m/z (ESI+) for (C₉H₁₀BrFN₂O₂), 276.7 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of5-bromo-4-fluoro-N¹-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (9c)

To a solution of 5-bromo-4-fluoro-2-nitro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline (9b)(1.9 g, 6.9 mmol) in MeOH (30 mL) was added saturated aqueous NH₄Cl (15mL) and Fe⁰ (1.9 g, 34.3 mmol). The reaction suspension was stirred at60° C. for 16 h overnight. LCMS analysis showed consumption of thestarting material with formation of the desired product mass. Thereaction suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed withEtOH (50 mL). The combined filtrate was diluted with H₂O (100 mL) andextracted with EtOAc (2×80 mL). The combined organic phases were driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude residue was purifiedby flash chromatography (40 g SiO₂, 1:2 EtOAc/petroleum ether) toprovide 5-bromo-4-fluoro-N-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (9c) (900mg, 53% yield) as a brown gum. m/z (ESI+) for (C₉H₁₂BrFN₂), 246.7(M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of6-bromo-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole (Int-24)

A mixture of 5-bromo-4-fluoro-N¹-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (9c)(800 mg, 3.24 mmol) and triethyl orthoacetate (5.3 g, 32.4 mmol) wasstirred at 148° C. for 1 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of thestarting material with formation of the desired product. The solutionwas cooled to room temperature and concentrated. The residue wascombined with a parallel reaction run on 100 mg scale and purified byflash chromatography (20 g SiO₂, 100% EtOAc) to provide6-bromo-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole (Int-24) (500mg, 51% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.99 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 7.51(d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.74 (spt, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.55 (s, 3H), 1.53 (d,J=7.0 Hz, 6H); m/z (ESI+) for (CH₁₂BrFN₂), 270.9 (M+H)⁺.

The intermediates in the below table were synthesized according to themethods used for the synthesis of6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole (Int-22),6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole (Int-23), and6-bromo-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole (Int-24). Thefollowing intermediates were synthesized with non-critical changes orsubstitutions to the exemplified procedures that someone who is skilledin the art would be able to realize.

Compound number Structure/IUPAC Name Analytical data Int-25

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.34 (s, 1H), 7.85 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.34(dd, J = 10.3, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 5.30 (ddt, J = 8.4, 5.8, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 4.13(td, J = 8.4, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.01 (dd, J = 10.0, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 3.93 (dd, J= 10.0, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.87-3.78 (m, 1H), 2.59-2.53 (m, 1H), 2.26-2.13 (m,1H).; m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₁H₁₀BrFN₂O), 258.7 (M + H)⁺ Int-26

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.15(dd, J = 1.5, 9.8 Hz, 1H), 3.36 (td, J = 3.5, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 1.24-1.17 (m,2H), 1.10-1.03 (m, 2H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₀H₈BrFN₂), 256.7 (M + H)⁺Int-27

m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₆H₂₁BrFN₃O₂), 387.6 (M + H)⁺ Int-28

m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₇H₂₃BrFN₃O₂), 400.0 (M + H)⁺

Preparation of tert-butyl{[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]methyl}methycarbamate(Int-29) According to Scheme 10

To a solution of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-N¹-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine(7a) (300 mg, 1.2 mmol) and tert-butyl methyl (2-oxoethyl) carbamate(421 mg, 2.43 mmol) in EtOH (4.0 mL) and DMSO (1.0 mL) was added Na₂S₂O₄(1.1 g, 6.1 mmol). The suspension was stirred at 80° C. for 16 h. LCMSanalysis showed consumption of the starting material with formation ofthe desired product mass. The mixture was concentrated to dryness. Theresidue was purified by flash chromatography (Biotage, 20 g SiO₂, 25%EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide tert-butyl{[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]methyl}methylcarbamate(Int-29) (400 mg, 82% yield) as a yellow oil. m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₇H₂₃BrFN₃O₂), 401.6 (M+H)⁺.

The intermediates in the below table were synthesized according to themethods used for the synthesis of tert-butyl{[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]methyl}methylcarbamate(Int-29). The following intermediates were synthesized with non-criticalchanges or substitutions to the exemplified procedures that someone whois skilled in the art would be able to realize.

Compound number Structure/IUPAC Name Analytical data Int-30

m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₈H₂₅BrFN₃O₂), 415.7 (M + H)⁺ Int-31

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDC₃) δ 7.50 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (dd, J = 9.6,1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (s, 2H), 1.60 (s, 7H), 0.92 (s, 9H), 0.15 (s, 6H); m/z(ESI+) for (C₁₈H₂₆BrFN₂OSi), 414.9 (M + H)⁺

Preparation of6-bromo-4-fluoro-N-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-2-carboxamide(Int-32) According to Scheme 11

Step 1: Synthesis of ethyl6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-2-carboxylate (11a)

To a solution of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-N¹-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine(7a) (1.0 g, 4.05 mmol) and ethyl 2-oxoacetate (1.65 g, 8.09 mmol) inEtOH (20.0 mL) and DMSO (5.0 mL) was added Na₂S204 (3.5 g, 20.2 mmol).The suspension was stirred at 80° C. for 16 h. LCMS analysis showedconsumption of the starting material with formation of the desiredproduct mass. The mixture was diluted with H₂O (15 mL) and extractedwith EtOAc (15 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flashchromatography (ISCO, 20 g SiO₂, 25% EtOAc/heptanes) to provide ethyl6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-2-carboxylate (11a)(500 mg, 38% yield) as a solid. m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₃H₁₄BrFN₂O₂), 328.7(M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of6-bromo-4-fluoro-N-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-2-carboxamide(Int-32)

A mixture of ethyl6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-2-carboxylate (11a)(200 mg, 0.608 mmol), DIPEA (236 mg, 1.82 mmol), and MeNH₂ (22.6 mg,0.729 mmol) in DMA (8.0 mL) was stirred at 80° C. for 16 h. LCMSanalysis showed consumption of the starting material with formation ofthe desired product mass. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (15 mL) andwashed with H₂O (15 mL). The combined organic phases were dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The material obtained was combinedthe product of a parallel reaction run with 48 mg of ethyl6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-2-carboxylate toprovide6-bromo-4-fluoro-N-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-2-carboxamide(Int-32) (200 mg, 83% yield). m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₂H₁₃BrFN₃O), 313.7(M+H)⁺.

Preparation of6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-2-carboxamide (Int-33)According to Scheme 12

Ethyl 6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-2-carboxylate(11a) (200 mg, 0.608 mmol) was dissolved in a solution of ammonia inMeOH (7.0 N, 15 mL) and stirred at 85-90° C. for 16 h. LCMS analysisshowed consumption of the starting material with formation of thedesired product mass. The reaction mixture was cooled to roomtemperature and concentrated to provide (Int-33) (190 mg, >99% yield) asa solid. m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₁H₁₁BrFN₃O), 299.7 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of tert-butyl{1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-yl}carbamate(Int-34) According to Scheme 13

Step 1: Synthesis of tert-butyl(4-{4-bromo-2-fluoro-6-[(propan-2-yl)amino]anilino}-2-methyl-4-oxobutan-2-yl)carbamate(13a)

To a stirring solution of5-bromo-3-fluoro-N¹-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (7a) (1.1 g, 4.5mmol) in pyridine (10.0 mL) was added3-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-3-methylbutanoic acid (967 mg, 4.5 mmol)and EDCI (1.7 g, 8.9 mmol) at 0° C. under an atmosphere of N₂. Themixture was stirred at 25° C. for 4 h. LCMS analysis showed consumptionof starting material with formation of the desired product mass. Thesolution was diluted with H₂O (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×20mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flashchromatography (ISCO, 20 g SiO₂, 0-50% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-amine(13a) (1.6 g, 81% yield) as a white solid. m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₉H₂₉BrFN₃O₃), 446.1 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-amine(13b)

This reaction was run in three parallel batches. To the solid1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-amine(13a) (600 mg, 1.8 mmol) was added a solution of HCl (4.0 M in1,4-dioxane, 10.0 mL). The mixture was stirred at 130° C. for 15 minunder microwave irradiation. LCMS analysis showed consumption of thestarting material with formation of the desired product mass. The threereaction batches were combined and concentrated to dryness. The residuewas taken up in H₂O (10 mL) and the mixture was basified with NH₄OH topH˜9. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL). The combinedorganic phases were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated to provide1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-amine(13b) (1.2 g, >99% yield). m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₄H₁₉BrFN₃), 329.9 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of tert-butyl{1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-yl}carbamate(Int-34)

To a solution of1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-amine(13b) (1.2 g, 3.7 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added DIPEA (473 mg, 3.7mmol) and Boc₂O (958 mg, 4.4 mmol) at 0° C. The solution was stirred at25° C. for 18 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of the startingmaterial with formation of the desired product mass. The reaction wasdiluted with H₂O (15 mL) and the layers were separated. The aqueouslayer was extracted with DCM (3×15 mL). The combined organic phases werewashed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 20 g SiO₂, 0-51%EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide tert-butyl{1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-yl}carbamate(Int-34) (1.6 g, >99% yield) as a brown solid. m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₉H₂₇BrFN₃O₂), 430.0 (M+H)⁺.

The intermediate in the below table was synthesized according to themethods used for the synthesis of tert-butyl{1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-2-methylpropan-2-yl}carbamate(Int-34). The following intermediate was synthesized with non-criticalchanges or substitutions to the exemplified procedures that someone whois skilled in the art would be able to realize.

Compound number Structure/IUPAC Name Analytical data Int-35

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.11 (dd, J = 1.1, 9.6 Hz, 1H),6.30-5.97 (m, 1H), 5.72 (br d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 4.72-4.57 (m, 1H),4.52-4.30 (m, 1H), 3.34- 3.13 (m, 2H), 1.70-1.60 (m, 6H), 1.36 (s, 9H);m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₈H₂₃BrF₃N₃O₂), 396.0 (M − tBu + H)⁺

Preparation of6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-(oxetan-2-yl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-36) According to Scheme 14

Step 1: Synthesis ofN-{4-bromo-2-fluoro-6-[(propan-2-yl)amino]phenyl}oxetane-2-carboxamide(14a)

To a solution of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-N¹-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine(7a) (1.0 g, 4.05 mmol) in DMF (10.0 mL) was added oxetane-2-carboxylicacid (413 mg, 4.05 mmol). Then DIPEA (1.6 g, 12.1 mmol) and HATU (2.3 g,6.1 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred for 16 h. TLC analysis(25% EtOAc/petroleum ether) showed consumption of the starting material.The solvent was removed in vacuum. The residue was diluted withsaturated aqueous Na₂CO₃ (100 mL). The solution was extracted with EtOAc(2×100 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered, and concentrated to provideN-{4-bromo-2-fluoro-6-[(propan-2-yl)amino]phenyl}oxetane-2-carboxamide(14a) (1.5 g, 100% yield), which was taken on directly to the next step.

Step 2: Synthesis of3-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-3-hydroxypropylacetate (14b)

A brown solution ofN-{4-bromo-2-fluoro-6-[(propan-2-yl)amino]phenyl}oxetane-2-carboxamide(14a) (1.5 g, 4.5 mmol) in AcOH (20 mL) was stirred at 110° C. for 1.5h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of the starting material withformation of the product mass. The mixture was concentrated to drynessto provide3-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-3-hydroxypropylacetate (14b) (1.5 g, 62% yield), which was taken directly into the nextstep without further purification. m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₅H₁₈BrFN₂O), 374.9(M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]propane-1,3-diol(14c)

To a brown solution of3-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]-3-hydroxypropylacetate (14b) (1.5 g, 2.8 mmol) in MeOH (30 mL) was added K₂CO₃. Themixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. LCMS analysis showedconsumption of the starting material with formation of the product mass.The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated todryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (Biotage, 40 gSiO₂, 0-30% MeOH/EtOAc) to provide1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]propane-1,3-diol(14c) (660 mg, 44% yield, 2 steps) as a pale brown solid. m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₃H₁₆BrFN₂O₂), 332.9 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4: Synthesis of6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-(oxetan-2-yl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-36)

To a solution of1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]propane-1,3-diol(14c) (600 mg, 1.81 mmol) and TEA (275 mg, 2.72 mmol) in DCM (5.0 mL)and THF (5.0 mL) at 0° C. was added a solution of MsCl (208 mg, 7.25mmol) in DCM drop-wise. After 2 h, solid t-BuOK (813 mg, 7.25 mmol) wasadded in one portion. The resulting solution was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 h. TLC analysis (EtOAc) showed consumption of thestarting material. The reaction was concentrated to dryness. The residuewas purified by flash chromatography (Biotage, EtOAc, Rf˜0.5) to provide6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-(oxetan-2-yl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-36) (300 mg, 53% yield) as a brown gum.

Preparation of6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-(oxetan-2-yl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-37) According to Scheme 15

Step 1: Synthesis of tert-butyl(2-{4-bromo-2-fluoro-6-[(propan-2-yl)amino]anilino}-2-oxoethyl)carbamate(15a)

To a solution of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-N¹-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine(7a) (504 mg, 2.4 mmol), N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)glycine (393 mg, 2.2mmol), and HATU (1.2 g, 3.1 mmol) in THF (10.0 mL) at 0° C. was addedDIPEA (0.72 mL, 4.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minand then room temperature for 18 h. LCMS analysis showed completeconsumption of the starting material. The reaction mixture was quenchedwith water and then extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The combined organicphases were washed with brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12g SiO₂, 0-100% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide tert-butyl(2-{4-bromo-2-fluoro-6-[(propan-2-yl)amino]anilino}-2-oxoethyl)carbamate(15a) (810 mg, 98% yield) as a foamy solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ9.06 (s, 1H), 7.22 (t, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (s,1H), 4.98 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (dd, J=6.6,13.8 Hz, 1H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.13 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 6H); m/z (APCl+) for(C₁₆H₂₃BrFN₃O₃), 404.0, 406.1 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of tert-butyl{[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]methyl}carbamate(Int-37)

A solution of tert-butyl(2-{4-bromo-2-fluoro-6-[(propan-2-yl)amino]anilino}-2-oxoethyl)carbamate(15a) (809 mg, 2.0 mmol) in AcOH (4.0 mL) was stirred at 90° C. for 3.5h. LCMS analysis showed some remaining starting material. The reactionwas stirred for an additional 2.5 h at 100° C. The reaction mixture wasconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 12g SiO₂, 0-100% EtOAc/heptanes) to providetert-butyl{[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]methyl}carbamate(Int-37) (547 mg, 70% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆)δ 7.79 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (br. s., 1H), 7.28 (dd, J=1.3, 10.1 Hz,1H), 4.97-4.78 (m, 1H), 4.45 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 1.53 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H),1.39 (s, 9H); m/z (APCl+) for (C₁₆H₂₁BrFN₃O₂), 388.0 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of tert-butyl{1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethyl}carbamate(Int-38) According to Scheme 16

Step 1: Synthesis of tert-butyl(1-{4-bromo-2-fluoro-6-[(propan-2-yl)amino]anilino}-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamate(16a)

To a solution of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-N¹-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine(7a) (900 mg, 3.2 mmol) in DMF (8.0 mL) were addedN-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)alanine, DIPEA (1.26 g, 9.7 mmol), and HATU (1.85g, 4.9 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h.LCMS analysis showed consumption of the starting material with formationof the desired product mass. The reaction mixture was concentrated todryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 20 gSiO₂, 30-50% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide tert-butyl(1-{4-bromo-2-fluoro-6-[(propan-2-yl)amino]anilino}-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamate(16a) (1.14 g, 84% yield) as a white solid.

Step 2: Synthesis of tert-butyl{1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethyl}carbamate(Int-38)

A mixture of tert-butyl(1-{4-bromo-2-fluoro-6-[(propan-2-yl)amino]anilino}-1-oxopropan-2-yl)carbamate(16a) (4.4 g, 10.5 mmol) in AcOH (20 mL) was stirred at 120° C. for 2 h.The solution was diluted with EtOAc (50 mL) and extracted with H₂O (50mL). To the aqueous solution was added THF (100 mL) and Boc₂O (1.09 g,5.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. TLCanalysis showed consumption of the intermediate. The solution wasdiluted with H₂O (30 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (30 mL). The organicphase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residue waspurified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 20 g SiO₂, 25% EtOAc/petroleumether) to provide tert-butyl{1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethyl}carbamate(Int-38) (1.1 g, 26% yield) as a gummy solid. m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₇H₂₃BrFN₃O₂), 401.7 (M+H)⁺.

The intermediate in the below table was synthesized according to themethods used for the synthesis of tert-butyl{1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethyl}carbamate(Int-38). The following intermediate was synthesized with non-criticalchanges or substitutions to the exemplified procedures that someone whois skilled in the art would be able to realize.

Compound number Structure/IUPAC Name Analytical data Int-39

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.41 (s, 1H), 7.02 (d, J = 9.7 Hz, 1H), 4.78(p, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (s, 1H), 3.35 (s, 2H), 1.89-1.59 (m, 8H), 1.54(d, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H), 1.34 (br d, J = 6.7 Hz, 9H); m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₈H₂₆BrFN₂OSi), 454.1 (M + H)⁺

Preparation of(1R)-1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(Int-40) According to Scheme 17

A mixture of the 5-bromo-3-fluoro-N¹-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine(7a) (5.74 g, 23.2 mmol) and (2R)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid (17.4 g, 193mmol) was stirred at 82° C. for 44 h. The dark, viscous mixture wascarefully added into a stirring mixture of DCM (100 mL) and saturatedNaHCO₃ (250 mL) (gas evolution). The biphasic mixture was stirred atambient temperature until gas evolution ceased. The layers wereseparated and the aqueous phase extracted was with DCM (2×100 mL). Thecombined organic phases were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography(SiO₂, 20-80% MTBE/heptanes). The fractions containing product werefurther purified by first concentrating to a minimum volume. Theresulting residue was dissolved in a small volume of MTBE then dilutedwith an equal volume of heptanes. The solution was sonicated, causingprecipitation. The resulting suspension was concentrated until only asmall amount of solvent remained. The supernatant was decanted off. Thesolids were rinsed with 10% MTBE/heptanes followed by heptanes and thendried under vacuum to provide(1R)-1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(Int-40) (4.97 g, 71% yield) as a tan solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ7.79 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (dd, J=1.5, 10.1 Hz, 1H), 5.71 (d, J=6.5Hz, 1H), 5.17-5.00 (m, 2H), 1.62-1.51 (m, 9H); m/z (APCl+) for(C₁₂H₁₄BrFN₂O) 300.8 (M+H)⁺.

The intermediates in the below table were synthesized according to themethods used for the synthesis of(1R)-1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(Int-40). The following intermediates were synthesized with non-criticalchanges or substitutions to the exemplified procedures that someone whois skilled in the art would be able to realize.

Compound number Structure/IUPAC Name Analytical data Int-41

m/z (APCI+) for (C₁₂H₁₄BrFN₂O), 302.7 (M + H)⁺ Int-42

m/z (APCI+) for (C₁₂H₁₄BrFN₂O), 302.9 (M + H)⁺

Preparation of1-[6-bromo-1-(1,1-difluoropropan-2-yl)-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(Int-43) According to Scheme 18

Step 1: Synthesis ofN-{4-bromo-2-[(1,1-difluoropropan-2-yl)amino]-6-fluorophenyl}-2-hydroxypropanamide(18b)

A mixture of5-bromo-N¹-(1,1-difluoropropan-2-yl)-3-fluorobenzene-1,2-diamine (18a)(Prepared as in Scheme 7, 1.0 g, 3.5 mmol) and 2-hydroxypropanoic acid(10.0 mL) was stirred at 85° C. for 16 h. LCMS indicated consumption ofthe starting material with formation of the desired product mass. H₂O(15 mL) and EtOAc (15 mL) were added and the mixture was cooled to 0° C.The mixture was adjusted to pH˜7 with 50% aqueous NaOH. The layers wereseparated. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL). Thecombined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (20 gSiO₂, 0-50% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provideN-{4-bromo-2-[(1,1-difluoropropan-2-yl)amino]-6-fluorophenyl}-2-hydroxypropanamide(18b) (1.0 g, 84% yield) as a dark oil. m/z (ESI) for (C₁₂H₁₄BrF₃N₂O₂),356.6 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of1-[6-bromo-1-(1,1-difluoropropan-2-yl)-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-(Int-43)

A solution ofN-{4-bromo-2-[(1,1-difluoropropan-2-yl)amino]-6-fluorophenyl}-2-hydroxypropanamide(18b) (1.0 g, 3.0 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10 mL) was stirred at 130° C.for 15 min with microwave irradiation. LCMS analysis showed consumptionof the starting material with formation of the desired product mass. Thesolution was concentrated to dryness. The residue was taken up in H₂O (3mL) and then basified with aqueous NH₄OH (1 mL) to pH˜8 m. The solutionwas extracted with EtOAc (3×5 mL). The combined organic layers werewashed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 20 g SiO₂, 1:1EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide (Int-43) (400 mg, 42% yield) as a darkoil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.47 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (dd, J=1.5,9.5 Hz, 1H), 6.31-5.98 (m, 1H), 5.14 (br dd, J=6.8, 10.3 Hz, 2H),3.69-3.58 (m, 1H), 1.83-1.70 (m, 6H); m/z (ESI) for (C₁₂H₁₂BrF₃N₂O),338.7 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of6-bromo-2-(difluoromethyl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-44) According to Scheme 19

A mixture of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-N¹-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (7a)and difluoroacetic anhydride (1.47 mL, 11.8 mmol) in AcOH (4.6 mL) wasstirred at 90° C. for 3 h. The solvent was removed by vacuum. Theresidue was taken up into DCM (30 mL). The mixture was adjusted topH˜8-9 with 1.0 N aqueous NaOH and the layers were separated. Theorganic layer was washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flashchromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂, 0-50% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide6-bromo-2-(difluoromethyl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-44) (523 mg, 72% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆)δ 8.02 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.28 (m, 2H), 5.04-4.84 (m, 1H), 1.60 (d,J=6.8 Hz, 6H); m/z (APCl+) for (C₁₁H₁₀BrF₃N₂), 309.1 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of 6-bromo-1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazole (Int-45)According to Scheme 20

Step 1: Synthesis ofN-(4-bromo-2,6-difluorophenyl)-N-tert-butylmethanimidamide (20b)

A solution of 4-bromo-2,6-difluoroaniline (20a) (5.00 g, 24.0 mmol),triethylamine (4.86 g, 6.7 mL, 48.1 mmol) and N-tert-butylformamide(2.92 g, 3.2 mL, 28.8 mmol) in PhMe (50 mL) was treated with POCl₃ (5.53g, 3.36 mL, 36.1 mmol) at 0° C. (maintaining an internal temperaturebelow 20° C.). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 15 hand then quenched with aqueous Na₂CO₃ (80 mL). The organic layer wascollected. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×30 mL). Thecombined organic phases were washed with brine (50 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude residue was suspended inEtOAc (5 mL) and petroleum ether (40 mL), slurried for 10 min, andcollected by filtration to provideN-(4-bromo-2,6-difluorophenyl)-N¹-tert-butylmethanimidamide (20b) (4.50g, 64% yield) as a yellow solid. m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₁H₁₃BrF₂N₂), 292.6(M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of 6-bromo-1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazole(Int-45)

To a solution ofN-(4-bromo-2,6-difluorophenyl)-N¹-tert-butylmethanimidamide (20b) (4.50g, 15.5 mmol) in DMF (40 mL) was added KOtBu (2.60 g, 23.2 mmol) and themixture was stirred at 80° C. for 14 h. H₂O (100 mL) was added and themixture was extracted with EtOAc (3×50 mL). The combined organic phaseswere washed with brine (50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified in two stages, first byflash chromatography (SiO₂, 20% EtOAc/petroleum ether) then bypreparative HPLC on a Phenomenex Synergi Max-RP column (250×80 mm, 10 μmparticle size, column temperature of 25° C.), which was eluted with35-65% MeCN/H₂O (+0.225% formic acid) with flow rate of 80 mL/min toprovide 6-bromo-1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazole (Int-45) (1.5 g,36% yield) as a grey solid. m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₁H₁₂BrFN₂), 270.9 (M+H)⁺.

The intermediate in the below table was synthesized according to themethods used for the synthesis of6-bromo-1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazole (Int-45). The followingintermediate was synthesized with non-critical changes or substitutionsto the exemplified procedures that someone who is skilled in the artwould be able to realize.

Compound number Structure/IUPAC Name Analytical data Int-46

m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₁H₁₂BrFN₂), 270.6 (M + H)⁺

Preparation of tert-butyl3-(6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate(Int-47) According to Scheme 21

To a solution of 6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole (21a) (271mg, 1.18 mmol) and tert-butyl 3-iodoazetidine-1-carboxylate (670 mg,2.37 mmol) in DMF (5.9 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (491 mg, 3.55 mmol). Thereaction mixture was stirred at 100° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixturewas cooled to room temperature and loaded onto SiO₂. The crude materialwas purified via flash chromatography (SiO₂, 0-100% EtOAc/heptane) toprovide a mixture of regioisomers. These compounds were subsequentlyseparated by preparative SFC on a Waters SFC 200 Glacier/Two ZymorSPHERHADP column (150×21.1 mm I.D., 5 μm particle size), which was elutedwith 10-35% MeOH/CO₂ (100 bar, 35° C.) with a flow rate of 80 mL/min toprovide tert-butyl3-(6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)azetidine-1-carboxylate(Int-47) (106 mg, 23% yield) as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ7.55 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (dd, J=1.5, 10.1 Hz, 1H), 5.41 (s, 1H),4.48-4.37 (m, 2H), 4.28 (dd, J=5.1, 10.0 Hz, 2H), 2.56 (s, 3H), 1.46 (s,9H); m/z (APCl+) for (C₁₆H₁₉BrFN₃O₂), 384.0 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of 6-bromo-2,4-dimethyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-48) according to Scheme 22

To a solution of 6-bromo-2,4-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazole (22a) (250 mg,1.11 mmol) in anhydrous DMF (8.0 mL) was added 2-iodopropane (189 mg,1.11 mmol) and NaH (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 222 mg, 5.55 mmol).The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature 16 h. LCMSanalysis showed consumption of the starting material with formation ofthe desired product mass. The reaction was quenched with H₂O (3 mL) andthen concentrated under vacuum. The crude residue was purified by flashchromatography (ISCO, 20 g SiO₂, 70% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide6-bromo-2,4-dimethyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole (Int-48) (260 mg,88% yield). m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₂H₁₅BrN₂), 268.8 (M+H)⁺.

The intermediate in the below table was synthesized according to themethods used for the synthesis of6-bromo-2,4-dimethyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole (Int-48). Thefollowing intermediate was synthesized with non-critical changes orsubstitutions to the exemplified procedures that someone who is skilledin the art would be able to realize.

Compound number Structure/IUPAC Name Analytical data Int-49

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.84 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.39(d, J = 1.3 Hz, 1H), 5.40 (quin.d, J = 6.6, 13.3 Hz, 1H), 1.62 (d, J =6.5 Hz, 6H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₀H₁₀BrClN₂), 274.8 (M + H)⁺

Preparation of tert-butyl[1-(6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl]carbamate(Int-50) According to Scheme 23

To a solution of 6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazole (23a) (500mg, 2.18 mmol) in anhydrous THF (15.0 mL) was added solid t-BuOK (294mg, 2.62 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 10min followed by addition of 1-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]propan-2-ylmethanesulfonate (888 mg, 3.51 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 60° C.under an atmosphere of Ar for 17 h. LCMS analysis showed ˜50%consumption of the starting material. The reaction was cooled to roomtemperature and additional t-BuOK (122 mg, 1.09 mmol) was added followedby additional 1-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]propan-2-yl methanesulfonate(730 mg, 1.46 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 18 h. LCMSanalysis showed ˜65% conversion. The mixture was diluted with H₂O (30mL) and extracted with DCM (3×15 mL). The combined organic phases weredried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude mixture waspurified by flash chromatography (20 g SiO₂, 10-65% EtOAc/petroleumether). The fractions containing the desired product were collected andre-purified by preparative HPLC on a YMC-Actus Triart C18 column (150×40mm, 5 μm particle size), which was eluted with 33-73% MeCN/H₂O (0.05%NH₄OH) with a flow rate of 25 mL/min to provide tert-butyl[1-(6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl]carbamate(Int-50) (112 mg, 16% yield). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.58 (d, J=1.6Hz, 1H), 7.08 (dd, J=11.1, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 4.48 (s, 1H), 4.21 (td, J=16.1,14.5, 6.9 Hz, 2H), 4.06 (p, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 1.28-1.20 (m,12H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₆H₂₁BrFN₃O₂), 387.8 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of tert-butyl[1-(6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl]carbamate(Int-49) According to Scheme 24

A solution of 6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole (Int-22)(500 mg, 1.94 mmol) in THF (20.0 mL) under a N₂ atmosphere was cooled to−65° C. with a dry ice/acetone bath. A solution of LDA (2.0 M in THF,1.94 mL, 3.89 mmol) was added drop-wise. The reaction mixture wasstirred at the same temperature for 1 h followed by the addition ofcyclopropyl methyl ketone (327 mg, 3.89 mmol). After 1 h at −65° C. LCMSanalysis showed consumption of the starting material with conversion tothe desired product mass. The reaction mixture was quenched withsaturated aqueous NH₄Cl (10 mL). The phases were separated. The aqueousphase was extracted with EtOAc (3×15 mL). The combined organic phaseswere dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude residuewas purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 1:3 EtOAc/petroleum ether)to provide[1-(6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)propan-2-yl]carbamate(Int-51) (420 mg, 63% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ7.52 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (dd, J=1.5, 9.7 Hz, 1H), 5.46-5.22 (m, 1H),3.71 (s, 1H), 1.72 (s, 3H), 1.67 (dd, J=6.1, 6.8 Hz, 6H), 1.41-1.30 (m,1H), 0.77-0.67 (m, 1H), 0.64-0.53 (m, 2H), 0.52-0.44 (m, 1H); m/z (ESI+)for (C₁₅H₁₈BrFN₂O), 340.7 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of(4R)-7-bromo-9-fluoro-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]benzimidazole(Int-50) According to Scheme 24

Step 1: Synthesis of(5R)-4-(5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitrophenyl)-5-methylmorpholin-3-one (25a)

To a solution of (5R)-5-methylmorpholin-3-one (500 mg, 4.34 mmol) in DMF(10.0 mL) was added NaH (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 208 mg, 5.21mmol). The reaction suspension was stirred at ambient temperature for 30min and then 5-bromo-1,3-difluoro-2-nitrobenzene (1a) (1.03 mg, 4.34mmol) was added. The reaction suspension was stirred for 1 h. LCMSanalysis showed consumption of the starting material. H₂O (2 mL) wasadded and the reaction suspension was concentrated to dryness. Theresidue was taken up into EtOAc (80 mL) and was washed with H₂O (60 mL).The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated todryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 20 gSiO₂, 1:3 EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide(5R)-4-(5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitrophenyl)-5-methylmorpholin-3-one (25a)(760 mg, 53% yield) as a light yellow solid. m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₁H₁₀BrFN₂O₄), 334.3 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of(5R)-4-(2-amino-5-bromo-3-fluorophenyl)-5-methylmorpholin-3-one (25b)

To a solution of(5R)-4-(5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitrophenyl)-5-methylmorpholin-3-one (25a)(760 mg, 2.28 mmol) in EtOH (16.0 mL) and H₂O (4.0 mL) were added Fe⁰(637 mg, 11.4 mmol) and NH₄Cl (610 mg, 11.4 mmol). The reactionsuspension was stirred at 80° C. for 4 h under an atmosphere of N₂. LCMSanalysis indicated complete consumption of the starting material withformation of the desired product mass. The reaction mixture was filteredand concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by flashchromatography (SiO₂, 1:3 EtOAc/petroleum ether to provide(5R)-4-(2-amino-5-bromo-3-fluorophenyl)-5-methylmorpholin-3-one (25b)(420 mg, 61% yield) as a light brown gum. m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₁H₁₂BrFN₂O₂), 303.1 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of(4R)-7-bromo-9-fluoro-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]benzimidazole(Int-52)

A solution of(5R)-4-(2-amino-5-bromo-3-fluorophenyl)-5-methylmorpholin-3-one (25b)(420 mg, 1.39 mmol) in AcOH (6.0 mL) was stirred at 110° C. for 2 h.LCMS analysis showed consumption of the starting material with formationof the desired product mass. The reaction mixture was concentrated todryness. The residue was taken up in EtOAc (50 mL) and washed withaqueous saturated NaHCO₃ (30 mL). The organic phase was dried over Na₂SOfiltered, and concentrated to provide(4R)-7-bromo-9-fluoro-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]benzimidazole(Int-52) (360 mg, 91% yield) as a light-yellow solid. m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₁H₁₀BrFN₂O), 286.6 (M+H)⁺.

The intermediates in the below table were synthesized according to themethods used for the synthesis of(4R)-7-bromo-9-fluoro-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]benzimidazole(Int-52). The following intermediates were synthesized with non-criticalchanges or substitutions to the exemplified procedures that someone whois skilled in the art would be able to realize.

Compound number Structure/IUPAC Name Analytical data Int-53

m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₁H₁₀BrFN₂O), 286.6 (M + H)⁺ Int-54

m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₂H₁₂BrFN₂O), 300.9 (M + H)⁺ Int-55

¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.79 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.33 (dd, J = 1.5,10.3 Hz, 1H), 5.21-4.96 (m, 1H), 4.75 (br s, 1H), 4.26- 4.09 (m, 1H),3.67-3.57 (m, 2H), 1.46 (s, 9H), 1.35 (br d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H); m/z (ESI+)for (C₁₆H₁₉BrFN₃O₂), 385.9 (M + H)⁺ Int-56

m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₂H₁₂BrFN₂), 284.9 (M + H)⁺

Preparation of7-bromo-9-fluoro-4,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]benzimidazole(Int-57) According to Scheme 26

Step 1: Synthesis of2-(5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitroanilino)-2-methylpropan-1-ol (26a)

To a yellow solution of 5-bromo-1,3-difluoro-2-nitrobenzene (1a) (8.0 g,33.6 mmol) in DMF (30 mL) were added K₂CO₃ (9.3 g, 67.2 mmol) and2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol (3.0 g, 33.6 mmol). The mixture was stirredat 80° C. for 1 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of the startingmaterial with formation of the desired product mass. The reaction wascooled to room temperature, filtered, and concentrated. The residue waspurified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 80 g SiO₂, 15% EtOAc/petroleumether) to provide2-(5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitroanilino)-2-methylpropan-1-ol (26a) (7.0 g,68% yield) as a yellow solid. m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₀H₁₂BrFN₂O₃), 307.0(M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of2-(2-amino-5-bromo-3-fluoroanilino)-2-methylpropan-1-ol (26b)

To a solution of 2-(5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitroanilino)-2-methylpropan-1-ol(26a) (7.0 g, 22.8 mmol) in EtOH (50 mL) was added saturated aqueousNH₄Cl (10 mL) and Fe⁰ (6.36 mg, 114 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at80° C. for 1 h. TLC analysis showed consumption of the startingmaterial. The mixture was filtered and concentrated to dryness. Theresidue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 80 g SiO₂, 30%EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide2-(2-amino-5-bromo-3-fluoroanilino)-2-methylpropan-1-ol (26b) (5.4 g,86% yield) as a black oil. m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₀H₁₄BrFN₂), 277.0, 279.0(M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of2-[6-bromo-2-(chloromethyl)-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-1-ol(26c)

A yellow solution2-(2-amino-5-bromo-3-fluoroanilino)-2-methylpropan-1-ol (26b) (1.8 g,6.5 mmol) and 2-chloro-1,1,1-triethoxyethane (1.5 g, 9.7 mmol) in AcOH(10.0 mL) was stirred at 55° C. for 8 min. LCMS analysis showedconsumption of the starting material with formation of the product mass.After cooling to room temperature the reaction mixture was combined withparallel reactions run on smaller sale (5×100 mg). The combined reactionmixtures were basified with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ to adjust to pH˜7-8and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL). The combined organic phases werewashed with brine (20 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 40g SiO₂, 30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide2-[6-bromo-2-(chloromethyl)-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-1-ol(26c) (2.0 g, 72% yield) as a light yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 7.90 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J=1.3, 9.8 Hz, 1H), 5.41(t, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 5.18 (s, 2H), 3.87 (d, J=5.3 Hz, 2H), 1.78 (s, 6H).m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₂H₁₃BrClFN₂O), 336.9 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4: Synthesis of7-bromo-9-fluoro-4,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]benzimidazole(Int-57)

To a solution of2-[6-bromo-2-(chloromethyl)-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-1-ol(26c) in THF (5.0 mL) was added t-BuOK (251 mg, 2.23 mmol) at 0° C. Thesolution was stirred at 0° C. for 30 min. LCMS analysis showedconsumption of the starting material with formation of the desiredproduct mass. The reaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (10 mL) andextracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were washedwith brine (15 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 20 g SiO₂, 30%EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide7-bromo-9-fluoro-4,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]benzimidazole(Int-57) (420 mg, 94% yield) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃)δ 7.47 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (dd, J=1.5, 9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (s, 2H),3.84 (s, 2H), 1.67 (s, 6H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₂H₁₂BrFN₂O), 298.7 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of7-bromo-9-fluoro-2,4,4-trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole(Int-58) According to Scheme 27

To a solution of2-[6-bromo-2-(chloromethyl)-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]-2-methylpropan-1-ol(26c) (500 mg, 1.49 mmol) and DIPEA (578 mg, 4.47 mmol) in MeCN (5.0 mL)was added MsCl (256 mg, 2.23 mmol) drop-wise. After addition, theresulting solution was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirredfor 1 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of the starting material withformation of the desired product mass. To the solution was added DIPEA(963 mg, 7.45 mmol) and methylamine hydrochloride (201 mg, 2.98 mmol).The resulting solution was stirred at 60° C. for 14 h. LCMS analysisshowed consumption of the mesylate intermediate with formation of thedesired product mass. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness.The residue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 20 g SiO₂, 30%EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide7-bromo-9-fluoro-2,4,4-trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazino[1,2-a]benzimidazole(Int-58) (200 mg, 43% yield) as a yellow gum. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ7.46 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (dd, J=1.4, 9.6 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (s, 2H), 2.68(s, 2H), 2.50 (s, 3H), 1.67 (s, 6H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₃H₁₅BrFN₃), 314.0(M+H)⁺.

Preparation of7-bromo-9-fluoro-1,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]benzimidazole(Int-59) According to Scheme 28

Step 1: Synthesis of 2-(5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitroanilino)propan-1-ol(28a)

To a solution of 5-bromo-1,3-difluoro-2-nitrobenzene (1a) (4.0 g, 16.8mmol) in DMF (40.0 mL) was added K₂CO₃ (4.65 g, 33.6 mmol) and2-aminopropan-1-ol (1.26 g, 16.9 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 80°C. for 1 h. TLC analysis (3:1 petroleum ether/EtOAc) showed consumptionof the starting material. After cooling to room temperature, thereaction mixture was diluted with H₂O (150 mL) and extracted with EtOAc(2×150 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered, and concentrated to provide2-(5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitroanilino)propan-1-ol (28a) (4.7 g, 93% yield)as a yellow oil. m/z (ESI+) for (C₉H₁₀BrFN₂O), 294.6 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of2-[6-bromo-2-(1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]propan-1-ol(28b)

To a yellow solution of 2-(5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitroanilino)propan-1-ol(28a) (1.3 g, 3.3 mmol) and 2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propanal(1.0 g, 5.3 mmol) in EtOH (10.0 mL) and DMSO (3.0 mL) was added Na₂S2O₄(2.9 g, 16.4 mmol). The suspension was stirred at 80° C. for 16 h. LCMSanalysis showed consumption of the starting material with formation ofthe desired product mass. The mixture was concentrated to remove theEtOH. The solution was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with H₂O(50 mL). The organic phase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 20g SiO₂, 25% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide2-[6-bromo-2-(1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]propan-1-ol(28b) (1.0 g, 71% yield) as a white solid. m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₈H₂₈BrFN₂O₂Si), 432.8 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of2-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]propan-1-ol(28c)

To a solution of2-[6-bromo-2-(1-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl)-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]propan-1-ol(28b) (1.0 g, 2.32 mmol) in THF (5.0 mL) was added TBAF (1.2 g, 4.64mmol) at ambient temperature. After 1 h, TLC analysis (100% EtOAc)showed consumption of the starting material. The reaction solution wasdiluted with EtOAc (100 mL) and washed with H₂O (2×50 mL). The organicphase was dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residue waspurified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 20 g SiO₂, 80% EtOAc/petroleumether) to provide2-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]propan-1-ol(28c) (400 mg, 54% yield) as a white solid. m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₂H₁₄BrFN₂O₂), 316.7 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4: Synthesis of7-bromo-9-fluoro-1,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]benzimidazole(Int-59)

A solution of2-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]propan-1-ol(28c) (400 mg, 1.26 mmol) and TsOH (434 mg, 2.52 mmol) in PhMe (5.0 mL)was stirred at 120° C. for 16 h. To the solution was added saturatedaqueous NaHCO₃ (20 mL). The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (2×100 mL).The combined organic phases were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 20g SiO₂, 80-90% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide7-bromo-9-fluoro-1,4-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]benzimidazole(Int-59) (300 mg, 80% yield, diastereoisomeric mixture) as a yellow oil.m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₂H₁₂BrFN₂O), 298.7 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of 6-bromo-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzotriazole (Int-60)According to Scheme 29

To a solution of 4-bromo-N²-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (29a) (3.00g, 13.1 mmol) in hydrobromic acid (2.0 M in H₂O, 30 mL) was added asolution of sodium nitrite (1.36 g, 19.6 mmol) in H₂O (15 mL) at 0° C.The reaction mixture was stirred at this temperature for 30 min thenallowed to warm to ambient temperature over a period of 2 h. Thereaction mixture was poured into saturated aqueous Na₂CO₃ (150 mL) andextracted with EtOAc (2×150 mL). The combined organic phases were washedwith brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The cruderesidue was purified by flash chromatography (SiO₂, 0-30%EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide6-bromo-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzotriazole (Int-60) (2.50 g, 80% yield) asa brown oil. m/z (ESI+) for (C₉H₁₀BrN₃), 239.6 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of 2-(5-bromo-2-methyl-2H-indazol-3-yl)propan-2-ol (Int-61)According to Scheme 30

To a stirred solution of 5-bromo-2-methyl-2H-indazole (30a) (300 mg,1.42 mmol) in THF (10.0 mL) was added LDA (2.0 M in THF, 2.13 mL, 4.26mmol) at −78° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 10 minand then cooled to −78° C. Acetone (124 mg, 2.14 mmol) was added to thereaction mixture at −78° C. The reaction was then allowed to warm toambient temperature and stirred for 18 h. LCMS analysis showedconsumption of the starting material with formation of the desiredproduct mass. The reaction was quenched with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃(10 mL) and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extractedwith EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were washed withbrine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residue waspurified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 20 g SiO₂, 0-100%EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide2-(5-bromo-2-methyl-2H-indazol-3-yl)propan-2-ol (Int-61) (120 mg, 31%yield) as a colorless oil. m/z (ESI+) for (CH₁₃BrN₂O (270.9 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of 5-bromo-2-methyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-2H-indazole (Int-62)According to Scheme 31

To a stirring solution of2-(5-bromo-2-methyl-2H-indazol-3-yl)propan-2-ol (Int-61) in DCM (10 mL)were added TFA (847 mg, 7.43 mmol) and Et₃SiH (846 mg, 7.43 mmol) at 0°C. The mixture was stirred at 25° C. for 36 h. LCMS analysis showedconsumption of the starting material. The reaction was quenched withH₂O, adjusted to pH˜8 with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, and extracted withDCM (3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine, driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified byflash chromatography (ISCO, 4 g SiO₂, 0-100% EtOAc/petroleum ether) toprovide 5-bromo-2-methyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-2H-indazole (Int-62) (140 mg,74% yield) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.91-7.88 (m, 1H),7.50 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (s, 3H), 3.40 (td,J=7.2, 14.2 Hz, 1H), 1.49 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 6H); m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₁H₁₃BrN₂), 252.8 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of9-bromo-7-fluoro-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-b]indazole(Int-61) According to Scheme 32

Step 1: Synthesis of 2-(5-bromo-7-fluoro-2H-indazol-2-yl)ethan-1-ol(32b)

To a solution of 5-bromo-7-fluoro-1H-indazole (32a) (2.5 g, 11.6 mmol)in MeOH (10.0 mL) was added NaOMe (1.26 g, 23.3 mmol) and2-bromoethan-1-ol (2.0 g, 11.6 mmol) under an atmosphere of N₂. Theresultant solution stirred at 85° C. for 16 h. The reaction mixture wascooled to room temperature. TLC analysis (1:1 EtOAc/petroleum ether)showed partial consumption of the starting material. The reactionmixture was concentrated to dryness and purified by flash chromatography(ISCO, 80 g SiO₂, 0-100% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide2-(5-bromo-7-fluoro-2H-indazol-2-yl)ethan-1-ol (32b) (950 mg, 32% yield)as a white solid. m/z (ESI+) for (C₉H₈BrFN₂), 260.8 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of2-[5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2H-indazol-3-yl]propan-2-ol (32c)

A solution of 2-(5-bromo-7-fluoro-2H-indazol-2-yl)ethan-1-ol (32b) (550mg, 2.12 mmol) in THF (10.0 mL) was purged with N₂ and then a solutionof LDA (2.0 M in THF, 2.34 mL, 4.67 mmol) was added at −78° C. Thesolution was stirred at −10° C. for 30 min and then cooled back to −78°C. To the solution was added acetone (247 mg, 4.25 mmol). The resultingsolution was stirred for 16 h at room temperature. LCMS analysis showedcomplete consumption of the starting material with formation of thedesired product mass. The reaction was quenched with H₂O (30 mL) andextracted with EtOAc (50 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered, and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by flashchromatography (ISCO, 20 g SiO₂, 50-70% EtOAc/petroleum ether) toprovide2-[5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2H-indazol-3-yl]propan-2-ol (32c)(490 mg, 73% yield) as a colorless oil.

Step 3: Synthesis of9-bromo-7-fluoro-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-b]indazole(Int-63)

To a solution of2-[5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2H-indazol-3-yl]propan-2-ol (32c)(490 mg, 0.61 mmol) in PhMe (10.0 mL) was added p-TSA (210 mg, 1.22mmol) at 0° C. The mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 16 h. LCMSanalysis indicated consumption of the starting material with formationof the desired product mass. The reaction mixture was concentrated todryness and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 20 gSiO₂, 50% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide9-bromo-7-fluoro-1,1-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-1H-[1,4]oxazino[4,3-b]indazole(Int-63) (100 mg, 55% yield) as a yellow oil. m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₂H₁₂BrFN₂), 298.6 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of tert-butyl[2-(5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-methyl-2H-indazol-3-yl)propan-2-yl]carbamate(Int-64) According to Scheme 33

Step 1: Synthesis of 5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-methyl-2H-indazole (33a)

To a solution of 5-bromo-7-fluoro-1H-indazole (32a) (550 mg, 2.12 mmol)in EtOAc (30.0 mL) was added trimethyloxonium tertrafluoroborate (1.97g, 13.3 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at ambient temperaturefor 5 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of starting material withformation of the desired product mass. The reaction solution was dilutedwith H₂O (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (100 mL). The organic phasewas dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude residue waspurified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 40 g SiO₂, 20-25%EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide 5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-methyl-2H-indazole(33a) (1.6 g, 68% yield) as a pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 8.45 (d, J=2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (dd,J=1.3, 11.0 Hz, 1H), 4.20 (s, 3H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₈H₆BrFN₂), 230.9(M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis ofN-[2-(5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-methyl-2H-indazol-3-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(33b)

To a solution of 5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-methyl-2H-indazole (33a) (1.0 g, 4.4mmol) in PhMe (10 mL) was added a solution of LDA (2.0 M in THF, 2.6 mL,5.24 mmol) at −78° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 1h. 2-Methyl-N-(propan-2-ylidene)propane-2-sulfinamide (704 mg, 4.4 mmol)was then added to the reaction mixture at −78° C. The reaction mixturewas allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 24 h. LCMSanalysis showed complete consumption of the starting material withformation of the desired product mass. The reaction was quenched byaddition of saturated aqueous NH₄Cl (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc(2×30 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered,and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography(ISCO, 20 g Si₂, 30-40% MeOH/EtOAc) to provideN-[2-(5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-methyl-2H-indazol-3-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(33b) (420 mg, 25% yield) as a yellow gum. m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₅H₂₁BrFN₃OS), 392.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of2-(5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-methyl-2H-indazol-3-yl)propan-2-amine (33c)

To a yellow solution ofN-[2-(5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-methyl-2H-indazol-3-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-methylpropane-2-sulfinamide(33b) (420 mg, 1.08 mmol) in MeOH (5.0 mL) was added concentrated HCl(1.0 mL) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 2 h.LCMS analysis showed consumption of the starting material with formationof the desired product mass. The reaction mixture was concentrated underreduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in DCM (10 mL) and TEA (2mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 20 min. The reaction solutionwas extracted with DCM (2×20 mL). The combined organic phases were driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to provide2-(5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-methyl-2H-indazol-3-yl)propan-2-amine (33c) (300mg, 97% yield) as a yellow solid. m/z (ESI+) for (CH₁₃BrFN₃), 268.9(M+H)⁺.

Step 4: Synthesis of tert-butyl[2-(5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-methyl-2H-indazol-3-yl)propan-2-yl]carbamate(Int-64)

To a yellow solution of2-(5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-methyl-2H-indazol-3-yl)propan-2-amine (33c) (300mg, 0.75 mmol) in THF (3.0 mL) was added saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (3.0mL) and Boc₂O (659 mg, 3.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at roomtemperature for 16 h. The reaction solution was diluted with H₂O (10 mL)and extracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic phases weredried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude residue waspurified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 20 g SiO₂, EtOAc/petroleumether) to provide (Int-64) (240 mg, 82% yield) as a yellow oil. m/z(ESI+) for (C₁₆H₂₁BrFN₃O₂), 387.6 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of 5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-methyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-2H-indazole(Int-65) according to Scheme 34

Step 1: Synthesis of 5-bromo-7-fluoro-3-iodo-2-methyl-2H-indazole (34a)

To a solution of 5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-methyl-2H-indazole (33a) (500 mg,2.18 mmol) in DCM (10.0 mL) was added bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene(1.13 g, 2.62 mmol) and pyridine (259 mg, 3.27 mmol). The mixture wasstirred at 30° C. for 30 minutes and then 12 (556 mg, 2.62 mmol) wasadded. The mixture was stirred at 30° C. for 16 h. LCMS analysis showedconsumption of the starting material with formation of the desiredproduct mass. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (50 mL) andthen filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness. The residue waspurified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 40 g SiO₂, 30-40%EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide5-bromo-7-fluoro-3-iodo-2-methyl-2H-indazole (34a) (700 mg, 90% yield)as a pale yellow solid. m/z (ESI+) for (C₈H₅BrFIN₂), 354.8 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-methyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-2H-indazole (34b)

A mixture of 5-bromo-7-fluoro-3-iodo-2-methyl-2H-indazole (34a) (400 mg,1.13 mmol), isopropenylboronic acid pinacol ester (189 mg, 1.13 mmol),K₂CO₃ (467 mg, 3.38 mmol), and Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (82.5 mg, 0.113 mmol) in1,4-dioxane (6.0 mL) and H₂O (1.0 mL) was stirred under an atmosphere ofN₂ at 100° C. for 3 h. The reaction suspension became black. LCMSanalysis showed complete consumption of the starting material withformation of the desired product mass. The suspension was diluted withEtOAc (50 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reducedpressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 20 gSiO₂, 30% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-methyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-2H-indazole (34b) (270 mg,89% yield) as a yellow oil. m/z (ESI+) for (CH₁₀BrFN₂), 268.9 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-methyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-2H-indazole (Int-65)

A solution of 5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-methyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-2H-indazole(34b) (270 mg, 1.0 mmol) and Rh(PPh₃)₃Cl (92.8 mg, 0.1 mmol) in MeOH(10.0 mL) and THF (10.0 mL) was sparged with H₂ and then stirred at 50°C. for 16 h under H₂ at a pressure of 50 psi. LCMS analysis showedconsumption of the starting material with formation of the desiredproduct mass. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness and theresidue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 1:1 EtOAc/petroleumether) to provide 5-bromo-7-fluoro-2-methyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-2H-indazole(Int-65) (300 mg, >99% yield) as a pale brown gum. m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₁H₁₀BrFN₂), 270.8 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of 6-bromo-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine(Int-66) According to Scheme 35

Step 1: Synthesis of 5-bromo-N³-(propan-2-yl)pyridine-2,3-diamine (35b)

To a solution of 5-bromopyridine-2,3-diamine (35a) (2.51 g, 13.4 mmol)and acetone (1.2 mL, 16 mmol) in i-PrOAc (20 mL) were added TFA (2.25mL, 29.3 mmol) and NaBH(OAc)₃ (4.25 g, 20 mmol) at 0° C. The mixture wasstirred at room temperature for 2 h. EtOAc (50 mL) was added to quenchthe reaction. The mixture was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (40mL) and brine (30 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated.The residue was purified by flash chromatography (40 g SiO₂, 0-65%EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide5-bromo-N³-(propan-2-yl)pyridine-2,3-diamine (35b) (2.7 g, 89% yield) asa brown gum. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.28 (d, J=2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.66(d, J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (br. s., 1H), 3.55 (td, J=6.1, 12.3 Hz, 1H),1.15 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 6H); m/z (APCl) for (CH₁₂BrN₃), 230.1, 232.2 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of 6-bromo-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine(Int-66)

A mixture of 5-bromo-N³-(propan-2-yl)pyridine-2,3-diamine (35b) (1.5 g,6.52 mmol) and Ac₂O (30.8 mL, 32.6 mmol) in AcOH (12.5 mL) was stirredat 90° C. overnight. The solvent was removed by evaporation. The residuewas taken up in DCM (50 mL) and adjusted to pH˜8-9 with aqueous NaOH(1.0 N). The organic layer was collected, washed with brine (50 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purifiedby column chromatography (24 g SiO₂, 10% MeOH/EtOAc) to provide6-bromo-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (Int-66) (866 mg, 52%yield) as a light brown solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.42-8.32 (m,2H), 4.76 (td, J=6.9, 13.8 Hz, 1H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 1.54 (d, J=7.0 Hz,6H); m/z (APCl) for (C₉H₁₀BrN₃), 254.2, 256.1 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of5-chloro-2-methyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (Int-67)According to Scheme 36

To a slurry of K₂CO₃ (4.1 g, 29.8 mmol) in DMSO (6.0 mL) were added5-chloro-2-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (36a) (1.0 g, 5.7 mmol) and2-bromopropane (2.8 mL, 29.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 20 h atroom temperature and an additional 1 h at 60° C. LCMS analysis showedconsumption of the starting material with formation of the desiredproduct mass (˜4:1 mixture of regioisomers). The mixture was partitionedbetween H₂O (25 mL) and EtOAc (25 mL). The aqueous layer was extractedwith EtOAc (3×25 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with H₂O(2×25 mL) and brine (25 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated directly onto SiO₂. The crude material was purified byflash chromatography (SiO₂, 80-100% EtOAc/heptanes) to provide5-chloro-2-methyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (Int-67)(950 mg, 76% yield) as the first eluting regioisomer. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 7.85 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.84 (p, J=7.0Hz, 1H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 1.69 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 6H); m/z (APCl) for(C₁₀H₁₂ClN₃), 209.9 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of 6-bromo-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine(Int-68) According to Scheme 37

Step 1: Synthesis of N-tert-butyl-6-chloro-3-nitropyridin-2-amine (37b)

To a solution of 2,6-dichloro-3-nitropyridine (37a) in PhMe (30 mL) wasadded 2-methylpropan-2-amine (3.8 g, 51.8 mmol) at 0° C. The yellowsolution was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. LCMS analysis showedconsumption of the starting material with formation of the desiredproduct mass. The reaction was concentrated to dryness. The residue waspurified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 20 g SiO₂, 100% petroleum ether)to provide N-tert-butyl-6-chloro-3-nitropyridin-2-amine (37b) (4.7 g,79% yield) as a yellow solid. m/z (ESI) for (C₉H₁₂ClN₃O₂), 229.9 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of N²-tert-butyl-6-chloropyridine-2,3-diamine (37c)

To a solution of N-tert-butyl-6-chloro-3-nitropyridin-2-amine (37b) (4.7g, 20.5 mmol) in EtOH (200 mL) was added saturated aqueous NH₄Cl (60 mL)and Fe⁰ (5.7 g, 102 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 3 h.LCMS analysis indicated consumption of the starting material withformation of the desired product mass. The mixture was filtered andconcentrated to remove EtOH. The mixture was diluted with H₂O (100 mL)and extracted with EtOAc (200 mL). The combined organic layers weredried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to provideN²-tert-butyl-6-chloropyridine-2,3-diamine (37c) (3.9 g, 95% yield) as ablack oil, which was taken on without further purification. m/z (ESI)for (C₉H₁₄ClN₃), 199.9 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of 3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine(Int-68)

To a black mixture of N²-tert-butyl-6-chloropyridine-2,3-diamine (37c)(3.0 g, 15.0 mmol) and CH(OEt)₃ (4.5 g, 30.0 mmol) in PhMe (40.0 mL) wasadded p-TSA monohydrate (286 mg, 1.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred for16 h at 110° C. LCMS analysis showed consumption of the startingmaterial with formation of the desired product mass. The mixture waswashed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (60 mL). The aqueous layers wereextracted with EtOAc (2×100 mL). The combined organic layers were driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to provide3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (Int-68) as a blacksolid, which was taken on without further purification. m/z (ESI) for(C₁₀H₁₂ClN₃), 209.8 (M+H)⁺.

Preparation of (3R,4R)-4-Amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Int-69) According to Scheme 38

Step 1: Synthesis of tert-butyl(3R,4R)-4-{[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino}-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate(38b)

To a solution of tert-butyl(3R,4R)-4-amino-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (38a) (13.0 g, 60.1mmol) in DCM (100 mL) and saturated Na₂CO₃ (100 mL) was added benzylchloroformate (24.1 mL, 72.1 mmol, 50% in PhMe) drop-wise at 0° C. Themixture was stirred for 4 h then the organic phase was collected. Theaqueous phase was extracted with DCM (2×100 mL). The combined organicphases were washed with H₂O (2×100 mL) and brine (100 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude residue was purified byflash chromatography (SiO₂, 0-60% EtOAc/hexanes) to provide tert-butyl(3R,4R)-4-{[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino}-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate(38b) (18.0 g, 85% yield) as a light yellow oil. m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₈H₂₆N₂O₅), 251.3 (M+H-Boc)*.

Step 2: Synthesis of benzyl[(3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]carbamate (38c)

A solution of tert-butyl(3R,4R)-4-{[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]amino}-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate(38b) (18.0 g, 51.4 mmol) and HCl in EtOH (1.25 M in EtOH, 123 mL, 154mmol) was stirred at ambient temperature for 6 h and then concentrated.The residue was diluted with EtOAc (100 mL). Saturated aqueous NaHCO₃(100 mL) was added and the mixture was cooled to 0° C. Methanesulfonylchloride (6.5 mL, 83.9 mmol) was added drop-wise and the mixture wasstirred at this temperature for 4 h. The layers were separated and theaqueous layer extracted with EtOAc (2×100 mL). The combined organicphases were washed with H₂O (2×100 mL) and brine (100 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was triturated withpentane to provide benzyl[(3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]carbamate (38c)(12.0 g, 71% yield) as a white solid. m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₄H₂₀N₂O₅S),329.4 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of (3R,4R)-4-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Int-69)

A solution of benzyl[(3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]carbamate (38c)(12.0 g, 36.5 mmol) in DCM:MeOH (5:4, 180 mL) was stirred in thepresence of 15% Pd/C (0.583 g, 5.48 mmol) under a balloon of hydrogen atambient temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered throughcelite and washed with methanol (100 mL). The filtrate was concentratedunder reduced pressure to provide (Int-69) (6.41 g, 90% yield) as whitesolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 3.83 (ddd, J=11.6, 5.0, 2.2 Hz, 1H),3.73 (ddt, J=12.3, 4.8, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 3.46 (td, J=9.8, 5.0 Hz, 1H),2.89-2.75 (m, 5H), 2.58 (dd, J=11.6, 10.1 Hz, 1H), (ddt, J=13.1, 5.0,2.7 Hz, 1H) 1.66-1.54 (m, 1H); m/z (APCl+) for (C₆H₁₄N₂O₃S), 195.0(M+H)⁺; [α]D−19° (c 0.1, MeOH).

Preparation of (3R,4R)-4-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid salt (Int-70) According to Scheme39

Step 1: Synthesis of 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (39b)

To tert-butyl 3,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (39a) (150 g, 819mmol) was added a solution of HCl (4.0 N in MeOH, 500 mL) and themixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h. LCMS analysis showedconsumption of the starting material. The reaction was concentrated todryness to provide 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (39b) (97.9g, >99% yield), which was taken on without further purification. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, D₂O) δ 5.96 (tdd, J=1.7, 3.9, 10.5 Hz, 1H), 5.80-5.61 (m, 1H),3.65 (br s, 2H), 3.31 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 2.49-2.28 (m, 2H).

Step 2: Synthesis of 1-(methanesulfonyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(39c)

To a slurry of 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (39b) (97.9 g,818 mmol) in DCM (1.0 L) was added TEA (248 g, 2.5 mol). The mixture wascooled to 0-5° C. and then treated slowly dropwise with methanesulfonylchloride (112 g, 982 mmol), maintaining the reaction temperature<20° C. After addition the mixture was stirred a further 16 h at roomtemperature. The reaction was quenched by slow addition of H₂O (1 L).The phases were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with DCM (1.5L). The combined organics were washed successively with saturatedaqueous NH₄Cl (500 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (500 mL), saturatedaqueous NH₄Cl (500 mL), and brine (500 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered,and concentrated. The resultant yellow solid was triturated withDCM/petroleum ether (1:15, 500 mL). The solids were collected byfiltration and dried under vacuum to provide1-(methanesulfonyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (39c) (116 g, 88% yield)as a light yellow solid, which was taken on without furtherpurification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 5.86 (dtd, J=1.7, 4.0, 8.1 Hz,1H), 5.71 (dtd, J=1.2, 3.4, 8.5 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (quin, J=2.8 Hz, 2H), 3.37(t, J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 2.81 (s, 3H), 2.26 (tt, J=2.9, 5.7 Hz, 2H)

Step 3: Synthesis of3-(methanesulfonyl)-7-oxa-3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (39d)

To a solution of 1-(methanesulfonyl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (39c)(116 g, 720 mmol) in DCM (1.5 L) was added m-CPBA (175 g, 863 mmol)portion-wise. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 48 h.TLC analysis indicated consumption of the starting material. Theheterogeneous mixture was filtered to remove the solids. The filtratewas basified with saturated aqueous Na₂CO₃ (1.0 L) and washed withsaturated aqueous Na₂SO₃ (1.5 L). The aqueous layer was extracted withDCM (2×1.5 L). The combined organics were washed with brine (1.5 L),dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to provide3-(methanesulfonyl)-7-oxa-3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (39d) (120 g, 94%yield) as a light yellow solid, which was taken on without furtherpurification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 3.84 (ddd, J=1.0, 3.6, 14.3 Hz,1H), 3.57 (d, J=14.3 Hz, 1H), 3.36 (dd, J=2.0, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 3.34-3.26(m, 2H), 3.09 (ddd, J=4.7, 8.4, 12.9 Hz, 1H), 2.82 (s, 3H), 2.21-2.04(m, 2H).

Step 4: Synthesis of (3R,4R)-4-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid salt (Int-70)

To a solution of 3-(methanesulfonyl)-7-oxa-3-azabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane(39d) (10.0 g, 56 mmol) in MeCN (100 mL) was added LiBr (1.96 g, 22.6mmol) and NH₄OH (14.1 g, 113 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature for 48 h. TLC analysis (1:1 petroleum ether/EtOAc) indicatedremaining starting material. The reaction mixture was warmed to 40° C.and stirred at this temperature for 36 h. TLC analysis (1:1 petroleumether/EtOAc) indicated consumption of the starting material. Thereaction was concentrated to dryness to providerac-(3R,4R)-4-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol (11 g, crude). Thecrude mixture containingrac-(3R,4R)-4-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol (11 g) was takenup in MeOH (120 mL) and the mixture was warmed to reflux until thesolution became clear. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and asolution of (2S)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid (9.41 g, 56.6 mmol) inMeOH (30 mL) was added. The solution turned cloudy followed by extensiveprecipitation. The mixture was stirred at reflux for 10 min and thenallowed to slowly cool to room temperature. The solution was stirred atroom temperature for 16 h. The precipitate was collected by filtration.The solids were taken up in MeOH (30 mL) and stirred at reflux for 10min. The solution was slowly cooled to room temperature. The resultantprecipitate was collected by filtration to provide(3R,4R)-4-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(2S)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid salt (Int-70) (5.0 g, 25% yield)as a white solid. Enantiomeric excess (97% ee) was determined for thecorresponding N-CBz protected derivative by chiral SFC with a ChiralpakAS-3 column (4.6×150 mm, 3 μm particle size, 35° C.), which was elutedwith 5-40% EtOH/CO₂ (+0.05% diethylamine) with a flow rate of 2.5mL/min. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.35-7.13 (m, 5H), 4.14 (dd, J=3.5,8.2 Hz, 1H), 3.89 (ddd, J=2.1, 5.0, 11.7 Hz, 1H), 3.83-3.73 (m, 1H),3.60 (dt, J=5.1, 10.0 Hz, 1H), 3.13 (dd, J=3.4, 13.8 Hz, 1H), 2.98 (ddd,J=4.5, 9.8, 12.1 Hz, 1H), 2.92-2.77 (m, 5H), 2.69-2.56 (m, 1H),2.18-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.78-1.60 (m, 1H).

PREPARATION OF EXAMPLES Example 1 (Scheme A-1): Preparation of(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

Step 1: Synthesis of4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(A-1)

A suspension of6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole (Int-46) (90g, 331.95 mmol), bis(pinacolato)diboron (126 g, 498 mmol), AcOK (80 g,815.15 mmol), tricyclohexylphosphine (14 g, 49.8 mmol), and Pd(OAc)₂(7.45 g, 33.2 mmol) in DMSO (1.0 L) was sparged with N₂ and then stirredat 100° C. for 16 h. TLC analysis (1:1 petroleum ether/EtOAc) showedcomplete consumption of the starting material. The black suspension waspoured into H₂O (3.0 L) and extracted with EtOAc (2×3 L). The combinedorganic phases were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (Biotage,1.0 kg, 0-40% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(A-1) (77 g, 73% yield) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ7.69 (s, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=10.8 Hz, 1H), 4.77-4.61 (m, 1H), 2.65 (s, 3H),1.65 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 6H), 1.36 (s, 12H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₇H₂₄BFN₂O₂),319.2 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(A-2)

A mixture of4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(A-1) (300 mg, 0.943 mmol), 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine (259 mg, 0.16 mL,1.41 mmol) and K₂CO₃ (260 mg, 1.89 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (9 mL) and H₂O(3 mL) was sparged with N₂ for 5 min. Pd(PPh₃)₄ (54.5 mg, 0.047 mmol)was added and the mixture was sparged with N₂ for an additional 10 min.The mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 16 h before being cooled toambient temperature, diluted with H₂O (15 mL), and extracted with EtOAc(3×10 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (10 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. To this crude mixture wasadded a second crude mixture from a reaction run in analogous fashion ona 100 mg scale. The reside was purified by flash chromatography (SiO₂,100% EtOAc) to provide6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(A-2) (420 mg, 98% yield). m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₅H₁₃N₄FCl₂), 338.9 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example A1)

To a yellow suspension of6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(A-2) (210 mg, 0.619 mmol) in DMSO (5 mL) was added DIPEA (240 mg, 0.331mL, 1.86 mmol) and (3R,4R)-4-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Int-69) (241 mg, 1.24 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 16h and then diluted with H₂O (20 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×20 mL).The combined organic phases were washed with brine (20 mL), dried overNa₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude residue was purified bypreparative HPLC with an Agela Durashell C18 column (150×25 mm, 5 μmparticle size; column temperature 25° C.), which was eluted with 34-54%MeCN/H₂O (+0.05% NH₄OH) with a flow rate of 25 mL/min to provide(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example A1) (54.7 mg, 19% yield) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 8.41 (s, 1H), 8.02-7.79 (m, 1H), 7.54-7.27 (m, 2H), 5.24 (d,J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.86-4.71 (m, 1H), 3.86-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.60 (br d, J=9.5Hz, 2H), 3.53-3.45 (m, 1H), 2.94-2.79 (m, 4H), 2.69-2.59 (m, 4H), 2.07(s, 1H), 1.62-1.46 (m, 7H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₂₁H₂₆ClFN₆O₃S), 497.3(M+H)⁺.

The examples in the below table were synthesized according to themethods used for the synthesis of(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example A1). The following examples were synthesized with non-criticalchanges or substitutions to the exemplified procedures that someone whois skilled in the art would be able to realize. If necessary, separationof the enantiomers of was carried out under standard methods known inthe art, such as chiral SFC or HPLC, to afford single enantiomers.

Example number Structure/Name LCMS NMR A2

481.2 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.44 (d, J = 4.03 Hz,1H), 8.16-8.03 (m, 1H), 7.71-7.50 (m, 1H), 7.32-7.17 (m, 1H), 5.28-5.19(m, 1H), 4.90-4.74 (m, 1H), 3.87-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.70-3.57 (m, 2H),3.54-3.45 (m, 1H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 2.89- 2.83 (m, 1H), 2.73-2.66 (m, 1H),2.64 (s, 3H), 2.36-2.30 (m, 1H), 1.60 (d, J = 6.85 Hz, 6H), 1.57-1.50(m, 1H) A3

401.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.51 (br s, 1H),8.43-8.34 (m, 3H), 7.82 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H), 4.19-4.06 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.29-3.13 (m, 2H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.35-2.25 (m, 2H),1.95-1.82 (m, 11H) A4

463.3 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.35 (d, J = 5.3 Hz,1H), 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.76 (d, J = 12.3 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H),7.14 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.27 (br d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.90- 4.75 (m,1H), 3.84 (br s, 1H), 3.73-3.44 (m, 3H), 3.05-2.87 (m, 4H), 2.69-2.65(m, 1H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 2.19-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.61 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 7H) A5

463.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.39-8.09 (m, 2H),7.47- 7.41 (m, 1H), 7.20 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (br s, 1H), 5.27 (brs, 1H), 4.85-4.70 (m, 1H), 3.82 (br s, 1H), 3.75-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.45(m, 1H), 2.91 (s, 3H), 2.88-2.79 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.59 (s,3H), 2.20-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.65- 1.60 (m, 7H) A6

497.3 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 7.73 (d,J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.66-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.44 (d, J = 10.5 Hz, 1H), 5.22 (d,J = 4.3 Hz, 1H), 4.85-4.70 (m, 1H), 3.79 (br s, 1H), 3.65- 3.55 (m, 2H),3.50-3.40 (m, 1H), 2.88 (br s, 4H), 2.70- 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.58 (s, 3H),2.08 (s, 1H), 1.60-1.45 (m, 7H) A7

481.3 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.42 (d, J = 2.0 Hz,1H), 7.82 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (br s,1H), 5.21 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.85- 4.70 (m, 1H), 3.73 (br s, 1H),3.67-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.40 (m, 1H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 2.86- 2.78 (m, 1H),2.70-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.59 (s, 3H), 2.07 (s, 1H), 1.60-1.45 (m, 7H) A8

469.2 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 7.77 (brs, 1H), 7.60-7.31 (m, 2H), 5.22 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (br s, 1H),3.79 (s, 3H), 3.67-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.40 (m, 1H), 2.89 (s, 3H),2.88-2.82 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 2.04 (br s, 1H),1.59-1.42 (m, 1H) A9

509.3 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 7.84 (brs, 1H), 7.59-7.32 (m, 2H), 5.22 (br s, 1H), 3.78 (br s, 1H), 3.59 (br d,J = 10.0 Hz, 2H), 3.48 (br d, J = 11.7 Hz, 1H), 3.08 (t, J = 7.5 Hz,2H), 2.89 (s, 3H), 2.86- 2.79 (m, 1H), 2.69-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.58-2.53 (m,2H), 2.05 (br s, 1H), 1.62 (s, 6H), 1.52 (br d, J = 11.7 Hz, 1H) A10

511.2 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.44 (s, 1H), 7.89 (brs, 1H), 7.58-7.39 (m, 2H), 5.22 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 5.09-5.03 (m, 1H),4.97-4.91 (m, 1H), 4.70 (br d, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.17- 4.10 (m, 1H),4.06-3.98 (m, 1H), 3.82 (br d, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 3.67-3.57 (m, 2H),3.50-3.40 (m, 1H), 2.93-2.82 (m, 4H), 2.70-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.00 (m,1H), 1.60-1.45 (m, 4H) A11

511.2 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.44 (s, 1H), 7.82 (s,1H), 7.59-7.44 (m, 2H), 5.23 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.13-5.07 (m, 1H),5.02-4.96 (m, 1H), 4.42 (dd, J = 3.0, 12.0 Hz, 1H), 4.19 (ddd, J = 3.5,6.3, 10.0 Hz, 1H), 3.90-3.76 (m, 2H), 3.68-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.40 (m,1H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 2.88-2.81 (m, 1H), 2.73-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.11-2.00 (m,1H), 1.62-1.46 (m, 1H), 1.38 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 3H) A12

450.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.37-8.31 (m, 1H), 8.05(s, 1H), 7.50 (br d, J = 11.5 Hz, 1H), 5.39-5.29 (m, 1H), 5.23 (q, J =6.6 Hz, 1H), 4.03-3.88 (m, 3H), 3.63 (dt, J = 4.8, 9.4 Hz, 1H), 3.48(dt, J = 2.0, 11.6 Hz, 1H), 3.21 (dd, J = 9.8, 11.0 Hz, 1H), 2.19-2.09(m, 1H), 1.75-1.53 (m, 10H) A13

450.3 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.43 (s, 1H), 8.09-7.83(m, 1H), 7.59-7.32 (m, 2H), 5.79 (br d, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 5.20- 5.15 (m,1H), 5.14-5.06 (m, 1H), 4.96 (br d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 3.88-3.78 (m, 3H),3.51 (br s, 1H), 3.10-2.98 (m, 1H), 1.96 (br s, 1H), 1.65-1.55 (m, 10H).one signal obscured by residual water A14

511.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.44 (s, 2H), 7.98 (brs, 1H), 7.64-7.36 (m, 2H), 5.36 (br s, 1H), 5.22 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H),4.20-4.12 (m, 1H), 4.07 (br d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.01-3.94 (m, 1H),3.88-3.78 (m, 2H), 3.67- 3.56 (m, 2H), 3.49 (s, 1H), 2.90 (s, 3H),2.87-2.81 (m, 1H), 2.66 (br t, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), 2.61-2.54 (m, 1H),2.32-2.20 (m, 1H), 2.10-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.47 (m, 1H) A15

481.2 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (4500 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.38 (s, 1H), 8.35 (s,1H), 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J = 1.0, 11.7 Hz, 1H), 3.98-3.92 (m, 1H),3.85 (ddd, J = 1.8, 4.7, 11.7 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (dt, J = 4.9, 9.0 Hz, 1H),3.72-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.60 (m, 1H), 2.96 (dt, J = 2.7, 11.9 Hz, 1H), 2.90(s, 3H), 2.77 (dd, J = 9.5, 11.6 Hz, 1H), 2.25 (br dd, J = 3.7, 13.4 Hz,1H), 1.80- 1.61 (m, 1H), 1.31-1.22 (m, 2H), 1.20-1.09 (m, 2H) A16

521.1 [M + Na]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.44 (s,1H), 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.67 (d, J = 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (br s, 1H), 5.23 (d, J= 4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.83 (td, J = 6.7, 13.4 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (br d, J = 5.6 Hz,1H), 3.70-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.40 (m, 1H), 2.96- 2.77 (m, 4H), 2.72-2.61(m, 1H), 2.06 (br s, 1H), 1.64-1.46 (m, J = 6.7 Hz, 7H) A17

509.0 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.45 (d, J = 4.0 Hz,1H), 8.05 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H),5.21 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 5.13- 5.02 (m, 1H), 4.99-4.89 (m, 1H), 4.54(br s, 1H), 4.22 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (dd, J = 3.5, 12.3 Hz, 1H),3.78 (br s, 1H), 3.67-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.55- 3.45 (m, 1H), 2.99-2.83 (m,4H), 2.75-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.21- 2.05 (m, 1H), 2.00-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.65-1.45(m, 1H), 0.99 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H); [α]_(D) ²⁰ = −66 (c = 0.1, MeOH) A18

509.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.45 (d, J = 3.8 Hz,1H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 7.68 (br d, J = 11.8 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (br d, J = 7.8 Hz,1H), 5.23 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (s, 2H), 3.93 (s, 2H), 3.78 (br s,1H), 3.69-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.55- 3.45 (m, 1H), 2.93-2.83 (m, 4H), 2.71-2.65(m, 1H), 2.11 (br s, 1H), 1.65 (s, 6H), 1.56- 1.46 (m, 1H) A19

432.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.44 (d, J = 4.0 Hz,1H), 8.21 (br s, 1H), 7.67 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J = 7.8 Hz,1H), 5.02-4.93 (m, 3H), 3.93 (s, 2H), 3.87-3.76 (m, 3H), 3.55- 3.45 (m,1H), 3.32 (br s, 1H), 3.06 (t, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H), 2.00 (br s, 1H), 1.65(d, J = 1.8 Hz, 6H), 1.56-1.44 (m, 1H) A20

447.8 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.33 (s, 1H), 7.64 (d, J= 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (dd, J = 1.2, 11.2 Hz, 1H), 5.29 (br d, J = 5.9 Hz,1H), 4.99 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 4.48 (q, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (d, J =1.5 Hz, 2H), 4.06 (dd, J = 5.0, 11.4 Hz, 1H), 3.99 (br dd, J = 4.3, 11.3Hz, 1H), 3.89- 3.80 (m, 1H), 3.63 (dt, J = 5.0, 9.4 Hz, 1H), 3.46 (dt, J= 2.1, 11.8 Hz, 1H), 3.18 (t, J = 10.7 Hz, 1H), 2.10-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.80(d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H), 1.77- 1.67 (m, 1H), 1.64 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H) A21

447.8 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 8.33 (s, 1H), 7.62 (s,1H), 7.47 (dd, J = 1.1, 11.2 Hz, 1H), 5.28 (br d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 5.06-4.72 (m, 2H), 4.48 (q, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 4.12 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 2H), 4.06(dd, J = 5.0, 11.4 Hz, 1H), 3.99 (br dd, J = 4.3, 11.7 Hz, 1H),3.90-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.63 (dt, J = 4.8, 9.4 Hz, 1H), 3.51-3.42 (m, 1H),3.18 (t, J = 10.6 Hz, 1H), 2.09-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.81 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H),1.77-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.64 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H) A22

461.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.41 (s, 1H), 8.09-7.88(m, 1H), 7.47 (br s, 2H), 4.94 (br d, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 3.86-3.71 (m,5H), 3.50 (br s, 1H), 3.29-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.03 (br t, J = 10.3 Hz, 1H),2.75 (s, 2H), 2.44 (s, 3H), 1.95 (br s, 1H), 1.65 (s, 6H), 1.56-1.48 (m,1H) A23

490.0 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.12-7.87(m, 1H), 7.63-7.26 (m, 2H), 5.90- 5.75 (m, 1H), 5.64 (s, 1H), 4.98 (brd, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.94- 3.76 (m, 3H), 3.58-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.32-3.27 (m,1H), 3.03 (br t, J = 10.5 Hz, 1H), 2.05- 1.87 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.56 (m,9H), 1.51 (br d, J = 13.1 Hz, 1H), 1.42-1.31 (m, 1H), 0.74- 0.61 (m,1H), 0.55-0.34 (m, 3H); [α]_(D) ²² = −6 (c = 0.1, MeOH) A24

490.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.13-7.81(m, 1H), 7.62-7.15 (m, 2H), 5.90- 5.75 (m, 1H), 5.64 (s, 1H), 4.97 (brd, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.94- 3.70 (m, 3H), 3.59-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.32-3.25 (m,1H), 3.03 (br t, J = 10.3 Hz, 1H), 2.04- 1.84 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.57 (m,9H), 1.55-1.45 (m, 1H), 1.42- 1.31 (m, 1H), 0.74-0.63 (m, 1H), 0.59-0.30(m, 3H); [α]_(D) ²² = −22 (c = 0.1, MeOH) A25

496.9 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.40 (s, 1H), 8.18 (brs, 1H), 7.57-7.34 (m, 2H), 5.22 (br s, 1H), 4.17 (s, 3H), 3.79 (br s,1H), 3.67-3.56 (m, 3H), 3.55- 3.45 (m, 1H), 2.89 (s, 3H), 2.87- 2.80 (m,1H), 2.66 (br t, J = 10.5 Hz, 1H), 2.05 (br s, 1H), 1.60-1.40 (m, 1H),1.46 (br d, J = 6.7 Hz, 6H) A26

525.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.04 (brs, 1H), 7.68-7.24 (m, 2H), 5.22 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (t, J = 4.8Hz, 2H), 4.22 (br t, J = 4.6 Hz, 2H), 3.93-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.60 (br d, J =8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.49 (br d, J = 11.3 Hz, 1H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 2.88-2.80 (m,1H), 2.74- 2.55 (m, 2H), 2.07 (br d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), 1.70 (s, 6H),1.53 (br d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H) A27

448.0 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.40 (s, 1H), 8.03 (brs, 1H), 7.57-7.34 (m, 2H), 4.94 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 4.45 (t, J = 5.0Hz, 2H), 4.21 (t, J = 4.9 Hz, 2H), 3.86-3.77 (m, 3H), 3.49 (br d, J =4.1 Hz, 1H), 3.03 (t, J = 10.5 Hz, 1H), 1.94 (br s, 1H), 1.68 (s, 6H),1.57-1.40 (m, 1H); one proton obscured by solvent peak A28

479.3 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.38 (s, 1H), 8.32-8.22(m, 1H), 7.59 (br s, 2H), 7.51-7.35 (m, 1H), 5.22 (d, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H),4.13 (s, 3H), 3.84-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.53 (m, 3H), 3.53-3.47 m, 1H),2.89 (s, 3H), 2.87-2.78 (m, 1H), 2.69- 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.13-1.97 (m, 1H),1.57-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.46 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H) A29

495.3 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.39 (s, 1H), 8.37-8.24(m, 1H), 7.60 (br d, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 7.53-7.38 (m, 1H), 5.76 (s, 1H),5.22 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (s, 3H), 3.83-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.59 (m, 2H),3.51-3.44 (m, 1H), 2.89 (s, 3H), 2.87- 2.79 (m, 1H), 2.68-2.60 (m, 1H),2.10-1.99 (m, 1H), 1.75 (s, 6H), 1.58-1.46 (m, 1H) A30

539.2 [M + H]⁺ (APCI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆, VT 80° C.) δ 8.39 (s,1H), 7.95 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (dd, J = 0.9, 11.9 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d,J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 5.05-4.93 (m, 5H), 4.83-4.71 (m, 1H), 4.64- 4.50 (m,1H), 3.88-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.72-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.59- 3.46 (m, 1H), 3.20 (d,J = 4.6 Hz, 2H), 2.95-2.83 (m, 4H), 2.78-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.12 (dd, J =3.4, 13.4 Hz, 1H), 1.56 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H) A31

538.9 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.09-7.96(m, 1H), 7.56-7.47 (m, 1H), 6.19 (dd, J = 7.1, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.91- 4.88(m, 1H), 4.86-4.82 (m, 1H), 4.78-4.69 (m, 1H), 4.00- 3.88 (m, 1H),3.86-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.76-3.71 (m, 1H), 3.70- 3.64 (m, 1H), 3.51-3.40 (m,1H), 3.21-3.08 (m, 1H), 2.98- 2.89 (m, 1H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 2.79- 2.68 (m,1H), 2.27-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.62 (m, 7H) A32

539.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.09-7.97(m, 1H), 7.56-7.47 (m, 1H), 6.19 (dd, J = 7.0, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.91- 4.88(m, 1H), 4.86-4.82 (m, 1H), 4.78-4.69 (m, 1H), 4.00- 3.89 (m, 1H),3.86-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.77-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.52- 3.38 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.08 (m,1H), 2.98-2.90 (m, 1H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 2.79-2.67 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.16 (m,1H), 1.71-1.63 (m, J = 1.0, 6.9 Hz, 7H) A33

449.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.51-8.38 (m, 2H),8.18- 7.99 (m, 2H), 7.65-7.42 (m, 2H), 6.04-5.80 (m, 1H), 4.98- 4.91 (m,1H), 3.90-3.73 (m, 3H), 3.57-3.44 (m, 1H), 3.10- 2.96 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.85(m, 1H), 1.65 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H), 1.53-1.37 (m, 1H) A34

463.2 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.15-8.04(m, 1H), 7.54 (d, J = 11.5 Hz, 1H), 6.04-5.83 (m, 1H), 4.04-3.84 (m,3H), 3.70-3.55 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.42 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.15 (m, 1H), 2.97 (s,3H), 2.17- 2.06 (m, 1H), 1.70 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H), 1.67-1.57 (m, 1H) A35

464.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.44 (s, 1H), 8.05-7.87(m, 1H), 7.53-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.06- 6.90 (m, 1H), 5.98-5.66 (m, 2H),5.06-4.75 (m, 1H), 4.06- 3.94 (m, 1H), 3.87-3.68 (m, 3H), 3.48-3.38 (m,2H), 2.01- 1.83 (m, 1H), 1.66 (s, 6H), 1.63- 1.55 (m, 7H); [α]_(D) ²⁰ =−41.9 (c = 0.14, MeOH) A36

485.9 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (700 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.13-7.73(m, 1H), 7.60-7.27 (m, 2H), 6.63- 6.40 (m, 1H), 6.00-5.82 (m, 1H),5.55-5.41 (m, 1H), 5.22- 5.13 (m, 1H), 5.01-4.85 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.74 (m,3H), 3.53- 3.45 (m, 1H), 3.07-2.97 (m, 1H), 2.04-1.85 (m, 1H), 1.68 (d,J = 7.1 Hz, 3H), 1.62 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 3H), 1.55-1.42 (m, 1H); [α]_(D) ²²= −37.3 (c = 0.1, MeOH)

Example A37 (Scheme A-2): Preparation of(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)piperidin-3-ol

A solution of tert-butyl(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate(A-3) (prepared as in Example A1, 1.25 g, 2.49 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) wastreated with TFA (10 mL) and then stirred at ambient temperature for 1h. The mixture was concentrated and the crude residue was taken up intoDCM (10 mL). The pH was adjusted to ˜7-8 with NH₄OH. The product wasextracted with water (20 mL). The aqueous phase was washed with DCM(3×15 mL). A white solid formed in the aqueous layer, which wascollected by filtration to provide(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)piperidin-3-ol(Example A37) (880 mg, 88% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 8.47 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H), 8.10 (s, 1H), 7.73-7.57 (m, 1H),7.51-7.39 (m, 1H), 5.69-5.62 (m, 1H), 4.90-4.72 (m, 1H), 4.43-4.30 (m,1H), 4.08-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.77 (m, 1H), 3.50-3.39 (m, 2H), 3.07-2.96(m, 1H), 2.95-2.82 (m, 1H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 2.28-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.64(m, 1H), 1.59 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₂H₂₄F₂N₆O), 403.1(M+H)⁺.

Example A38 (Scheme A-3): Preparation of(3R,4R)-4-[(4-{1-[(2R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl]-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}-5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

To a solution of tert-butyl{(2R)-2-[6-(5-chloro-2-{[(3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]propyl}carbamate(A-4) (Prepared as in Example A1, 130 mg, 0.212 mmol) in MeOH (2.5 mL)was added a solution of HCl (4.0 M in 1,4-dioxane, 2.5 mL) dropwise at0° C. After the addition the reaction solution was stirred at roomtemperature for 2 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of the startingmaterial with formation of the desired product mass. The reaction wasconcentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC ona DuraShell column (150×25 mm, 5 μm particle size) which was eluted with7-37% MeCN/H₂O (+0.05% HCl) with a flow rate of 30 mL/min to provide(3R,4R)-4-[(4-{1-[(2R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl]-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}-5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example A38) (39.5 mg, 34% yield) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 8.39 (s, 1H), 8.06-7.97 (m, 1H), 7.67-7.52 (m, 1H), 5.06-4.79(m, 1H), 3.81-3.70 (m, 1H), 3.66-3.54 (m, 3H), 3.51-3.43 (m, 1H),3.42-3.33 (m, 1H), 2.85 (s, 3H), 2.82-2.77 (m, 1H), 2.74 (s, 3H),2.68-2.56 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.64 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 1.58-1.45(m, 1H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₂₁H₂₇ClFN₇O₃S), 512.2 (M+H)⁺.

The examples in the below table were synthesized according to themethods used for the synthesis of(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example A37) (Scheme A-2) and(3R,4R)-4-[(4-{1-[(2R)-1-aminopropan-2-yl]-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}-5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example A38) (Scheme A-3). The following examples were synthesized withnon-critical changes or substitutions to the exemplified procedures thatsomeone who is skilled in the art would be able to realize. Ifnecessary, separation of the enantiomers was carried out under standardmethods known in the art, such as chiral SFC or HPLC, to afford singleenantiomers.

Example number Structure/Name LCMS NMR A39

534.2 [M + Na]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.45-8.27 (m, 1H),8.03- 7.87 (m, 1H), 7.65-7.49 (m, 1H), 5.08-4.85 (m, 1H), 3.83- 3.68 (m,1H), 3.67-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.54-3.35 (m, 2H), 2.91- 2.79 (m, 4H), 2.75-2.61(m, 4H), 2.12-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.71- 1.50 (m, 4H) A40

512.2 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.39 (s, 1H), 8.01-7.82(m, 1H), 7.58-7.31 (m, 1H), 4.48- 4.34 (m, 2H), 3.82-3.72 (m, 1H),3.71-3.63 (m, 1H), 3.63- 3.54 (m, 2H), 3.51-3.42 (m, 1H), 2.85 (s, 3H),2.82-2.73 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.57 (m, 4H), 2.10-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.59-1.45 (m,1H), 1.24 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 3H) A41

463.4 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.41 (s, 1H), 8.05-7.81(m, 1H), 7.57-7.22 (m, 2H), 6.24- 6.06 (m, 1H), 4.99-4.89 (m, 1H),3.90-3.73 (m, 3H), 3.54- 3.46 (m, 1H), 3.32-3.30 (m, 1H), 3.07-2.95 (m,1H), 2.33- 2.22 (m, 1H), 2.04-1.88 (m, 1H), 1.60-1.56 (m, 12H), 1.53-1.40 (m, 1H) A42

463.4 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.34 (s, 1H), 8.25-8.14(m, 1H), 7.56-7.38 (m, 1H), 4.84- 4.77 (m, 1H), 4.66-4.58 (m, 1H),4.01-3.94 (m, 2H), 3.93- 3.87 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.44 (m,1H), 3.24- 3.13 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.07 (m, 1H), 1.94 (s, 9H), 1.68-1.61 (m,1H), 1.59 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H) A43

461.3 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.41 (s, 1H), 8.03-7.82(m, 1H), 7.57-7.22 (m, 2H), 5.50- 5.24 (m, 1H), 4.99-4.91 (m, 1H),3.91-3.75 (m, 3H), 3.57- 3.44 (m, 1H), 3.09-2.96 (m, 1H), 2.63-2.54 (m,1H), 2.06- 1.86 (m, 1H), 1.62 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H), 1.56-1.41 (m, 1H),1.21-1.13 (m, 2H), 1.03-0.94 (m, 2H) A44

448.9 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.41 (s, 1H), 8.05-7.75(m, 1H), 7.55-7.26 (m, 2H), 5.11- 5.01 (m, 1H), 4.99-4.89 (m, 1H), 3.99(s, 2H), 3.88-3.74 (m, 3H), 3.54-3.46 (m, 1H), 3.06-2.98 (m, 1H), 2.32(s, 3H), 2.04-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.58 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H), 1.53-1.40 (m, 1H)A45

477.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.57 (s, 1H), 8.30 (s,1H), 7.79- 7.70 (m, 1H), 5.14-5.02 (m, 1H), 4.08-3.88 (m, 3H), 3.71-3.62 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.54 (s, 2H), 3.52-3.42 (m, 1H),3.25-3.17 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.71 (m, 7H), 1.57 (s, 6H)A46

447.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆ + D₂O) δ 8.38 (s, 1H),7.96 (br s, 1H), 7.39 (br d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 4.95 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H),4.03 (s, 2H), 3.81 (br dd, J = 5.3, 10.8 Hz, 3H), 3.49 (br s, 1H), 3.30(br t, J = 11.2 Hz, 1H), 3.07-2.94 (m, 3H), 1.94 (br s, 1H), 1.60 (s,6H), 1.49 (br d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H) A47

526.3 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.43 (s, 1H), 7.92 (brs, 1H), 7.57-7.31 (m, 2H), 5.23 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 5.15 (td, J = 6.9,14.0 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (q, J = 6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.87-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.61 (br d, J= 8.5 Hz, 2H), 3.50 (br d, J = 12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.93- 2.82 (m, 4H), 2.66(br t, J = 11.0 Hz, 1H), 2.20-2.04 (m, 3H), 1.67-1.42 (m, 10H); [α]_(D)²⁰ = −13.3 (c = 0.1, MeOH) A48

526.3 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.43 (s, 1H), 8.05-7.87(m, 1H), 7.59-7.30 (m, 2H), 5.23 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 5.15 (quin, J =6.9 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (q, J = 6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (br d, J = 5.8 Hz, 1H), 3.61(br d, J = 9.3 Hz, 2H), 3.49 (br d, J = 12.3 Hz, 1H), 2.90 (s, 3H),2.88-2.79 (m, 1H), 2.70-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.16 (br s, 3H), 1.63-1.47 (m,10H); [α]_(D) ²⁰ = −18.1 (c = 0.1, MeOH) A49

435.0 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.53-8.26 (m, 2H),7.61- 7.28 (m, 2H), 4.99-4.88 (m, 1H), 4.49 (s, 3H), 3.86-3.75 (m, 3H),3.53-3.43 (m, 1H), 3.07-2.99 (m, 1H), 2.03-1.89 (m, 1H), 1.72 (s, 6H),1.57- 1.41 (m, 1H) A50

448.9 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 80° C.) δ 8.87 (br. s,1H), 8.64 (br. s, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.38(m, 2H), 5.24 (hept, J = 7.6, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 5.13 (q, J = 6.5 Hz, 1H),3.38-3.23 (m, 2H), 3.06- 2.95 (m, 1H), 3.05-2.80 (m, 1H), 2.31-2.19 (m,1H), 1.82- 1.70 (m, 1H), 1.67-1.58 (m, 9H); two protons obscured bysolvent peak A51

435.0 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s,1H), 8.07-7.92 (m, 1H), 7.52-7.30 (m, 1H), 3.88-3.69 (m, 3H), 3.56-3.43(m, 1H), 3.38-3.21 (m, 1H), 3.11-2.96 (m, 3H), 2.00-1.86 (m, 1H), 1.64(s, 6H), 1.54-1.40 (m, 1H) A52

448.9 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, D₂O) δ 8.50- 8.33 (m, 1H),8.24-8.13 (m, 1H), 7.78-7.64 (m, 1H), 4.03- 3.89 (m, 3H), 3.87-3.80 (m,2H), 3.74-3.62 (m, 1H), 3.59- 3.44 (m, 1H), 3.30-3.20 (m, 1H), 3.15-2.97(m, 3H), 2.12- 1.97 (m, 7H), 1.77-1.55 (m, 1H) A53

448.9 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.41 (s, 1H), 8.07-7.87(m, 1H), 7.54-7.25 (m, 2H), 5.15- 5.00 (m, 1H), 4.97-4.85 (m, 1H),4.61-4.46 (m, 1H), 3.87- 3.75 (m, 3H), 3.59-3.48 (m, 1H), 3.07-2.98 (m,1H), 2.03- 1.89 (m, 1H), 1.60 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H), 1.55-1.45 (m, 4H) A54

435.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) at 80° C. δ = 8.40 (s,1H), 8.10- 7.98 (m, 1H), 7.48 (br d, J = 11.0 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.11 (m,1H), 4.89 (m, 1H), 4.73 (m, 1H), 4.36 (m, 2H), 3.84 (m, 4H), 3.66-3.50(m, 1H), 3.35 (m, 2H), 3.11 (m, 1H), 2.14- 1.99 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.49 (m,7H) A55

433.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 7.83 (brs, 1H), 7.58-7.31 (m, 2H), 4.95 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (br s, 1H),4.20-4.02 (m, 2H), 3.90-3.76 (m, 3H), 3.51 (br d, J = 5.3 Hz, 2H),3.30-3.24 (m, 1H), 3.12- 2.99 (m, 2H), 1.95 (br d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H),1.50 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 4H); [α]_(D) ²⁰ = 27.7 (c = 0.13, MeOH) A56

433.2 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.47-8.34 (m, 1H), 7.82(br s, 1H), 7.62-7.32 (m, 2H), 4.94 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (br s,1H), 4.17-4.00 (m, 2H), 3.82 (br dd, J = 4.9, 10.7 Hz, 3H), 3.50 (br s,2H), 3.29-3.21 (m, 1H), 3.09-2.97 (m, 2H), 1.97 (br s, 1H), 1.58-1.41(m, 4H); [α]_(D) ²⁰ = 48.2 (c = 0.13, MeOH) A57

499.4 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.41 (s, 1H), 8.08-7.80(m, 1H), 7.57-7.28 (m, 2H), 6.26- 5.80 (m, 1H), 5.01-4.78 (m, 2H),3.91-3.73 (m, 3H), 3.60- 3.44 (m, 2H), 3.22-3.11 (m, 1H), 3.08-2.89 (m,2H), 2.04- 1.80 (m, 3H), 1.66-1.55 (m, 6H), 1.53-1.44 (m, 1H) A58

499.0 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 7.98 (brs, 1H), 7.56-7.17 (m, 2H), 6.21 (td, J = 55.6, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 4.91 (dq, J= 20.7, 6.9, 6.1 Hz, 2H), 3.98- 3.69 (m, 4H), 3.51 (s, 1H), 3.30- 3.26(m, 1H), 3.21-2.89 (m, 2H), 1.97 (br s, 1H), 1.60 (dd, J = 6.9, 3.5 Hz,6H), 1.57-1.45 (m, 1H) A59

503.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.34 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s,1H), 7.49 (d, J = 11.5 Hz, 1H), 5.07-4.91 (m, 1H), 4.03-3.85 (m, 3H),3.62 (s, 1H), 3.53-3.43 (m, 1H), 3.26-3.14 (m, 3H), 2.19- 2.10 (m, 1H),1.92-1.76 (m, 4H), 1.77-1.56 (m, 11H)

Example A60 (Scheme A-4): Preparation of1,5-anhydro-3-[(4-{1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1H-benzimidazo-6-yl}-5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol

To a solution of1,5-anhydro-3-[(4-{1-tert-butyl-2-[(1R)-1-{[ter-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}ethyl]-4-fluoro-1H-benzimnidazol-6-yl}-5-chloropyrimnidin-2-yl)amnino]-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(A-5)(Prepared as in Example A1, 70.0 mg, 0.121 mmol) in MeOH (1.0 mL)was added HCl (4.0 N in 1,4-dioxane, 3.0 mL) dropwise at 0° C. Thesolution was stirred at 30° C. for 4 h. TLC analysis showed consumptionof the starting material. The solution was basified with NH₄OH to pH˜9and then concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified bypreparative HPLC on a Boston Uni C-18 column (40×150 mm, 5 μm particlesize), which was eluted with 13-53% MeCN/H₂O (+0.05% HCl) with a flowrate of 60 mL/min. The material was re-purified by preparative HPLC on aDuraShell column (150×25 mm, 5 μm particle size), which was eluted with27-47% MeCN/H₂O (+0.05% NH₄OH) with a flow rate of 25 mL/min to provide1,5-anhydro-3-[(4-{1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}-5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(Example A60) (4.2 mg, 8% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 8.41 (s, 1H), 8.04 (br s, 1H), 7.54-7.32 (m, 1H), 5.53 (d,J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 5.28-5.20 (m, 1H), 4.95 (d, J=5.3 Hz, 1H), 3.86-3.76 (m,3H), 3.50 (br d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 3.03 (br t, J=10.3 Hz, 1H), 2.07 (s,1H), 2.01-1.91 (m, 1H), 1.88 (s, 9H), 1.67 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 3H), 1.56-1.44(m, 1H); one proton obscured by solvent peak; m/z (ESI+) for(C₂₂H₂₇ClFN₅O₃), 464.1 (M+H)⁺.

The examples in the below table were synthesized according to themethods used for the synthesis of1,5-anhydro-3-[(4-{1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}-5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(Example A60) (Scheme A-4). The following examples were synthesized withnon-critical changes or substitutions to the exemplified procedures thatsomeone who is skilled in the art would be able to realize.

Example number Structure/Name LCMS NMR A61

464.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.34 (s, 1H), 8.19 (s,1H), 7.48 (d, J = 11.3 Hz, 1H), 5.46 (q, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 4.02-3.87 (m,3H), 3.66-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.48 (td, J = 11.7, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 3.24- 3.16 (m,1H), 2.18-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.97 (s, 9H), 1.76 (d, J = 6.4 Hz, 3H),1.70-1.57 (m, 1H) A62

541.0 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.26-7.97(m, 1H), 7.44 (d, J = 53.2 Hz, 2H), 5.53 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.29- 5.21(m, 2H), 3.80 (s, 1H), 3.60 (d, 2H), 3.48 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H),2.93-2.78 (m, 4H), 2.71- 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.07-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.88 (s, 9H),1.67 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 3H), 1.53 (d, J = 12.2 Hz, 1H) A63

447.9 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.35 (d, J= 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J = 11.0 Hz, 1H), 5.29 (s, 2H), 4.07-3.92 (m,3H), 3.67 (td, J = 9.6, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 3.54-3.44 (m, 1H), 3.28-3.19 (m,1H), 2.16- 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.70 (m, 4H), 1.49 (s, 2H), 1.36 (s, 2H)A64

468.2 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 7.91 (brs, 1H), 7.42 (br s, 2H), 5.72 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.91 (dd, J = 5.4,1.3 Hz, 1H), 4.79 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.63 (d, J = 22.6 Hz, 2H), 3.82(qt, J = 10.8, 6.4 Hz, 3H), 3.56-3.47 (m, 1H), 3.04 (t, J = 10.4 Hz,1H), 1.98 (br s, 1H), 1.50 (qd, J = 12.0, 4.5 Hz, 2H), 1.39 (s, 3H),1.35 (s, 3H) A65

524.9 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.47 (s, 1H), 8.18 (brs, 1H), 7.61 (br s, 2H), 5.25 (td, J = 8.9, 17.6 Hz, 1H), 4.87 (s, 2H),3.81 (br s, 1H), 3.61 (br d, J = 10.3 Hz, 2H), 3.49 (br d, J = 12.1 Hz,1H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 2.85 (br t, J = 9.8 Hz, 3H), 2.71- 2.54 (m, 3H),2.13-1.84 (m, 3H), 1.55 (br s, 1H) A66

483.9 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.46 (s, 1H), 7.99 (brs, 1H), 7.77-7.37 (m, 2H), 5.30 (br d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1H), 4.86 (s, 2H),3.92-3.74 (m, 3H), 3.64-3.43 (m, 3H), 3.43-3.25 (m, 3H), 3.04 (t, J =10.4 Hz, 1H), 2.16- 1.86 (m, 1H), 1.61-1.39 (m, 1H)

Example A67 (Scheme A-5): Preparation of1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-4-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol

To a yellow solution of1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-4-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1H-benzimnidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amnino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(A-6) (Prepared as in Example A1, 200 mg, 0.33 mmol) in THF (10.0 mL)was added TBAF (174 mg, 0.67 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture wasstirred for 2 h, at which time LCMS analysis indicated completeconsumption of starting material with formation of the desired productmass. The reaction was concentrated. The residue was taken up in EtOAc(50 mL), washed with H₂O (2×50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by preparative HPLCon a DuraShell column (150×25 mm, 5 μm particle size), which was elutedwith 26-46% MeCN/H₂O (+0.05% NH₄OH) with a flow rate of 25 mL/min toprovide1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-4-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(Example A67) (34.2 mg, 21% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 7.88 (s, 1H), 7.56-7.34 (m, 2H), 6.41 (tt,J=55.9, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 5.98 (s, 1H), 5.04 (td, J=14.0, 4.2 Hz, 2H), 4.93(d, J=5.4 Hz, 1H), 3.88-3.74 (m, 3H), 3.55-3.46 (m, 1H), 3.03 (t, J=10.4Hz, 1H), 2.04-1.83 (m, 1H), 1.68 (d, J=1.8 Hz, 6H), 1.56-1.42 (m, 1H);one proton obscured by solvent peak; m/z (ESI+) for (C₂₁H₂₃ClF₃N₅O₃),486.0 (M+H)⁺.

The example in the below table was synthesized according to the methodsused for the synthesis of1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[1-(2,2-difluoroethyl)-4-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(Example A67) (Scheme A-5). The following example was synthesized withnon-critical changes or substitutions to the exemplified procedures thatsomeone who is skilled in the art would be able to realize.

Example number Structure/Name LCMS NMR A68

448.2 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.43 (d, J = 4.0 Hz,1H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, J = 12.1 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H),5.92-5.70 (m, 2H), 4.96 (s, 1H), 3.91-3.73 (m, 3H), 3.62- 3.46 (m, 1H),3.13-2.99 (m, 1H), 2.14-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.67 (s, 6H), 1.65-1.44 (m, 7H);one proton obscured by solvent peak

Example A69 (Scheme A-6): Preparation of(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[2-(difluoromethyl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

To a solution of6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-2-(difluoromethyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(A-7) (prepared as in Example A1, 49.6 mg, 0.132 mmol) in THF (1.32 mL)were added (3R,4R)-4-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol (Int-69)(38.5 mg, 0.198 mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (129 mg, 0.397 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (6 mg,0.0264 mmol), and rac-BINAP (17 mg, 0.0264 mmol). The mixture wassparged with N₂ for 10 min and then stirred for 105 min at 80° C. withmicrowave irradiation. LCMS analysis indicated complete consumption ofthe starting material with formation of the desired product mass. Thereaction was diluted with MeOH and then filtered through a filter disc(0.2 m). The material was purified by preparative SFC on a NacalaiCosmosil 3-hydroxyphenyl-bonded column (150×20 mm), which was elutedwith 12-23% MeOH/CO₂ with a flow rate of 85 mL/min to provide(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[2-(difluoromethyl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example A69) (33.1 mg, 47% yield) as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆,80° C.) 5=8.43 (s, 1H), 8.10 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.57-7.23 (m, 3H),5.14-5.02 (m, 1H), 4.97 (br. s., 1H), 3.90-3.75 (m, 2H), 3.73-3.63 (m,2H), 3.55 (d, J=13.1 Hz, 1H), 2.89-2.86 (s, 3H), 2.78-2.66 (m, 1H),2.18-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.68 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H), 1.63-1.59 (m, 1H); m/z (APCl)for (C₂₁H₂₄ClF₃N₆O₃S), 533.0 (M+H)⁺.

Example A70 (Scheme A-7): Preparation of(3R,4R)-4-({5-ethyl-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

A solution of6-(2-chloro-5-ethylpyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(A-8) (prepared as in Example A1, 80.0 mg, 0.240 mmol) in2-methyl-2-butanol (6 mL) was treated with Cs₂CO₃ (157 mg, 0.481 mmol)and (3R,4R)-4-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol (Int-69) (60.7 mg,0.312 mmol) and sparged with N₂.Chloro-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)-ferrocen-1-yl-(dinorbornylphosphine)palladium(SK-0002-A) (14.6 mg, 0.024 mmol) was added and the mixture againsparged with N₂. The reaction mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 16 h.The crude mixture was combined with a second reaction run in analogousfashion on a 30 mg scale and concentrated. The residue was partitionedbetween water (30 mL) and EtOAc (30 mL). The aqueous phase was extractedwith EtOAc (30 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine,dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude residue waspurified in two stages, first by preparative TLC (SiO₂, 10:1 DCM/MeOH,R_(f)=0.5) and then by preparative HPLC with an Xbridge column (150×30mm, 10 μm particle size, column temperature 25° C.), which was elutedwith 15-55% MeCN/H₂O (+0.05% NH₄OH) with a flow rate of 25 mL/min toprovide(3R,4R)-4-({5-ethyl-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example A70) (25.4 mg, 22% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 8.27 (s, 1H), 7.60 (s, 1H), 7.12 (br d, J=11.5 Hz, 1H), 6.99(br d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 4.84-4.75 (m, 1H),3.81-3.74 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.49-3.44 (m, 1H), 2.89 (s, 3H),2.87-2.81 (m, 1H), 2.71-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 2.59-2.54 (m, 2H),2.12-2.04 (m, 1H), 1.57 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H), 1.54-1.45 (m, J=10.0 Hz, 1H),1.04 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₂₃H₃₁FN₆O₃S), 491.1 (M+H)⁺.

The examples in the below table were synthesized according to themethods used for the synthesis of(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[2-(difluoromethyl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example A70) (Scheme A-6) and(3R,4R)-4-({5-ethyl-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example A65) (Scheme A-7). The following examples were synthesized withnon-critical changes or substitutions to the exemplified procedures thatsomeone who is skilled in the art would be able to realize.

Example number Structure/Name LCMS NMR A71

525.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (700 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.73-8.18 (m, 2H),7.83- 6.97 (m, 2H), 5.75 (ddd, J = 13.2, 7.7, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 5.19- 5.08(m, 2H), 5.07-4.89 (m, 2H), 3.79 (s, 1H), 3.67-3.59 (m, 5H), 2.94-2.87(m, 5H), 2.86-2.79 (m, 1H), 2.64 (t, J = 10.3 Hz, 1H), 1.57-1.44 (m,1H), 1.30 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 3H) A72

495.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.96 (s, 1H) 7.30-7.57(m, 1H) 6.99-7.11 (m, 1H) 6.89- 6.98 (m, 1H) 4.74 (d, J = 4.59 Hz, 1H)3.30-3.38 (m, 1H) 3.15 (d, J = 10.64 Hz, 2H) 3.04 (d, J = 12.10 Hz, 2H)2.44 (s, 3H) 2.41 (d, J = 2.38 Hz, 1H) 2.21 (s, 1H) 2.18 (s, 3H) 1.01-1.15 (m, 1H) 0.72-0.82 (m, 3H) 0.56-0.64 (m, 2H) A73

527.5 [M + H]⁺ (APCI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d,J = 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (dd, J = 11.8, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.6 Hz,1H), 4.98 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 1H), 4.84 (ddd, J = 8.4, 7.0, 4.7 Hz, 1H),3.90 (dd, J = 10.5, 8.5 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (ddd, J = 12.3, 6.1, 4.3 Hz, 1H),3.73 (dd, J = 10.5, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.70-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.59-3.48 (m, 1H),3.22 (s, 3H), 2.92 (dd, J = 10.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 2.89 (s, 3H), 2.77- 2.68(m, 1H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 2.18- 2.08 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.50 (m, 5H); [α]_(D) ²²= +42.1° (c = 0.1, MeOH) A74

527.5 [M + H]⁺ (APCI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.93 (d,J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (dd, J = 11.8, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.7 Hz,1H), 4.97 (s, 1H), 4.91-4.73 (m, 1H), 3.89 (dd, J = 10.5, 8.5 Hz, 1H),3.82 (ddd, J = 9.3, 7.9, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (dd, J = 10.5, 4.8 Hz, 1H),3.70-3.63 (m, 1H), 3.58-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 2.94-2.89 (m, 1H),2.89 (s, 3H), 2.77-2.68 (m, 1H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 2.16-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.60(d, J = 7.1 Hz, 5H) A75

527.1 [M + H]⁺ (APCI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.40 (s, 1H), 8.00 (d,J = 0.98 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.51 (m, 1H), 7.12-7.23 (m, 1H), 4.96 (s, 2H),4.76 (s, 2H), 3.75-3.89 (m, 1H), 3.67 (s, 2H), 3.47- 3.58 (m, 1H), 3.37(s, 3H), 2.89- 2.94 (m, 1H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 2.65-2.77 (m, 1H), 2.07-2.17(m, 1H), 1.63 (d, J = 6.97 Hz, 6H), 1.57-1.48 (m, 1H). A76

463.4 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.40 (s, 1H), 8.28 (d, J= 4.2 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (dt, J = 8.5, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H),3.95-3.66 (m, 4H), 2.98 (td, J = 11.8, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 2.91 (s, 3H), 2.78(dd, J = 11.5, 9.1 Hz, 1H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.36- 2.24 (m, 1H), 1.80-1.64(m, 7H); one proton obscured by solvent peak A77

463.3 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.47-8.34 (M, 3H),7.91- 7.83 (m, 1H), 7.82-7.75 (m, 1H), 7.18 (br d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 5.22(d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 3.82- 3.46 (m, 4H), 2.95-2.80 (m, 4H), 2.69-2.65(m, 1H), 2.18- 2.02 (m, 1H), 1.75 (s, 9H), 1.63- 1.44 (m, 1H) A78

476.8 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.57-8.26 (m, 2H), 7.82(d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H),5.24 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 3.84-3.72 (m, 1H), 3.72- 3.59 (m, 2H), 3.52(d, J = 12.0 Hz, 1H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 2.90- 2.81 (m, 1H), 2.78 (s, 3H),2.71- 2.60 (m, 1H), 2.19-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.84 (s, 9H), 1.55 (q, J = 11.5Hz, 1H) A79

476.9 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.38 (d, J = 4.0 Hz,1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.64 (q, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H),5.23 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.78 (hept, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 3.83- 3.71 (m,1H), 3.70-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.46 (m, 1H), 2.96- 2.82 (m, 4H), 2.71-2.64(m, 1H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 2.54 (s, 3H), 2.09 (d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H), 1.64-1.48 (m, 7H) A80

432.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.42 (d, J = 4.0 Hz,1H), 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.67 (d, J = 13.1 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (br d, J = 7.8 Hz,1H), 4.95 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 4.45 (t, J = 5.0 Hz, 2H), 4.22 (t, J =5.0 Hz, 2H), 3.87-3.75 (m, 3H), 3.56-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.06 (t, J = 10.4 Hz,1H), 2.00 (br d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 1.70 (s, 6H), 1.55-1.42 (m, 1H) A81

504.9 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.41 (s, 1H), 7.50 (s,1H), 7.10-6.95 (m, 2H), 5.23 (d, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H), 4.86-4.73 (m, 1H),3.77 (br s, 1H), 3.67-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.39 (m, 2H), 2.99-2.81 (m,5H), 2.71-2.60 (m, 4H), 2.14-2.03 (m, 1H), 1.56 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H),1.45- 1.25 (m, 6H) A82

493.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.30 (s, 1H), 8.25 (s,1H), 7.70 (d, J = 12.6 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (d, J =4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.88-4.73 (m, 1H), 3.83 (s, 3H), 3.74 (m, 2H), 3.69-3.57(m, 2H), 2.96- 2.83 (m, 4H), 2.73-2.65 (m, 1H), 2.61 (s, 3H), 2.12 (d, J= 13.2 Hz, 1H), 1.66-1.46 (m, 7H) A83

477.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.22 (s, 1H), 7.70 (d, J= 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (dd, J = 11.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 3.93-3.78 (m, 2H),3.75-3.62 (m, 2H), 2.87 (s, 4H), 2.77-2.64 (m, 4H), 2.25 (m, 4H),1.72-1.60 (m, 7H); one proton obscured by solvent peak A84

456.8 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.47 (s, 1H), 8.25 (bs, 1H), 8.15 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.72- 7.68 (m, 1H), 7.53 (br s, 1H),5.29 (hept, J = 6.7 Hz, 1H), 5.21 (m, 1H), 3.80 (b s, 1H), 3.65-3.57 (m,2H), 3.52- 3.46 (m, 1H), 2.91-2.84 (m, 4H), 2.66 (t, J = 10.3 Hz, 1H),2.10-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.66 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 6H), 1.58-1.49 (m, 1H) A85

480.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.75 (d, J = 2.0 Hz,1H), 8.42- 8.37 (m, 2H), 7.23 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.84 (hept, J = 6.8Hz, 1H), 3.63 (m, 2H), 2.95-2.85 (m, 4H), 2.77-2.64 (m, 4H), 2.19-2.08(m, 1H), 1.80- 1.74 (m, 3H), 1.61 (m, 7H) A86

480.1 [M + H]⁺ (ESI) ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 8.03 (d,J = 8.2, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.42 (s, 1H), 5.23 (s, 1H), 4.79 (h,J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 3.87-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.68-3.56 (m, 3H), 2.92- 2.82 (m,4H), 2.71-2.63 (m, 4H), 2.10-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.67 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H),1.53 (m, 1H)

Example A87 (Scheme A-8): Preparation of(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

A solution of(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-{[(oxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(A-9) (Prepared as in Example A69, 88 mg, 0.15 mmol) in MeOH (3.0 mL) at0° C. was added a solution of HCl (4.0 N in 1,4-dioxane, 0.55 mL, 2.2mmol). After 2.5 h, LCMS analysis showed consumption of the startingmaterial with formation of the desired product mass. The reactionmixture was concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified bypreparative SFC on a Princeton Ha-Morpholine column (150×21.1 mm, 5 μmparticle size, column temperature at 35° C.), which was eluted with22-50% MeOH/CO₂ with a flow rate of 60 mL/min to provide(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example A87) (15 mg, 20% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (600 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 8.42 (s, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.52-7.31 (m, 2H), 5.73 (t, J=5.5Hz, 1H), 5.20 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (hept, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.77 (d,J=5.7 Hz, 2H), 3.86-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.68-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.53-3.46 (m, 1H),2.94-2.80 (m, 4H), 2.71-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.06 (s, 1H), 1.66-1.47 (m, 7H);m/z (ESI+) for (C₂₁H₂₆ClFN₆O₄S), 512.8 (M+H)⁺.

Example A88 (Scheme A-9): Preparation of(3R,4R)-4-({4-[1-(azetidin-3-yl)-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

A solution of tert-butyl3-[6-(2-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl]azetidine-1-carboxylate(A-10) (Prepared as in Example A1, 75.0 mg, 0.170 mmol),(3R,4R)-4-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol (Int-69) (50.1 mg,0.258 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (7.73 mg, 0.034 mmol), rac-BINAP (21.4 mg, 0.034mmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (168 mg, 0.516 mmol) in THF (1.7 mL) was stirred undermicrowave irradiation at 80° C. for 30 min. The mixture was purified viaflash chromatography (SiO₂, 0-100% EtOAc/heptanes). Theproduct-containing fractions were concentrated, taken up into DCM (5mL), and treated with HCl (4.0 M in 1,4-dioxane, 1.0 mL). The mixturewas stirred at ambient temperature for 4 h. The solution wasconcentrated and the crude residue was purified by preparative HPLC on aPhenomenex Gemini NX C18 column (150×21.2 mm, 5 μm particle size), whichwas eluted with 20-100% MeCN/H2O (+10 mM NH₄OAc) with a flow rate of 40mL/min to provide(3R,4R)-4-({4-[1-(azetidin-3-yl)-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example A88) (76 mg, 89% yield) as a solid. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ8.70 (s, 1H), 8.47-8.29 (m, 1H), 7.64 (d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=7.7Hz, 1H), 5.43 (s, 1H), 4.27-3.87 (m, 4H), 3.79 (s, 1H), 3.71-3.54 (m,2H), 3.50 (s, 1H), 3.01-2.78 (m, 5H), 2.68 (t, J=10.3 Hz, 1H), 2.56 (d,J=1.4 Hz, 3H), 2.12 (s, 1H), 1.62-1.43 (m, 1H); m/z (APCl+) for(C₂₁H₂₅F₂N₇O₃S), 494.2 (M+H)⁺.

Example A89 (Scheme A-10): Preparation of(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(oxetan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

Step 1: Synthesis of6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(oxetan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(A-11)

A mixture of 6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(oxetan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-03) (63.0 mg, 0.220 mmol), B₂Pin₂ (84.2 mg, 0.331 mmol), KOAc (65.1mg, 0.663 mmol), and PdCl₂(dppf) (18.0 mg, 0.022 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane(1.1 mL) was sparged with N₂ for 10 min and then heated in a microwaveat 90° C. for 1 h. The mixture was cooled to ambient temperature andcharged with PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (7.71 mg, 0.011 mmol), aqueous Na₂CO₃ (2.0 M,0.33 mL, 0.659 mmol) and 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine (60.5 mg, 37.8 uL,0.330 mmol). The mixture was sparged with nitrogen for 10 min and thenheated in the microwave at 110° C. for 70 min. The mixture waspartitioned between water (2 mL) and EtOAc (2 mL). The aqueous phase wasextracted with EtOAc (3×2 mL). The combined organic phases wereconcentrated to provide6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(oxetan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(A-11), which was taken on without further purification. m/z (APCl+) for(C₁₅H₁₁Cl₂FN₄O), 352.8 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(oxetan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example A89)

Crude6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(oxetan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(A-11) was dissolved in THF (1.8 mL).(3R,4R)-4-Amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol (Int-69) (64.4 mg,0.331 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (9.9 mg, 0.044 mmol), rac-BINAP (27.5 mg, 0.044mmol), and Cs₂CO₃ (216 mg, 0.663 mmol) were added and the mixture wassparged with N₂ for 10 min. The mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 1.5 hwith microwave irradiation. The mixture was cooled to ambienttemperature, diluted with DMSO and filtered through a 0.2 micron filterdisc. The crude material was purified by preparative SFC with aPrinceton HA-morpholine column (150×21.1 mm, 5 μm column particle size,column temperature of 35° C.), which was eluted with 15-50% MeOH/CO₂(+10 mM NH₃) with a flow rate of 80 g/min. The material was re-purifiedby preparative SFC with a Diacel DC pak SFC-B (150×21.1 mm, 5 μmparticle size, column temperature of 35° C.), which was eluted with18-45% MeOH/CO₂ with a flow rate of 80 g/min to provide(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(oxetan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example A89) (15.9 mg, 14% yield over two steps) as a white solid. ¹HNMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 75° C.) δ 8.40 (s, 1H), 8.35 (b s, 1H), 7.49 (d,J=11.7 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 5.76-5.71 (m, 1H), 5.16 (td,J=7.6, 2.7 Hz, 2H), 5.09-5.04 (m, 2H), 5.01 (b s, 1H), 3.85-3.78 (m,1H), 3.70-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.55-3.50 (m, 1H), 2.91-2.85 (m, 4H), 2.72-2.66(m, 1H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 2.15-2.10 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.46 (m, 1H); m/z (APCl+)for (C₂₁H₂₄ClFN₆O₄S), 510.8 (M+H)⁺.

Example A90 (Scheme A-11): Preparation of(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

To a vial was added6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-2-{[(oxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-benzimidazole(A-12) (Prepared according to Example A89, 121 mg, 0.25 mmol),(3R,4R)-4-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol (Int-69) (73.6 mg,0.38 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (11.3 mg, 0.051 mmol), rac-BINAP (31.4 mg, 0.051mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (247 mg, 0.76 mmol), and THF (2.5 mL). The mixture wasstirred at 80° C. with microwave irradiation for 30 min. LCMS analysisshowed consumption of the starting material with formation of thedesired product mass. The mixture was concentrated on SiO₂ and purifiedby flash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂, 0-100% EtOAc/heptanes). Theproduct containing-fractions were concentrated. The residue was taken upin MeOH (5 mL) and treated with HCl (4.0 N in 1,4-dioxane, 1.0 mL) andthe mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h overnight. LCMSanalysis showed partial consumption of the starting material. Anadditional aliquot of HCl (4.0 N in 1,4-dioxane, 1.0 mL) was added. Themixture was stirred for 6 h, at which time LCMS analysis indicatedconsumption of the starting material. The mixture was concentrated andpurified by preparative SFC with a Princeton HA-morpholine column(150×21.1 mm, 5 μm particle size, column temperature 35° C.), which waseluted with 14-50% MeOH/CO₂ at 80 g/min to provide(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example A90) (17 mg, 12% yield) as a gum. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ8.46 (s, 1H), 7.99 (s, 1H), 7.58-7.41 (m, 2H), 5.93 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H),5.49 (q, J=9.1 Hz, 2H), 5.21 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.82 (d, J=5.8 Hz, 2H),3.81 (s, 1H), 3.68-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.49 (d, J=12.1 Hz, 1H), 2.94-2.77 (m,4H), 2.72-2.61 (m, 1H), 2.02 (s, 1H), 1.60-1.44 (m, 1H); m/z (ESI+) for(C₂₀H₂₁ClF₄N₆O₄S), 522.9 (M+H)⁺.

Example A91 (Scheme A-12): Preparation of(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

A mixture of2-(2-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}propan-2-yl)-6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(A-13) (Prepared as in Example A89, 294 mg, 0.590 mmol),(3R,4R)-4-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol (Int-69) (149 mg,0.767 mmol), and DIPEA (0.55 mL, 2.95 mmol) in DMSO (2.8 mL) was stirredat 90° C. for 18 h. The resulting solution was cooled to ambienttemperature and partitioned between water (30 mL) and EtOAc (30 mL). Thelayers were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc(5×30 mL). The combined organic phases were washed with water (3×20 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The resultant yellow foamwas dissolved in THF, cooled to 0° C., and treated with TBAF (1.0 M inTHF, 1.2 mL, 1.2 mmol). The resulting solution was allowed to warm toambient temperature and stirred for 2.5 h before being concentrated. Theresidue was purified by preparative SFC with a ZymorSpher HADP column(150×21.2 mm, 5 μm particle size, 40° C. column temperature), which waseluted with 18% MeOH/CO₂ with a flow rate of 90 mL/min to provide(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example A91) (137 mg, 43% yield) as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆,80° C.) δ 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.98 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (dd, J=11.8, 1.3Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 5.80 (h, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 5.56 (s, 1H),4.97 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 3.87-3.78 (m, 1H), 3.71-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.57-3.51(m, 1H), 2.93-2.85 (m, 4H), 2.75-2.67 (m, 1H), 2.16-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.70(s, 6H), 1.63 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 7H); m/z (APCl+) for (C₂₃H₃₀ClFN₆O₄S), 540.8(M+H)⁺.

Example A92 (Scheme A-13):(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[1-(1,1-difluoropropan-2-yl)-4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

To a vial was added2-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-1-(1,1-difluoropropan-2-yl)-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazole(A-14) (Prepared according to Example A89, 81 mg, 0.16 mmol),(3R,4R)-4-Amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol (Int-69) (46.7 mg,0.24 mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (7.2 mg, 0.032 mmol), rac-BINAP (20.0 mg, 0.032mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (157 mg, 0.48 mmol), and THF (1.6 mL). The mixture wasstirred at 80° C. in a microwave for 30 min. LCMS analysis showedconsumption of the starting material with formation of the desiredproduct mass. The mixture was concentrated onto SiO₂ and purified byflash chromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂, 0-100% EtOAc/heptanes). Theproduct-containing fractions were concentrated and taken up in MeOH (5.0mL). The mixture was treated with HCl (4.0 N in 1,4-dioxane, 2.0 mL) andstirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. LCMS analysis showedconsumption of the starting material with formation of the desiredproduct mass. The mixture was concentrated to dryness and then purifiedby chiral SFC with a ChiralPak AS-H column (100×4.6 mm, 3 μm particlesize), which was eluted with 5-60% MeOH/CO₂ with a flow rate of 4.0mL/min to provide(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[1-(1,1-difluoropropan-2-yl)-4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example A92) (7.4 mg, 8% yield) as the first eluting fraction. ¹H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 80° C.) δ 8.41 (s, 1H), 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=11.6Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (td, J=55.3, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 5.65 (t,J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 5.40-5.26 (m, 1H), 4.97 (d, J=4.6 Hz, 1H), 4.83 (d, J=5.6Hz, 2H), 3.87-3.76 (m, 1H), 3.72-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.59-3.51 (m, 1H),2.95-2.84 (m, 4H), 2.75-2.66 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.75 (d, J=7.1Hz, 3H), 1.65-1.54 (m, 1H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₂₁H₂₄ClF₃N₆O₄S), 522.9(M+H)⁺; [α]_(D) ²²=−26.5° (c=0.1 M, MeOH).

Example A93 (Scheme A-14): Preparation of(3R,4R)-4-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

Step 1: Synthesis of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline(A-16)

This transformation was run in four parallel batches. To a solution5-bromo-1,3-difluoro-2-nitrobenzene (A-15) (100 g, 420.2 mmol) in MeCN(2 L) was added i-PrNH₂ (27.5 g, 441.2 mmol) at 20-25° C. (ice-bathcooling) to provide a yellow reaction solution. The resulting mixturewas stirred at 35° C. for 60 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of thestarting material with formation of the desired product mass. Themixture was concentrated to dryness. The crude residue from the fourparallel reactions were combined and purified by flash chromatography(SiO₂, 0-2% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline (A-16) (350 g, 75%yield) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.09-7.00 (m, 2H),6.90 (dd, J=11.1, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.94-3.84 (m, 1H), 1.20 (d, J=6.3 Hz,6H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₉H₁₀BrFN₂₂), 247.0 (M+H)⁺; ¹⁹F NMR (377 MHz,DMSO-d₆) 5-116.9.

Step 2: Synthesis of5-bromo-3-fluoro-N¹-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (A-17)

To a stirred mixture of AcOH (2 L) and t-AmylOH (2 L) was added5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline (A-16) (200 g, 721 mmol)at 35° C. Fe⁰ (282 g, 5.05 mol) was added in portions at 25-35° C.(ice-bath cooling). The resulting mixture was stirred at 35° C. for 16 hto provide an off-white slurry. TLC analysis (1:9 EtOAc/petroleum ether,R_(f)=0.8, UV254) showed consumption of the starting material. Themixture was diluted with EtOAc (2 L) and H₂O (2 L). The mixture wasneutralized by slow addition of solid Na₂CO₃. The slurry was filteredand the mixture was separated. The aqueous layer was extracted withEtOAc (3×1 L). The combined organic layers were washed with saturatedaqueous NaHCO₃ (2×1 L) and brine (2×1 L), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered,and concentrated. The residue was combined with a parallel reaction inan identical fashion with 150 g of5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline (A-16). The mixture waspurified by flash chromatography (SiO₂, 0-25% EtOAc/petroleum ether) toprovide 5-bromo-3-fluoro-N¹-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (A-17) (230g, 74% yield) as a brown oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 6.55 (dd,J=10.0, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.38-6.34 (m, 1H), 4.93-4.41 (m, 3H), 3.55 (hept,J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 1.14 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 6H); ¹⁹F NMR (377 MHz, DMSO-d₆)5-132.8; m/z (ESI+) for (C₉H₁₀BrFN₂O₂), 247.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of(1R)-1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(Int-40)

To a mixture of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-N¹-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine(A-17) (200.0 g, 809.4 mmol) and (2R)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid (605.1 g,6.72 mol) was heated from 25° C. to 85° C. and then stirred at 85° C.for 16 h. TLC analysis (1:1 EtOAc/petroleum ether), R_(f)=0.5, UV254)showed consumption of the starting material. The reaction mixture wascooled to 25° C. and diluted with EtOAc (1 L) and H₂O (1 L). The mixturewas basified with aqueous NaOH (50%, ˜300 mL) to pH˜8-9, maintaining theinternal temperature below 30° C. by cooling with an ice-bath. Themixture was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc(2×1 L). The combined organics layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered,and concentrated. To the residue was added MTBE (400 mL) and petroleumether (200 mL). A precipitate was formed. The resultant slurry wasstirred at 25° C. for 1 h. The slurry was filtered and the filter cakewas washed with petroleum ether (2×80 mL). The filter cake was dried invacuum to provide(1R)-1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(Int-40) (150 g, 62% yield) as a light-yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 7.80 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (dd, J=10.1, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.74(d, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 5.17-5.00 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.49 (m, 9H).

Step 4: Synthesis of(1R)-1-[4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(A-18)

A stirred mixture of(1R)-1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(Int-40) (150.0 g, 498.1 mmol), B₂Pin₂ (164.4 g, 647.5 mmol),PdCl₂(dppf) (18.2 g, 24.9 mmol) and KOAc (146.6 g, 1.49 mmol) in1,4-dioxane (1.2 L) was heated from 25° C. to 90° C. The reactionmixture was stirred at 90° C. for 3 h under N₂. TLC analysis (1:1EtOAc/petroleum ether, R_(f)=0.46, UV254) indicated consumption of thestarting material. The reaction mixture was cooled to 25° C. andquenched with H₂O (800 mL). The mixture was concentrated in vacuum toremove the 1,4-dioxane. The residue was filtered and the filter cake waswashed with EtOAc (2×100 mL). The filtrate was extracted with EtOAc(2×800 mL, 400 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flashchromatography (SiO₂, 1:5 EtOAc/petroleum ether-100% EtOAc) to provide(1R)-1-[4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazo-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(A-18) (160 g, 92% yield) as a light-yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.35 (d, J=10.8 Hz, 1H), 5.17 (quin, J=6.4 Hz,1H), 4.95 (sept, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.10 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 1.70-1.63 (m,9H), 1.36 (s, 12H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₈H₂₆BFN₂O₃), 348.9 (M+H)⁺.

Step 5: Synthesis of(1R)-1-[6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(A-19)

This transformation was carried out in two parallel batches. A stirredmixture of(1R)-1-[4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(A-18) (80 g, 230 mmol), 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine (54.7 g, 299 mmol),Pd(PPh₃)₄ (26.5 g, 22.9 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (63.5 g, 459 mmol) in1,4-dioxane (600 mL) and H₂O (250 mL) was sparged with N₂. The mixturewas stirred at 90° C. for 3 h under N₂. LCMS analysis showed consumptionof the starting material with formation of the desired product mass. Thereaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted with H₂O(500 mL). The two parallel reactions were combined and concentrated toremove the 1,4-dioxane. The residue was filtered and the filter cake waswashed with EtOAc (2×150 mL). The mixture was separated. The organiclayer was washed with brine (2 L), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (SiO₂,1:5 EtOAc/petroleum ether→100% EtOAc). The product-containing fractionswere concentrated to ˜400 mL, resulting in precipitation. The solidswere collected by filtration. The filter cake was washed with petroleumether (200 mL) and the dried in vacuum to provide(1R)-1-[6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(A-19) (70 g, 39% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) b8.68 (s, 1H), 7.98 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (dd, J=1.3, 11.3 Hz, 1H),5.19 (quin, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.96 (sept, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 3.11 (d, J=7.8 Hz,1H), 1.75 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 3H), 1.71 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 6H); m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₆H₁₅Cl₂FN₄O), 368.8 (M+H)⁺.

Step 6: Synthesis of(3R,4R)-4-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example A93)

This transformation was carried out in two parallel batches. To astirred solution of(1R)-1-[6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(A-19) (50 g, 135 mmol) and(3R,4R)-4-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol (Int-69) in DMSO (350mL) was added DIPEA (85.7 g, 664 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirredat 60° C. for 56 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of the startingmaterial with formation of the desired product mass. The two parallelreactions were combined and filtered through a pad of celite. Thefiltrate was poured into stirring saturate aqueous NaHCO₃ (2 L). Themixture was extracted with DCM (3×2 L). The combined organic layers weredried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was taken upin EtOAc (2 L). Sulfhydryl silica gel (Accela, 20 g, 0.7-1.4 mmol/g) wasadded and the mixture was stirred for 1 h at 30° C. The mixture wasfiltered and the filtrate was concentrated. The residue was purified byflash chromatography (SiO₂, 1:10 EtOAc/petroleum ether→100% EtOAc). Theproduct was taken up in EtOH (200 mL) and H₂O (800 mL) and thenconcentrated to remove the EtOH. The aqueous solution was dried bylyopilization. The solids were dried at 50° C. for 48 h under highvacuum to provide(3R,4R)-4-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example A93) (95 g, 67% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, 80°C., DMSO-d₆) δ 8.40 (s, 1H), 7.99 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (dd, J=11.8,1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 5.50 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 5.23 (hept,J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 5.16-5.07 (m, 1H), 4.97 (d, J=4.6 Hz, 1H), 3.88-3.77 (m,1H), 3.73-3.62 (m, 2H), 3.58-3.52 (m, 1H), 2.94-2.86 (m, 4H), 2.76-2.68(m, 1H), 2.17-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.69-1.54 (m, 10H); m/z (ESI+) for(C₂₂H₂₈ClFN₆O₄S), 526.8 (M+H)⁺; [α]_(D) ²²=−11.4 (c=0.1, MeOH)

Example A94 (Scheme A-15): Preparation of1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol

Step 1: Synthesis of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline(A-16)

This reaction was carried out in three parallel batches. To a stirredsolution of 5-bromo-1,3-difluoro-2-nitrobenzene (A-15) (166 g, 697 mmol)in THF (1.7 L) was added i-PrNH₂ (41.2 g, 697 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (455 g,1.40 mol) at 15-30° C. Upon addition an exotherm was detected. Thereaction mixture was stirred at 30° C. for 6 h. TLC analysis (100%petroleum ether, UV254, R_(f)=0.35) showed consumption of the startingmaterial. The three reaction batches were combined. The combined mixturewas filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum. The residuewas purified by flash chromatography (SiO₂, 0-2% EtOAc/petroleum ether)to provide 5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline (A-16) (420g, 72% yield) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.09-7.00(m, 2H), 6.90 (dd, J=11.1, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.94-3.84 (m, 1H), 1.20 (d,J=6.3 Hz, 6H); ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆) 5-116.9; m/z (ESI+) for(C₉H₁₀BrFN₂O₂), 276.1 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of5-bromo-3-fluoro-N¹-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (A-17)

This reaction was carried out in two parallel batches. To a stirredsolution of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline (A-16) (210g, 758 mmol) in MeOH (1.8 L) was added NH₄Cl (81.1 g, 1.52 mol) in H₂O(0.9 L) and Fe⁰ powder (212 g, 3.79 mol) at 15° C. The resulting mixturewas heated to 68° C. (internal temperature) and stirred at the sametemperature for 8 h. TLC analysis (10% EtOAc/petroleum ether, UV254,R_(f)=0.8) showed consumption of the starting material. The two reactionbatches were cooled to room temperature and combined. The two reactionmixtures were combined and filtered. The filter cake was washed withMeOH (3×500 mL). The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to removemost of the MeOH. The resultant aqueous mixture was extracted with EtOAc(3×1 L). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (2×800 mL),dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to provide5-bromo-3-fluoro-N¹-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (A-17) (350 g, 88%yield) as a purple solid, which was taken on without furtherpurification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 6.55 (dd, J=10.0, 2.1 Hz, 1H),6.38-6.34 (m, 1H), 4.93-4.41 (m, 3H), 3.55 (hept, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 1.14(d, J=6.3 Hz, 6H); ¹⁹F NMR (377 MHz, DMSO-d₆) 5-132.8; m/z (ESI+) for(C₉H₁₂BrFN₂), 246.6 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of(1R)-1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(Int-20)

To a 2 L three-neck round bottom flask was added (2R)-2-hydroxypropanoicacid (951 g, 9.71 mol) at 15° C. and compound was heated to 85° C.(internal temperature). To the stirred solution at 85° C. was added5-bromo-3-fluoro-N¹-(propan-2-yl)benzene-1,2-diamine (A-17) (300 g, 1.21mol) portion-wise. The resulting mixture was stirred at 85° C. (internaltemperature) for 40 h to provide a purple reaction solution. TLCanalysis (1:2 EtOAc/petroleum ether, UV254, R_(f)=0.8) showedconsumption of the starting material. The reaction mixture was cooled toroom temperature and diluted with THF (1.5 L). The mixture was adjustedto pH˜8 with saturated aqueous LiOH at 10-15° C. with ice-water bathcooling. The mixture was extracted with MTBE (3×1.5 L). The combinedorganic layers were washed with brine (2×800 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄ andfiltered. The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to provide(1R)-1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(A-18) (330 g, 90% yield) as a brown solid, which was taken on to thenext step without further purification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.80(d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (dd, J=10.1, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.74 (d, J=6.6 Hz,1H), 5.17-5.00 (m, 2H), 1.63-1.49 (m, 9H); ¹⁹F NMR (376 MHz, DMSO-d₆)5-126.3; m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₂H₁₄BrFN₂O), 302.6 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4: Synthesis of1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-one(A-20)

To a stirred solution of compound(1R)-1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(Int-20) (365 g, 1.21 mol) in CHCl₃ (3 L) was added activated MnO₂ (738g, 8.48 mol) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was heated to 58°C. (internal temperature) and stirred at the same temperature for 16 h.TLC analysis (1:2 EtOAc/petroleum ether, UV254, R_(f)=0.3) showedconsumption of the starting material. The reaction mixture was cooled toroom temperature and filtered through a pad of Celite. The filter cakewas washed with EtOAc (3×500 mL) and the filtrate was concentrated undervacuum. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (SiO₂, 0-30%EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-one(A-20) (362 g, 99% yield) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ7.54 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (dd, J=9.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.82 (hept, J=7.0Hz, 1H), 2.79 (s, 3H), 1.56 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 6H); ¹⁹F NMR (377 MHz,DMSO-d₆) 5-124.1; m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₂H₁₂BrFN₂O), 300.6 (M+H)⁺.

Step 5: Synthesis of2-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]propan-2-ol(A-21)

This reaction was carried out in two parallel batches. A solution of1-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-one(A-20) (165 g, 552 mmol) in THF (1.7 L) was degassed and purged with N₂three times. The stirred solution was cooled to 0-5° C. (internaltemperature) with ice-brine bath cooling and a solution of MeMgBr (3.0 Min Et₂O, 221 mL) was added drop-wise. During the addition the purplesolution turned to a gray slurry. The resulting mixture was stirred at0-5° C. with ice-brine bath cooling for 3 h. TLC analysis (20%EtOAc/petroleum ether, UV254, R_(f)=0.8) showed consumption of thestarting material. The reaction mixture was slowly quenched withsaturated aqueous NH₄Cl (400 mL) at 0-5° C. with ice-brine bath coolingand then stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The two reaction batcheswere combined and diluted with EtOAc (1 L). The organic layer wasseparated. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×1 L). Thecombined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography(SiO₂, 0-50% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide2-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]propan-2-ol(A-21) (316 g, 91% yield) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ7.49 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (dd, J=9.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.45 (hept, J=7.0Hz, 1H), 2.87 (s, 1H), 1.77 (s, 6H), 1.63 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 6H); ¹⁹F NMR(377 MHz, DMSO-d₆) 5-126.3; m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₃H₁₆BrFN₂O), 314.7 (M+H)⁺.

Step 6: Synthesis of2-[4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]propan-2-ol(A-22)

A 3 L three-neck round bottom flask was charged with2-[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]propan-2-ol(A-21) (300 g, 952 mmol), B₂Pin₂ (290 g, 1.14 mol), Pd(dppf)Cl₂ (34.8 g,47.6 mmol), KOAc (280 g, 2.86 mol), and 1,4-dioxane (2 L). The reactionmixture was degassed and purged with N₂ three times. The reactionmixture was heated to 90° C. (internal temperature) and stirred at thistemperature for 3 h to provide an orange slurry. TLC analysis (1:2EtOAc/petroleum ether, UV254, R_(f)=0.4) showed consumption of thestarting material. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperatureand filtered. The filtrate was diluted with EtOAc (2 L) and washed withbrine (2×1 L). The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, filtered, andconcentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by flashchromatography (SiO₂, 10-50% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide2-[4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]propan-2-ol(A-22) (210 g, 61% yield) as a light yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CDCl₃) δ 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=10.8 Hz, 1H), 5.41 (hept, J=6.9 Hz,1H), 3.10 (s, 1H), 1.79 (s, 6H), 1.69 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 6H), 1.36 (s, 12H);¹⁹F NMR (377 MHz, DMSO-d₆) 5-129.5; m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₃H₁₆FN₂O), 362.9(M+H)⁺.

Step 7: Synthesis of2-[6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]propan-2-ol(A-23)

This reaction was carried out in two parallel batches. To a mixture ofcompound2-[4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]propan-2-ol(A-22) (100 g, 276 mmol), and Na₂CO₃ (87.8 g, 828 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane(1 L) and H₂O (300 mL) was added 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine (67.2 g, 359mmol). The mixture was degassed and purged with N₂ three times.Pd(PPh₃)₄ (31.9 g, 27.6 mmol) was added and the mixture was degassed andpurged with N₂ three times. The reaction mixture was placed into apre-heated oil bath at 100° C. and stirred at 90° C. (internaltemperature) for 24 h. LCMS showed consumption of the starting materialwith formation of the desired product mass. The reaction was cooled toroom temperature. The two reaction mixtures were combined. The combinedmixture was filtered and concentrated under vacuum to remove the1,4-dioxane. The residue was diluted with EtOAc (1 L) and the organiclayer was collected. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×1 L).The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered,concentrated. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography(SiO₂, 0-50% EtOAc in 1:5 petroleum ether/DCM). The product-containingfractions were concentrated under vacuum to ˜200 mL with concomitantprecipitation of a white solid. The suspension was filtered and thefilter cake was washed with petroleum ether (2×300 mL). The filter cakewas collected and dried under vacuum to provide2-[6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]propan-2-ol(A-23) (112 g). The filtrate was concentrated and residue wasre-purified by flash chromatography (SiO₂, 0-50% EtOAc in 1:5 petroleumether/DCM). The product-containing fractions were concentrated undervacuum to ˜50 mL with precipitation of additional product. Thesuspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed with petroleumether (2×100 mL). The filter cake was collected and dried under vacuumto provide an additional batch of2-[6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]propan-2-ol(A-23) (41 g). The product batches were combined to provide2-[6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]propan-2-ol(A-23) (153 g, 71% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ9.01 (s, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (dd, J=11.5, 1.3 Hz, 1H),5.85-5.72 (m, 2H), 1.67 (s, 6H), 1.61 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 6H); ¹⁹F NMR (377MHz, CDCl₃) δ −128.2; m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₇H₁₇Cl₂FN₄O), 383.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 8: Synthesis of1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(Example A94)

A 2 L three-neck round bottom flask was charged with2-[6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]propan-2-ol(A-23) (112 g, 292 mmol),3-amino-1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol hydrochloride (51.6 g,336 mmol), and MeCN (1.1 L). DIPEA (132 g, 1.02 mol, 178 mL) was addedat room temperature. The reaction mixture was heated to 80° C. (internaltemperature) and stirred at the same temperature for 40 h to provide abrown solution. LCMS analysis showed remaining starting material.Additional 3-amino-1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitolhydrochloride (6.73 g, 43.8 mmol) was added at 80° C. (internaltemperature) and the reaction was stirred at 80° C. (internaltemperature) for an additional 10 h. The reaction mixture was cooled toroom temperature and concentrated under vacuum. The residue was taken upin 1:1 EtOAc/H₂O (1.5 L). Some solids were precipitated. EtOH (100 mL)was added. The organic layer was collected and the aqueous layer wasextracted with EtOAc (2×500 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith H₂O (2×300 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, and filtered. To the filtratewas added sulfhydryl silica gel (Accela, 8 g, 0.7-1.4 mmol/g). Theresulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h and thenfiltered through a pad of Celite. Treatment with sulfhydryl silica gelwas repeated in identical fashion and the filtrate was concentrated todryness. The crude residue was slurried in MeCN (500 mL) at roomtemperature for 16 h. The suspension was filtered and the filter cakewas washed with MeCN (2×100 mL). The filter cake was slurried again withMeCN (300 mL) at room temperature for 6 h. The mixture was filtered andthe filter cake was washed with MeCN (2×100 mL). The filter cake wascollected and dried under vacuum and then dried in a drying oven (45° C.for 20 h, 50° C. for 64 h) to provide1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(Example A94) (90 g, 66% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, 80°C., DMSO-d₆) δ 8.38 (s, 1H), 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.43 (d, J=11.8 Hz, 1H), 7.13(d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.80 (hept, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 5.56 (s, 1H), 4.71 (d,J=5.3 Hz, 1H), 3.91-3.79 (m, 3H), 3.61-3.52 (m, 1H), 3.41-3.31 (m, 1H),3.12-3.07 (m, 1H), 2.09-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.70 (s, 6H), 1.67-1.52 (m, 7H);¹⁹F NMR (377 MHz, CDCl₃) 5-127.2; m/z (ESI+) for (C₂₂H₂₇ClFN₅O₃), 464.2(M+H)⁺; [α]D₂₂=−12.6 (c=0.2, MeOH).

Alternative Preparation of2-[6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]propan-2-ol(A-23) to Scheme A-16

Step 1: Synthesis of1-[6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-one(A-19)

To a solution of(1S)-1-[6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(A-19) (3.86 g, 10.5 mmol) in DMSO (130 mL) was added Et₃N (10.6 g, 105mmol). Sulfur trioxide pyridine complex (10 g, 62.7 mmol) was added andmixture stirred at ambient temperature. After 4 h LCMS analysis showed˜10% residual starting material. Additional sulfur trioxide pyridinecomplex (4.7 g) was added. After 1 h LCMS analysis showed consumption ofthe starting material Th mixture was partitioned between H₂O and EtOAc.The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×). The combined organiclayers were washed with H₂O, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 80g SiO₂, 10-40% EtAOc/heptane) to provide1-[6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-one(A-24) (3.1 g, 80% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ9.06 (s, 1H), 8.20 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J=11.4, 1.3 Hz, 1H),5.77 (hept, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 2.79 (s, 3H), 1.61 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 6H); m/z(APCl) for (C₁₆H₁₃Cl₂FN₄O), 366.8 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of2-[6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]propan-2-ol(A-23)

A solution of1-[6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-one(A-24) (3.1 g, 8.7 mmol) in THF (87 mL) was cooled to 0° C. under anatmosphere of N₂. A solution of methylmagnesium bromide (3.0 M in Et₂O,4.0 mL, 12 mmol) was added dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 30 minat 0° C. LCMS analysis indicated consumption of starting material withformation of the desired product mass. The reaction was quenched withsaturated aqueous NH₄Cl and partitioned between EtOAc and H₂O. Theaqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×). The combined organics werewashed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 80 g SiO₂, 20-60%EtOAc/heptane) to provide2-[6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]propan-2-ol(A-23) (3.11 g, 93% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ9.01 (s, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (dd, J=11.5, 1.3 Hz, 1H),5.85-5.72 (m, 2H), 1.67 (s, 6H), 1.61 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 6H); m/z (APCl) for(C₁₇H₁₇Cl₂FN₄O), 382.8 (M+H)⁺.

Example B1 (Scheme B): Preparation of4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-2-{[(3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile

Step 1: Synthesis of4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile(B-1)

To a mixture of 4-chloro-2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile(150 mg, 0.808 mmol),4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(A-1) (257 mg, 0.808 mmol), and K₂CO₃ (335 mg, 2.42 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane(15.0 mL) and H₂O (2.1 mL) was added Pd(t-Bu₃P)₂ (41.3 mg, 0.0808 mmol).The reaction was sparged with N₂ and then stirred at 80° C. for 1 h.LCMS analysis indicated consumption of the starting material withformation of the desired product mass. The mixture was combined with asecond reaction run in the identical fashion with 85.7 mg4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(A-1). The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) and washed with H₂O (5mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL). The combinedorganic layers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (Biotage,SiO₂, 1:1 petroleum ether/EtOAc) to provide4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile(B-1) (280 mg, 76% yield) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ8.78 (s, 1H), 8.31-8.22 (m, 1H), 7.82-7.72 (m, 1H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.69(s, 3H), 2.67-2.64 (m, 1H), 1.72 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); m/z (ESI) for(C₇H₁₆FN₅S), 342.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-2-(methanesulfinyl)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile(B-2)

To a solution of4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile(B-1) (200 mg, 0.586 mmol) in THF (9.0 mL) and H₂O (4.5 mL) was addedoxone (540 mg, 0.879 mmol) at 10° C. The resultant mixture was stirredat the same temperature for 1.5 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption ofthe starting material with formation of the desired product mass. Thereaction was combined with a parallel reaction run in identical fashionwith 80 mg4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-2-(methylsulfanyl)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile(B-1). The combined solution was diluted with EtOAc (20 mL) and washedwith brine (10 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (4×10mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (10 mL), driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to provide4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-2-(methanesulfinyl)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile(B-2) (250 mg, 85% yield) as an off-white solid, which was taken onwithout further purification. m/z (ESI) for (C₁₇H₁₆FN₅OS), 358.3 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-2-{[(3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile(Example B1)

To a mixture of4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-2-(methanesulfinyl)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile(B-2) (120 mg, 0.336 mmol) and(3R,4R)-4-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol (Int-69) in THF (15.0mL) was added Na₂CO₃ (71.2 mg, 0.672 mmol). The resultant mixture wasstirred at 65° C. for 12 h. LCMS analysis indicated consumption of thestarting material with formation of the desired product mass. Themixture was diluted with EtOAc (30 mL) and washed with H₂O (10 mL). Theaqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (2×20 mL). The combined organiclayers were washed with brine (10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by preparative TLC (SiO₂, 10:1DCM/MeOH, R_(f)=0.55). The material was further purified by preparativeHPLC with a YMC-Actus Triart C18 column (150×30 mm, 5 μm particle size),which was eluted with 8-48% MeCN/H₂O (+0.225% formic acid) to provide4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-2-{[(3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile(Example B1) (50 mg, 31% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 8.82-8.74 (m, 1H), 8.43-8.32 (m, 1H), 8.21-8.11 (m, 1H),7.59-7.48 (m, 1H), 5.35-5.28 (m, 1H), 4.88-4.76 (m, 1H), 4.05-3.90 (m,1H), 3.70-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.56-3.47 (m, 1H), 2.91-2.81 (m, 4H), 2.71-2.59(m, 4H), 2.10-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.51 (m, 7H); m/z (ESI) for(C₂₃H₂₇FN₆O₃S), 488.1 (M+H)⁺.

The example the below table was synthesized according to the methodsused for the synthesis of4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-2-{[(3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile(Example B1). The following example was synthesized with non-criticalchanges or substitutions to the exemplified procedures that someone whois skilled in the art would be able to realize.

Example number Structure/Name LCMS NMR B2

516.9 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.71-8.66 (m, 1H), 8.51(s, 1H), 8.20-8.09 (m, 1H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.23-7.14 (m, 1H), 5.27 (br s,1H), 4.79 (hept, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.99-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.56 (m, 2H),3.54- 3.42 (m, 1H), 2.94-2.77 (m, 4H), 2.70-2.58 (m, 1H), 2.08- 1.97 (m,1H), 1.61-1.49 (m, 7H) (3R,4R)-4-({4-[4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]- 5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1- (methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

Example C1 (Scheme C-1): Preparation of(3R,4R)-4-({4-[5-chloro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

Step 1: Synthesis of2-chloro-4-(2-chloro-5-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)-5-fluoropyrimidine (C-2)

To a solution of 1-bromo-2-chloro-5-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene (C-1) (0.5 g,1.97 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (10.0 mL) were added KOAc (579 mg, 5.9 mmol)and B₂Pin₂ (749 mg, 2.95 mmol). The mixture was sparged with N₂ and thenPdCl₂(dppf) was added. The mixture was stirred at 70° C. with microwaveirradiation for 30 min. LCMS analysis indicated consumption of thestarting material with conversion to the boronate ester. To the mixturewere added 2,4-dichloro-5-fluoropyrimidine, aqueous Na₂CO₃ (2.0 M, 2.95mL), and PdCl₂(dppf) (80 mg, 0.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 50°C. with microwave irradiation for 2 h. LCMS analysis indicatedconsumption of the boronate ester with formation of the desired productmass. The mixture was combined with a parallel reaction run in anidentical fashion with 100 mg 1-bromo-2-chloro-5-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene(C-1). The combined mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and H₂O. Theorganic layer was washed with brine, dried over MgSO₄, filtered, andconcentrated onto SiO₂. The crude material was purified by flashchromatography (ISCO, 40 g SiO₂, 0-30% EtOAc/heptanes) to provide2-chloro-4-(2-chloro-5-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)-5-fluoropyrimidine (C-2)(120 mg, 20% yield) as an off-white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆)9.19 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 8.53 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=11.0 Hz, 1H);m/z (ESI) for (C₁H₃Cl₂F₂N₃O₂), 304.7 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of5-chloro-6-(2-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl)-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(C-3)

A mixture of2-chloro-4-(2-chloro-5-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)-5-fluoropyrimidine (C-2)(55 mg, 0.018 mmol) and i-PrNH₂ (0.016 mL, 0.018 mmol) in DMSO (1 mL)was stirred at 50° C. with microwave irradiation for 1.5 h. LCMSanalysis indicated consumption of the starting material. After coolingto room temperature the mixture was diluted with EtOH (0.5 mL) andtreated with acetaldehyde (39.6 mg, 0.05 mL, 0.899 mmol) and Na₂S2O₄(156 mg, 0.899 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 16 hovernight. LCMS analysis indicated formation of the desired productmass. The mixture was concentrated to remove the EtOH. The remainingsolution in DMSO was added dropwise to saturated aqueous NaHCO₃. Theresultant yellow solids were collected by filtration and washed withH₂O. The solids were taken up into DCM/MeOH and concentrated to provide5-chloro-6-(2-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl)-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(C-3) (28 mg, 46% yield), which was taken on without furtherpurification. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 9.05 (s, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H),7.79 (s, 1H), 4.79 (spt, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 2.62 (s, 3H), 1.55 (d, J=7.0 Hz,6H). m/z (ESI) for (C₁₀H₃Cl₂F₂N₃O₂), 304.7 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of(3R,4R)-4-({4-[5-chloro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example C1)

To a solution of5-chloro-6-(2-chloro-5-fluoropyrimidin-4-yl)-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(C-3) (28 mg, 0.083 mmol) in THF (1.0 mL) were added(3R,4R)-4-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol (Int-69) (24.1 mg,0.124 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃ (81 mg, 0.25 mmol). The mixture was sparged withN₂ and then Pd(OAc)₂ (3.71 mg, 0.0165 mmol) and rac-BINAP (10 mg, 0.0165mmol) were added. The mixture was heated to 80° C. overnight. LCMSanalysis indicated consumption of the starting material with formationof the desired product mass. The mixture was partitioned between EtOAcand H₂O. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc. The combinedorganic layers were dried over MgSO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by preparative SFC with an HA-morpholine column(150×21.1 mm, 5 μm particle size, 35° C. column temperature), which waseluted with 10-50% MeOH/CO₂ with a flow rate of 80 g/min. The materialwas re-purified by preparative SFC with a Nacalai Cosmosil3-hydroxyphenyl column (150×20 mm, 5 μm particle size. 35° C. columntemperature), which was eluted with 12-50% MeOH/CO₂ with a flow rate of80 g/min to provide(3R,4R)-4-({4-[5-chloro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example C1) (16 mg, 38% yield) as a solid. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆,75° C.) δ 8.35-8.33 (m, 1H), 7.71 (s, 1H), 7.68 (s, 1H), 6.84 (d, J=7.3Hz, 1H), 5.13 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 4.78-4.72 (m, 1H), 2.86-2.81 (m, 4H),2.69-2.63 (m, 1H), 2.57 (s, 3H), 2.14-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.59-1.43 (m, 7H);four protons obscured by residual solvent peak; m/z (ESI) for(C₂₁H₂₆ClFN₆O₃S), 496.9 (M+H)⁺.

Example C2 (Scheme C-2): Preparation of1,5-anhydro-3-({4-[2-(azetidin-3-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol

A solution of (C-4) (as prepared in Example C1, 155.0 mg, 0.22 mmol),3-amino-1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol (49.8 mg, 0.324 mmol),and DIPEA (126 mg, 0.173 mmol, 0.973 mmol) in DMSO (2 mL) was heated to80° C. for 16 h overnight. LCMS analysis showed consumption of thestarting material with formation of the desired product mass. Themixture was loaded directly onto SiO₂ and purified by flashchromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂, 0-100% EtOAc/heptanes). Theproduct-containing fractions were concentrated, taken up into DCM (5mL), and treated with a solution of HCl (4.0 N in 1,4-dioxane, 1.0 mL).After 15 min, LCMS analysis showed conversion to the desired product.The reaction was concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified bypreparative SFC with a ChiralPak IC column (21×250 mm column, 10 μmparticle size, 35° C. column temperature), which was eluted with 60%MeOH/CO₂ (+10 mM NH₃) with a flow rate of 82 mL/min to provide1,5-anhydro-3-({4-[2-(azetidin-3-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(Example C2) (72 mg, 72% yield) as a solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆,80° C.) δ 8.39 (s, 1H), 7.96 (s, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=11.7 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 4.78-4.58 (m, 2H), 4.39-4.29 (m, 1H), 4.15-3.99 (m, 2H),3.92-3.77 (m, 5H), 3.66-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.31 (m, 1H), 2.09-1.97 (m,1H), 1.64-1.53 (m, 7H); m/z (ESI) for (C₂₂H₂₆ClFN₆O₂), 461.1 (M+H)⁺.

Example D1 (Scheme D-1): Preparation of(3R,4R)-4-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

Step 1: Synthesis of(1S)-1-[6-(2,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(D-2)

To a solution of(1S)-1-[4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(D-1) (Prepared as in Example A1, 650 mg, 1.87 mmol) in H₂O (2.0 mL) and1,4-dioxane (7.0 mL) were added 2,5-dichloro-4-iodopyridine (562 mg,2.05 mmol), Na₂CO₃ (396 mg, 3.73 mmol), and Pd(PPh₃)₄ (216 mg, 0.187mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 90° C. under an atmosphere ofN₂. LCMS analysis showed consumption of the starting material withformation of the desired product mass. The reaction was concentrated todryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 40 gSiO₂, 2:1 petroleum ether/EtOAc) to provide(1S)-1-[6-(2,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(D-2) (490 mg, 71% yield) as a light yellow solid. m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₇H₁₆Cl₂FN₃O), 368.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of(3R,4R)-4-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example D1)

A heterogeneous mixture of(1S)-1-[6-(2,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(D-2) (390 mg, 1.06 mmol),(3R,4R)-4-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol (Int-69) (411 mg, 2.12mmol), Cs₂CO₃ (1.04 g, 3.18 mmol), and Brettphos-Pd-G3 (96 mg, 0.106mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (4.0 mL) and DMF (2.0 mL) was sparged with N₂ for 3min and then stirred at 110° C. for 4 h. LCMS analysis showedconsumption of the starting material with formation of the desiredproduct mass. The reaction was filtered and concentrated to dryness. Theresidue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 40 g SiO₂, 0-15%MeOH/EtOAc) and then re-purified by preparative HPLC with a Xtimate C18column (250×80 mm, 10 μm particle size), which was eluted with 30-50%MeCN/H₂O (+0.05% NH₄OH) with a flow rate of 25 mL/min. HPLC analysisfound some erosion of enatiopurity (93% ee). The material wasre-purified by chiral preparative SFC with a Diacel Chiralpak AD-Hcolumn (250×30 mm, 5 m particle size), which was eluted with 45% IPA/CO₂(+0.1% NH₃) with a flow rate of 50 mL/min to provide(3R,4R)-4-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example D1) (40.1 mg, 7% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆+D₂O) δ 7.99 (br s, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.07 (d, J=10.8 Hz, 1H),6.62 (s, 1H), 5.13-5.02 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.66 (m, 1H), 3.65-3.45 m, 3H),2.85-2.80 (m, 4H), 2.70-2.62 (m, 1H), 2.05-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.59-1.4 (m,10H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₂₃H₂₉ClFN₅O₄S), 525.8 (M+H)⁺.

Example D2 (Scheme D-2): Preparation of1,5-anhydro-3-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyridin-2-yl)amino]-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol

A suspension of(1S)-1-[6-(2,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(D-3) (as prepared in Example D1, 680 mg, 1.85 mmol),3-amino-1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol (324 mg, 2.77 mmol),BINAP (92 mg, 0.148 mmol), t-BuONa (532 mg, 5.54 mmol), and Pd₂(dba)₃(84.6 mg, 0.092 mmol) in PhMe (15.0 mL) was sparged with N₂ for 3 minand then stirred at 110° C. for 16 h. LCMS analysis showed consumptionof the starting material with formation of the desired product mass. Thereaction was concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by flashchromatography (ISCO, 40 g Si₂, 0-20% MeOH/EtOAc). The material wasre-purified by preparative HPLC with a Xtimate C18 column (250×80 mm, 10μm particle size), which was eluted with 30-50% MeCN/H₂O (+0.05% NH₄OH)with a flow rate of 25 mL/min to provide1,5-anhydro-3-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyridin-2-yl)amino]-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(Example D2) (67 mg, 8% yield) as a white solid ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (dd, J=11.5, 1.3Hz, 1H), 6.80 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 5.74 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H),5.24-5.01 (m, 3H), 3.84-3.71 (m, 3H), 3.08 (dd, J=9.5, 10.8 Hz, 1H),2.06-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.64-1.55 (m, 9H), 1.44-1.33 (m, 1H); two hydrogensobscured by residual solvent peak; m/z (ESI+) for (C₂₂H₂₆ClFN₄O₃), 449.1(M+H)⁺.

The example the below table was synthesized according to the methodsused for the synthesis of1,5-anhydro-3-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyridin-2-yl)amino]-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(Example D2). The following example was synthesized with non-criticalchanges or substitutions to the exemplified procedures that someone whois skilled in the art would be able to realize.

Example number Structure/Name LCMS NMR D3

525.9 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.59 (d,J = 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (dd, J = 11.4, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (br d, J = 7.5Hz, 1H), 6.64 (s, 1H), 5.74 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 1H), 5.27 (d, J = 4.5 Hz,1H), 5.21-5.04 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.71 (m, 1H), 3.60- 3.49 (m, 2H), 3.49-3.39(m, 1H), 2.96-2.85 (m, 4H), 2.76- 2.68 (m, 1H), 2.17-2.07 (m, 1H),1.65-1.51 (m, 9H), 1.49- 1.33 (m, 1H) (3R,4R)-4-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]- 1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyridin-2- yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

Example D4 (Scheme D-3): Preparation of(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[2-methyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-yl]pyridin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

To a solution of (D-4) (Prepared as in Example D1, 78 mg, 0.24 mmol),(3R,4R)-4-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol (Int-69) (41 mg, 0.27mmol), Pd(OAc)₂ (3.4 mg, 0.015 mmol), and rac-BINAP (9.45 mg, 0.73 mmol)was added phosphazene base P₂-Et to provide a bright orange reactionsolution. The mixture was sparged with N₂ and then stirred at 110° C.for 16 h overnight. LCMS analysis indicated consumption of the startingmaterial with formation of the desired product mass. The reaction wasconcentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by preparative SFCwith a ZymorSPHER HADP column (150×21.1 mm, 5 μm particle size, 35° C.column temperature), which was eluted with 12-50% MeOH/CO₂ with a flowrate of 80 g/min. The material was repurified by preparative HPLC with aPhenomenex Gemini-NX C18 column (150×21 mm, 5 μm particle size), whichwas eluted with 15-70% MeCN/H₂O (+10 nM NH₄OAc) with a flow rate of 40mL/min to provide(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[2-methyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-yl]pyridin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example D4) (20 mg, 21% yield) as a solid. ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ8.08 (s, 1H), 8.00 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d,J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 5.28-5.24 (m, 1H), 4.82 (hept, J=6.7 Hz,1H), 3.80-3.73 (m, 1H), 3.61-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.49-3.44 (m, 1H), 2.95-2.87(m, 4H), 2.72 (dd, J=11.4, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 2.15-2.10 (m, 1H),1.67 (dd, J=6.8, 1.6 Hz, 6H), 1.48-1.40 (m, 1H); m/z (APCl+) for(C₂₁H₂₇ClN₆O₃S), 478.9 (M+H)⁺.

The example the below table was synthesized according to the methodsused for the synthesis of(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[2-methyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-yl]pyridin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example D4). The following example was synthesized with non-criticalchanges or substitutions to the exemplified procedures that someone whois skilled in the art would be able to realize.

Example number Structure/Name LCMS NMR D5

402.1 [M + H]+ (APCI) ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.99 (d,J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.89-6.86 (m, 1H), 6.80 (s,1H), 5.06 (br. s, 1H), 4.81 (hept, J = 6.4 Hz, 1H), 3.84- 3.74 (m, 3H),3.10-3.05 (m, 1H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 2.05-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.67 (dd, J = 6.8,2.3 Hz, 6H), 1.44-1.36 (m, 1H) two protons obscured by residual solventpeak 1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[2- methyl-3-(propan-2-yl)-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-5- yl]pyridin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol

Example D6 (Scheme D-4): Preparation of(3R,4R)-4-{[4-(1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl)-5-chloropyridin-2-yl]amino}piperidin-3-ol

To a solution of tert-butyl(3R,4R)-4-{[4-(1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl)-5-chloropyridin-2-yl]amino}-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate(D-5) (Prepared as in Example D1, 3.4 g, 5.9 mmol) in DCM (20.0 mL) wasadded a solution of HCl (1.0 M in EtOAc, 50 mL). After 18 h LCMSanalysis showed consumption of the starting material with formation ofthe desired product mass. The reaction was concentrated to dryness. Thesolid was taken up in H₂O (50 mL) and washed with EtOAc (50 mL). Theaqueous layer was lyophilized to provide(3R,4R)-4-{[4-(1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl)-5-chloropyridin-2-yl]amino}piperidin-3-olhydrochloric acid salt (Example D6) (2.7 g, 99% yield) as a yellowsolid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, D₂O) δ 9.35 (s, 1H), 8.12 (d, J=0.6 Hz, 1H),8.11 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J=10.3, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H),4.02-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.63-3.48 (m, 2H), 3.17 (td, J=12.9, 3.3 Hz, 1H),3.05 (dd, J=12.7, 9.8 Hz, 1H), 2.42-2.34 (m, 1H), 1.98-1.79 (m, 10H);m/z (ESI+) for (C₂₁H₂₅ClFN₅O), 418.2 (M+H)⁺.

Example E1 (Scheme E-1): Preparation of(3R,4R)-4-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

Step 1: Synthesis of(1S)-1-[6-(2,5-dichloropyridin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(E-1)

A solution of 5-chloro-2-fluoro-4-iodopyridine (200 mg, 0.78 mmol),(3S,4S)-4-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol (Int-69) (181 mg, 0.93mmol), and DIPEA (301 mg, 0.415 mL, 2.33 mmol) in DMSO (3.9 mL) wasstirred at 100° C. for 16 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of thestarting material with formation of the desired product mass. Thereaction was loaded directly onto SiO₂ and purified by flashchromatography (ISCO, 12 g SiO₂, 0-100% EtOAc/heptanes) to provide(3S,4S)-4-[(5-chloro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(E-1) (147 mg, 44% yield) as a gum. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ 7.93 (s,1H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 4.85-4.73 (m, 1H), 4.01-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.85-3.74 (m,1H), 3.67-3.58 (m, 2H), 3.44 (p, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 2.83 (s, 3H), 2.77 (dd,J=12.2, 2.8 Hz, 1H), 2.68-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.14-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.56 (m,1H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₁₁H₁₅ClIN₃O₃S), 431.8 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of(3R,4R)-4-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example E1)

To a solution of(3S,4S)-4-[(5-chloro-4-iodopyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(E-1) (147 mg, 0.341 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (4.7 mL) was added4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(A-1) (108 mg, 0.341 mmol), aqueous Na₂CO₃ (2.0 M, 0.51 mL),PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ (12 mg, 0.017 mmol), and H₂O (0.4 mL). The mixture wasstirred at 95° C. for 5 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of thestarting material with formation of the desired product mass. Thereaction was filtered through celite and concentrated. The material waspurified by preparative SFC with a DCPak SFC-B column (150×21.2 mm, 5 μmparticle size, column temperature 35° C.), which was eluted with 25-35%MeOH/CO₂ with a flow rate of 62 mL/min to provide(3R,4R)-4-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-y}pyridin-2-yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example E1) (66 mg, 39% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (700 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 8.06 (s, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 7.03 (d, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (s, 1H), 5.29 (br. s, 1H), 4.83-4.76 (m, 1H),3.78-3.71 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.50 (m, 2H), 3.48-3.41 (m, 1H), 2.95-2.87 (m,4H), 2.74-2.68 (m, 1H), 2.60 (s, 3H), 2.14-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.56 (d, J=6.8Hz, 6H), 1.46-1.39 (m, 1H); m/z (APCl) for (C₂₂H₂₇ClFN₅O₃S), 495.9(M+H)⁺.

Example F1 (Scheme F-1): Preparation of methyl(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate

To a solution of(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-y}amino)piperidin-3-ol(Example A37) (Prepared as in Scheme A-1, 50 mg, 0.12 mmol) and TEA(18.9 mg, 0.186 mmol) in DCM (3.0 mL) at 0° C. was added methylchloroformate (11.7 mg, 0.124 mmol) dropwise. The reaction was stirredfor 30 min at room temperature. LCMS analysis showed consumption of thestarting material with formation of the desired product mass. Thesolution was concentrated. The residue was partitioned between H₂O (20mL) and EtOAc (20 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered, and concentrated. The residue was combined with a second batchobtained from a parallel reaction run in identical fashion with 50 mg of(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)piperidin-3-ol(Example A37). The mixture was purified by preparative HPLC withDuraShell column (150×25 mm, 5 μm particle size), which was eluted with22-72% MeCN/H₂O (+0.05% NH₄OH) with a flow rate of 25 mL/min to providemethyl(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate(Example F1) (48 mg, 42% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 8.43 (d, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (br s, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=12.2 Hz,1H), 7.18 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 5.11 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.87-4.75 (m, 1H),4.08-3.75 (m, 3H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.51-3.45 (m, 1H), 3.01-2.67 (m, 2H),2.63 (s, 3H), 2.10-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.59 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H), 1.45-1.30 (m,1H); m/z (ESI) for (C₂₂H₂₆F₂N₆O₃), 461.4 (M+H)⁺.

The examples in the below table were synthesized according to themethods used for the synthesis of methyl(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate(Example F1). The following examples were synthesized with non-criticalchanges or substitutions to the exemplified procedures that someone whois skilled in the art would be able to realize. If necessary, separationof the enantiomers was carried out under standard methods known in theart, such as chiral SFC or HPLC, to afford single enantiomers.

Example number Structure/Name LCMS NMR F2

491.1 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.47-8.39 (m, 2H),8.08- 7.90 (m, 1H), 7.57-7.36 (m, 2H), 5.41-5.30 (m, 1H), 5.09 (d, J =4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.19-3.77 (m, 7H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.51- 3.39 (m, 1H),3.02-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.62-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.29- 2.18 (m, 1H), 2.02-1.87 (m,1H), 1.43-1.29 (m, 1H); [α]_(D) ²⁰ = −28.8 (c = 1.0, MeOH) methyl(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4- [4-fluoro-1-(oxolan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2- yl}amino)-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate F3

491.1 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.45-8.40 (m, 2H),8.05- 7.91 (m, 1H), 7.56-7.37 (m, 2H), 5.39-5.31 (m, 1H), 5.16- 5.04 (m,1H), 4.19-3.76 (m, 7H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.51-3.39 (m, 1H), 3.00-2.64 (m,2H), 2.62-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.29- 2.19 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.87 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.29(m, 1H); [α]_(D) ²⁰ = −4.9 (c = 1.0, MeOH) methyl(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4- [4-fluoro-1-(oxolan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2- yl}amino)-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate

Example F4 (Scheme F-2): Preparation of(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-methylpiperidin-3-ol

To a solution of(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)piperidin-3-ol(Example A37) (Prepared as in Scheme A-1, 50 mg, 0.12 mmol) in MeOH (3mL) was added paraformaldehyde (100 mg, 1.11 mmol) and NaBH₃CN (100 mg,1.59 mmol). The resultant solution was stirred at room temperature for30 min. LCMS analysis showed consumption of starting material withformation of the desired product mass. The solution was filtered and thefiltrate was combined with a parallel reaction run in an identicalfashion with 50 mg(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-methylpiperidin-3-ol(Example A37) and concentrated. The residue was purified by preparativeHPLC with an Agela Durashell C18 column (150×20 mm, 5 μm particle size),which was eluted with 0-38% MeCN/H₂O (0.225% formic acid) with a flowrate of 25 mL/min to provide(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-methylpiperidin-3-olformic acid salt (Example F4) (60.2 mg, 58% yield) as a white solid. ¹HNMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.42 (d, J=4.1 Hz, 1H), 8.21-8.13 (m, 2H), 7.61(d, J=12.2 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 5.22-4.57 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.52(m, 2H), 2.99-2.88 (m, 1H), 2.81-2.72 (m, 1H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s,3H), 2.08-1.85 (m, 3H), 1.64-1.42 (m, 7H); m/z (ESI) for (C₂₁H₂₆F₂N₆O),417.1 (M+H)⁺.

The examples in the below table were synthesized according to themethods used for the synthesis of(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-methylpiperidin-3-ol(Example F4). The following examples were synthesized with non-criticalchanges or substitutions to the exemplified procedures that someone whois skilled in the art would be able to realize.

Example number Structure/Name LCMS NMR F5

463.3 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.51-8.35 (m, 3H), 8.15(s, 1H), 7.52 (d, J = 11.5 Hz, 1H), 4.06-3.90 (m, 2H), 3.82 (t, J = 5.6Hz, 2H), 3.45-3.34 (m, 1H), 3.07-2.96 (m, 2H), 2.92- 2.70 (m, 2H),2.48-2.30 (m, 1H), 1.87-1.75 (m, 10H); one proton obscured by residualsolvent peak (3R,4R)-4-{[4-(1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl)-5- chloropyrimidin-2-yl]amino}-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidin-3-ol formic acid salt F6

490.3 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.39 (s, 1H), 8.37-8.31(m, 1H), 8.15 (s, 1H), 7.53 (d, J = 11.5 Hz, 1H), 3.87-3.77 (m, 1H),3.75-3.64 (m, 1H), 3.13- 3.05 (m, 1H), 2.94-2.79 (m, 3H), 2.65 (t, J =6.7 Hz, 2H), 2.55 (s, 6H), 2.27-2.07 (m, 3H), 1.82 (s, 9H), 1.68-1.54(m, 1H) (3R,4R)-4-{[4-(1-tert-butyl-4- fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl)-5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl]amino}-1-[2- (dimethylamino)ethyl]piperidin- 3-olformic acid salt F7

417.2 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.41-8.42 (m, 1H), 8.17(s, 1 H), 7.60-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.06- 7.07 (m, 1H), 4.85-4.79 (m, 2H),3.60-3.50 (br m, 2H), 2.91-2.88 (m, 1H), 2.73-2.70 (m, 1H), 2.63 (s,3H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.04-1.75 (m, 3H), 1.59- 1.62 (m, 6H), 1.51-1.40 (m,1H); [α]_(D) ²⁰ = 15.4 (c = 041, CHCl₃) (3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1- (propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1- (methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

Example F8 (Scheme F-3): Preparation of(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(oxetan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(ethanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

A mixture of(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(oxetan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)piperidin-3-ol(F-1) (Prepared as in Scheme A-1, 70 mg, 0.152 mmol) and NaHCO₃ (204 mg,2.43 mmol) in EtOAc (1.0 mL) and H₂O (1.0 mL) was cooled to 0° C. Asolution of ethanesulfonyl chloride (20.8 mg, 0.162 mmol) in EtOAc (1.0mL) was added dropwise over a period of 10 min. The reaction was stirredat 0° C. for 16 h. LMCS analysis showed consumption of the startingmaterial with formation of the desired product mass. The reaction layerswere separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×10 mL).The combined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC with aDuraShell column (150×25 mm, 5 μm particle size), which was eluted with28-48% MeCN/H₂O (+0.05% NH₄OH) with a flow rate of 25 mL/min to provide(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(oxetan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(ethanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example F8) (7 mg, 8% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CD₃OD)δ 8.61 (br. s, 1H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 7.70-7.55 (br. m, 1H), 5.81-5.72 (m,1H), 5.30-5.25 (m, 2H), 5.22-5.17 (m, 2H), 3.96-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.88-3.82(m, 1H), 3.73-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.11-3.03 (m, 2H), 3.02-2.95 (m, 1H),2.83-2.77 (m, 1H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 2.26-2.17 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.58 (m, 1H),1.39-1.27 (m, 3H); m/z (ESI) for (C₂₂H₂₆ClFN₆O₄S), 525.3 (M+H)⁺.

The examples in the below table were synthesized according to themethods used for the synthesis of(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(oxetan-3-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(ethanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Example F8). The following examples were synthesized with non-criticalchanges or substitutions to the exemplified procedures that someone whois skilled in the art would be able to realize. If necessary, separationof the enantiomers of was carried out under standard methods known inthe art, such as chiral SFC or HPLC, to afford single enantiomers.

Example number Structure/Name LCMS NMR F9

563.1 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.38 (s, 1H), 8.06 (s,1H), 7.51 (br d, J = 11.5 Hz, 1H), 6.88- 6.52 (m, 1H), 5.34 (td, J =6.9, 14.0 Hz, 1H), 5.23 (q, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.09-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.85 (brd, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (dt, J = 4.7, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.29-3.21 (m, 1H),3.08 (dd, J = 9.5, 12.8 Hz, 1H), 2.30-2.22 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.67 (m, 10H),0.92 (br t, J = 6.5 Hz, 1H); [α]_(D) ²² = −8.3 (c = 0.1, MeOH)(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4- fluoro-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol- 6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(difluoromethanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol F10

584.9 [M + Na]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.38 (s, 1H), 8.06 (s,1H), 7.62- 7.41 (m, 1H), 6.90-6.48 (m, 1H), 5.40-5.31 (m, 1H), 5.24 (q,J = 6.7 Hz, 1H), 4.06-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.86 (br d, J = 13.2 Hz, 1H), 3.72(td, J = 4.6, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.31-3.21 (m, 1H), 3.15-2.95 (m, 1H),2.34-2.15 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.70 (m, 9H), 1.68-1.62 (m, 1H); [α]_(D) ²² =−25.6 (c = 0.1, MeOH) (3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)-1- (propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1- (difluoromethanesulfonyl) piperin-3-ol F11

526.9 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.39 (s, 1H), 8.04 (s,1H), 7.48 (d, J = 11.5 Hz, 1H), 5.40-5.29 (m, 1H), 5.23 (q, J = 6.8 Hz,1H), 4.15-4.07 (m, 2H), 3.82- 3.72 (m, 2H), 3.14 (br d, J = 11.8 Hz,1H), 3.05 (dt, J = 3.0, 12.2 Hz, 1H), 2.95 (s, 3H), 2.12- 2.00 (m, 1H),1.90 (br d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 1.75-1.70 (m, 9H)(3S,4R)-(rel)-4-[(5-chloro-4-{- fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H- benzimidazol-6-yl}pyrimidin-2- yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol F12

526.9 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.37 (s, 1H), 8.06 (s,1H), 7.50 (d, J = 11.5 Hz, 1H), 5.34 (m, J = 7.0, 13.9 Hz, 1H), 5.23 (m,J = 6.7 Hz, 1H), 4.00-3.91 (m, 1H), 3.87-3.81 (m, 1H), 3.78- 3.66 (m,2H), 2.95 (m, J = 2.5, 12.0 Hz, 1H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 2.76 (m, J = 9.5,11.5 Hz, 1H), 2.29- 2.20 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.65 (m, 10H)(3S,4R)-(rel)-4-[(5-chloro-4-{4- fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H- benzimidazol-6-yl}pyrimidin-2- yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol F13

526.9 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.37 (s, 1H), 8.06 (s,1H), 7.50 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H), 5.34 (m, J = 6.9, 13.9 Hz, 1H), 5.23 (m,J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 4.00-3.92 (m, 1H), 3.84 (m, J = 1.7, 4.6, 11.6 Hz, 1H),3.79-3.65 (m, 2H), 2.99-2.91 (m, 1H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 2.80-2.67 (m, 1H),2.28- 2.21 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.63 (m, 10H) (3S,4S)-4-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]- 1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyrimidin-2- yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol F14

481.2 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.43 (d, J = 4.0 Hz,1H), 8.12 (s, 1H), 7.62 (br d, J = 12.3 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (br d, J = 7.0 Hz,1H), 5.22 (br d, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H), 4.89- 4.73 (m, 1H), 3.77 (br s, 1H),3.61 (br d, J = 10.8 Hz, 2H), 3.49 (br s, 1H), 2.91 (s, 3H), 2.89-2.82(m, 1H), 2.71-2.64 (m, 1H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 2.09 (br s, 1H), 1.60 (d, J =6.8 Hz, 6H), 1.52 (br s, 1H). (3S,4S)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H- benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2- yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol F15

481.1 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (700 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.42-8.34 (m, 2H), 8.21(br. s., 1H), 7.65-7.54 (m, 1H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 5.22- 5.07(m, 1H), 3.77-3.66 (m, 1H), 3.62-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.48- 3.39 (m, 1H), 2.84(s, 3H), 2.80 (dt, J = 2.6, 11.7 Hz, 1H), 2.61 (t, J = 10.1 Hz, 1H),2.04 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 1.69 (s, 9H), 1.53- 1.42 (m, 1H)(3R,4R)-4-{[4-(1-tert-butyl-4- fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl)-5-fluoropyrimidin-2-yl]amino}-1- (methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol

Example F16 (Scheme F-4): Preparation of1-[(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]ethan-1-one

To a stirring solution of(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)piperidin-3-oltrifluoroacetate (Example A37) (300 mg, 0.581 mmol) and triethylamine(226 mg, 0.31 mL, 2.24 mmol) in DCM (5 mL) was added Ac₂O (152 mg, 0.14mL, 1.49 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hbefore being diluted with water (10 mL) and extracted with DCM (3×10mL). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (10 mL), driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The crude residue was purifiedby preparative HPLC with an Agela Durashell C18 column (150×25 mm, 5 μmparticle size, 25° C. column temperature), which was eluted with 15-55%MeCN/H₂O (+0.05% NH₄OH) with a flow rate of 25 mL/min to provide1-[(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]ethan-1-one(Example F16) (22.0 mg, 9% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 8.43 (br s, 1H), 8.13 (br s, 1H), 7.61 (br d, J=12.0 Hz, 1H),7.28-7.13 (m, 1H), 5.18-5.01 (m, 1H), 4.89-4.75 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.70 (m,2H), 3.18-2.75 (m, 2H), 2.69-2.60 (m, 3H), 2.33 (br s, 1H), 2.01 (br d,J=4.3 Hz, 4H), 1.59 (br d, J=6.5 Hz, 7H), 1.36 (br d, J=14.1 Hz, 1H);m/z (ESI+) for (C₂₂H₂₆F₂N₆O₂), 445.4 (M+H)⁺.

Example F17 (Scheme F-5): Preparation of1-[(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxyethan-1-one

To(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)piperidin-3-oltrifluoroacetate (Example A37) (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) and glycolic acid(9.45 mg, 0.124 mmol) in DMF (4.0 mL) were added DIPEA (48.2 mg, 0.373mmol) and HATU (70.9 mg, 0.186 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature for 16 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of the startingmaterial with formation of the desired product mass. The reactionmixture was washed with H₂O (20 mL) and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (20mL). The combined aqueous layers were extracted with EtOAc (20 mL). Thecombined organic layers were dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC with aDuraShell column (150×25 mm, 5 μm particle size), which was eluted with12-52% MeCN/H₂O (+0.05% NH₄OH) with a flow rate of 25 mL/min to provide1-[(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxyethan-1-one(Example F17) (8 mg, 14% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 8.44 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 8.14 (br s, 1H), 7.62 (br d, J=12.0Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.21 (m, 1H), 5.15 (dd, J=4.8, 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.83 (hept,J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (t, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 4.33 (br d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H),4.17-4.04 (m, 2H), 4.04-3.81 (m, 2H), 3.73-3.40 (m, 2H), 3.10-2.95 (m,1H), 2.63 (s, 3H), 2.09-1.97 (m, 1H), 1.60 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 6H), 1.48-1.33(m, 1H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₂₂H₂₆F₂N₆O₃), 461.3 (M+H)⁺.

The examples in the below table were synthesized according to themethods used for the synthesis of1-[(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-2-hydroxyethan-1-one(Example F17). The following examples were synthesized with non-criticalchanges or substitutions to the exemplified procedures that someone whois skilled in the art would be able to realize.

Example number Structure/Name LCMS NMR F18

488.9 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.52 (s, 1H), 8.43 (d,J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.91 (br s, 1H), 7.42- 7.40 (m, 2H), 5.24-5.11 (m, 1H),4.88-4.77 (m, 1H), 4.76- 4.58 (m, 4H), 4.41-3.95 (m, 4H), 3.93-3.83 (m,1H), 3.10- 2.84 (m, 1H), 2.67-2.56 (m, 1H), 1.95-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.57 (d,J = 6.8 Hz, 6H), 1.34-1.32 (m, 1H) [(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H- benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-3-hydroxpiperidin-1- yl](oxetan-3-yl)methanone F19

502.9 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.54 (s, 1H), 8.44 (s,1H), 7.91 (br s, 1H), 7.64-7.35 (m, 2H), 5.26-5.12 (m, 1H), 4.89- 4.71(m, 3H), 4.38-4.07 (m, 3H), 3.95-3.83 (m, 1H), 3.58- 3.38 (m, 1H),3.12-2.94 (m, 1H), 2.92-2.79 (m, 1H), 2.66- 2.57 (m, 1H), 2.08-1.89 (m,1H), 1.58 (s, 3H), 1.57-1.49 (m, 6H), 1.44-1.30 (m, 1H)[(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4- fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2- yl}amino)-3-hydroxpiperidin-1-yl](3-methyloxetan-3- yl)methanone F20

515.1 [M + Na]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.58 (s, 1H),8.48-8.36 (m, 1H), 8.04 (s, 1H), 7.67 (s, 1H), 7.55 (br s, 1H), 5.15 (brd, J = 30.2 Hz, 1H), 4.98-4.77 (m, 2H), 4.51-3.80 (m, 5H), 3.18- 2.83(m, 1H), 1.98 (s, 1H), 1.57 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 6H), 1.49- 1.26 (m, 2H),1.18 (dd, J = 9.2, 6.5 Hz, 3H) (2R)-1-[(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-chloro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H- benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-3-hydroxpiperidin-1- yl]-2-hydroxypropan-1-one F21

490.9 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.43 (s, 2H), 8.29-7.90(m, 1H), 7.72-7.12 (m, 2H), 5.13 (br s, 1H), 4.96 (br d, J = 6.7 Hz,1H), 4.49-4.13 (m, 2H), 4.09-3.84 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.46 (m, 1H), 3.17-2.76(m, 2H), 2.08-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.74 (s, 9H), 1.51-1.27 (m, 1H), 1.19 (br t,J = 7.5 Hz, 3H) (2S)-1-[(3R,4R)-4-{[4-(1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol- 6-yl)-5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl]amino}-3-hydroxypiperidin-1- yl]-2-hydroxypropan-1-one F22

459.0 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.55 (s, 1H), 8.20-8.20(m, 1H), 8.20-8.20 (m, 1H), 8.19 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 8.11 (d, J = 4.9Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.98-6.90 (m, 1H), 6.82 (d, J = 9.3Hz, 1H), 5.20 (dd, J = 4.7, 11.2 Hz, 1H), 4.55 (t, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H),4.17-4.06 (m, 2H), 3.87 (br d, J = 13.7 Hz, 1H), 3.68-3.58 (m, 1H), 3.19(br t, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 3.12- 3.00 (m, 1H), 2.09-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.84-1.77(m, 9H), 1.37- 1.27 (m, 1H) 1-[(3R,4R)-4-{[4-(3-tert-butyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-yl)- 5-chloropyridin-2-yl]amino}-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-2- hydroxyethan-1-one

Example F23 (Scheme F-6): Preparation of1-[(3R,4R)-4-(5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl)amino)-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-y]-2-(methylamino)ethan-1-one

To a solution of (F-2) (prepared as in Example F17, 160 mg, 0.279) inDCM (10.0 mL) and TFA (10.0 mL). The mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature for 1 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of the startingmaterial with formation of the desired product mass. The reactionsolution was concentrated to dryness. The residue was taken up in MeOH(5 mL) and treated with NH₃.H₂O to adjust to pH˜7-8. The solution wasconcentrated. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC with aDuraShell column (150×25 mm, 5 μm particle size), which was eluted with22-42% MeCN/H₂O (+0.05% NH₄OH) with a flow rate of 25 mL/min to provide1-[(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-2-(methylamino)ethan-1-one(Example F23) (35.2 mg, 27% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 8.43 (t, J=4.1 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (br s, 1H), 7.61 (br d, J=12.1Hz, 1H), 7.31-7.11 (m, 1H), 5.10 (br d, J=4.5 Hz, 1H), 4.82 (td, J=6.8,13.8 Hz, 1H), 4.11-3.65 (m, 3H), 3.60-3.38 (m, 2H), 3.26-2.98 (m, 3H),2.70-2.53 (m, 4H), 2.27 (d, J=1.3 Hz, 3H), 2.02 (br s, 1H), 1.59 (d,J=6.8 Hz, 6H), 1.45-1.29 (m, 1H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₂₃H₂₉F₂N₇O₂), 474.5(M+H)⁺.

The examples in the below table were synthesized according to themethods used for the synthesis of1-[(3R,4R)-4-({5-fluoro-4-[4-fluoro-2-methyl-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-2-(methylamino)ethan-1-one(Example F23). The following examples were synthesized with non-criticalchanges or substitutions to the exemplified procedures that someone whois skilled in the art would be able to realize. If necessary, separationof the enantiomers was carried out under standard methods known in theart, such as chiral SFC or HPLC, to afford single enantiomers.

Example number Structure/Name LCMS NMR F24

476.2 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.53 (s, 1H), 8.44 (d,J = 5.3 Hz, 1H), 7.90 (br s, 1H), 7.97- 7.84 (m, 1H), 7.61-7.36 (m, 2H),5.10 (br s, 1H), 4.82 (td, J = 6.7, 13.3 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (br d, J = 12.5Hz, 1H), 4.04-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.75 (br d, J = 9.8 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (br s,1H), 3.10-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.58 (br t, J = 11.3 Hz, 1H), 2.28 (d, J = 2.0Hz, 3H), 1.90 (s, 1H), 1.56 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 6H), 1.38 (br d, J = 17.2Hz, 1H) 1-[(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4- fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2- yl}amino)-3-hydroxpiperidin-1-yl]-2-(methylamino)ethan-1-one F25

512.2 [M + Na]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, D₂O) δ 9.43- 9.31 (m, 1H), 8.43(s, 1H), 8.31 (br s, 1H), 7.77 (br d, J = 10.8 Hz, 1H), 4.46-3.98 (m,4H), 3.85-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.32- 2.82 (m, 2H), 2.76 (d, J = 3.0 Hz, 3H),2.15-2.14 (m, 1H), 1.84 (s, 9H), 1.60-1.59 (m, 1H)1-[(3R,4R)-4-{[4-(1-tert-butyl-4- fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl)-5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl]amino}-3- hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-2-(methylamino)ethan-1-one F26

520.0 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.42-8.17 (m, 2H), 8.04(s, 1H), 7.42 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, 1H), 4.40-3.88 (m, 4H), 3.84- 3.45 (m,4H), 3.15-2.67 (m, 2H), 2.09 (d, J = 13.4 Hz, 1H), 1.72 (s, 9H),1.50-1.36 (m, 1H) [(3R,4R)-4-{[4-(1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl)-5- chloropyrimidin-2-yl]amino}-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl](3- fluoroazetidin-3-yl)methanone F27

506.1 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.45 (s, 1H), 8.35 (s,1H), 7.82 (br s, 1H), 7.55-7.04 (m, 2H), 5.13 (dd, J = 21.1, 4.8 Hz,1H), 4.75 (p, J = 6.7 Hz, 1H), 4.27-3.74 (m, 4H), 3.70- 3.35 (m, 4H),3.09-2.62 (m, 2H), 1.96 (br s, J = 33.6 Hz, 1H), 1.49 (d, J = 6.7 Hz,6H), 1.43-1.23 (m, 1H) [(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H- benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-3-hydroxpiperidin-1- yl](3-fluoroazetidin-3- yl)methanone F28

488.1 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.52 (s, 1H), 8.43 (s,1H), 7.90 (br s, 1H), 7.59-7.21 (m, 2H), 5.20 (br s, 1H), 4.82 (td, J =6.7, 13.4 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (br d, J = 10.2 Hz, 1H), 4.17-3.94 (m, 1H), 3.88(br dd, J = 3.2, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 3.49 (br d, J = 3.4 Hz, 1H), 3.03 (br s,1H), 2.37- 2.19 (m, 2H), 1.97 (br s, 1H), 1.56 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H),1.46- 1.24 (m, 1H), 0.79 (br s, 2H), 0.71-0.53 (m, 2H)(1-aminocyclopropyl)[(3R,4R)- 4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol- 6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-3-hydroxypiperidin-1- yl]methanone F29

538.0 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.54 (s, 1H), 8.44 (s,1H), 7.91 (br s, 1H), 7.56-7.32 (m, 2H), 5.18 (d, J = 70.6 Hz, 1H), 4.83(p, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.42- 3.76 (m, 3H), 3.51 (d, J = 65.9 Hz, 1H),3.25-2.92 (m, 3H), 2.64-2.55 (m, 3H), 2.48- 2.42 (m, 1H), 1.99 (s, 1H),1.57 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 6H), 1.52-1.30 (m, 1H) (1-amino-3,3-difluorocyclobutyl)[(3R,4R)-4- ({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol- 6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-3-hydroxypiperidin-1- yl]methanone F30

552.2 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (500 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.27 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 2H),8.04 (s, 1H), 7.42 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, 1H), 4.01-3.43 (m, 4H), 3.16- 3.04(m, 3H), 2.75-2.37 (m, 3H), 2.14-2.01 (m, 1H), 1.72 (s, 9H), 1.48 (s,1H) (1-amino-3,3- difluorocyclobutyl)[(3R,4R)-4-{[4-(1-tert-butyl-4-fluoro-1H- benzimidazol-6-yl)-5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl]amino}-3- hydroxypiperidin-1- yl]methanone F31

544.0 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.45 (s, 1H), 8.41-8.28(m, 1H), 7.83 (br s, 1H), 7.65-7.26 (m, 2H), 5.03 (dd, J = 4.7, 12.5 Hz,1H), 4.75 (td, J = 6.7, 13.4 Hz, 1H), 4.40-3.28 (m, 5H), 3.12-2.98 (m,1H), 2.55-2.45 (m, 2H), 1.89 (br s, 3H), 2.02- 1.79 (m, 1H), 1.50 (s,6H), 1.36- 1.21 (m, 1H) (3S)-3-amino-1-[(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-1-(propan-2- yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-3- hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-4,4,4-trifluorobutan-1-one F32

525.3 [M + H]+ (ESI) 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.38 (s, 1H), 8.08 (s,1H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, 1H), 6.90-6.83 (m, 1H), 6.65(s, 1H), 5.30 (br s, 1H), 4.19-4.01 (m, 2H), 3.99-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.46 (brs, 2H), 3.23- 2.96 (m, 4H), 2.11 (br t, J = 12.7 Hz, 1H), 1.72 (s, 9H),1.39- 1.23 (m, 1H) 3-amino-1-[(3R,4R)-4-{[4-(1- tert-butyl-4-fluoro-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl)-5- chloropyridin-2-yl]amino}-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-2,2- difluoropropan-1-one

Example F33 (Scheme F-7): Preparation of2-[(3R,4R)-4-[4-(3-tert-butyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-yl)-5-chloropyridin-2-yl]amino)-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-N-methylacetamide

To a solution of(3R,4R)-4-{[4-(3-tert-butyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-y)-5-chloropyridin-2-y]amino}piperidin-3-ol(Prepared as in Example 3, 100 mg, 0.249 mmol) in EtOH (6.0 mL) wasadded 2-bromo-N-methylacetamide (56.7 mg, 0.374 mmol) and a solution ofsaturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (3.0 mL). The mixture was stirred at 70° C. for16 h. TLC analysis (1:3 MeOH/EtOAc) indicated consumption of thestarting material. The mixture was diluted with H₂O (10 mL) andextracted with EtOAc (20 mL). The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by preparative HPLCwith a DuraShell column (150×25 mm, 5 μm particle size), which waseluted with 21-41% MeCN/H₂O (+0.05% NH₄OH) with a flow rate of 25 mL/minto provide2-[(3R,4R)-4-{[4-(3-tert-butyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-yl)-5-chloropyridin-2-yl]amino}-3-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl]-N-methylacetamide(Example F33) (45.5 mg, 39% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (500 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 8.54 (s, 1H), 8.17 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (s, 1H), 7.72 (brd, J=4.6 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.85-6.80 (m, 2H), 4.91 (d,J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.60-3.49 (m, 2H), 2.91 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 2H), 2.89-2.85 (m,1H), 2.68 (br d, J=11.1 Hz, 1H), 2.62 (d, J=4.7 Hz, 3H), 2.18-2.09 (m,1H), 2.06-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.80 (s, 9H), 1.50-1.39 (m, 1H); m/z (ESI+) for(C₂₃H₃₀ClN₇O₂), 472.2 (M+H)⁺.

Example G1 (Scheme G-1):1-[6-(5-chloro-2-{[(3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-one

Step 1: Synthesis of1-[6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-one(G-2)

To a solution of1-[6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-ol(G-1) (Prepared as in Example A1, 500 mg, 1.35 mmol) in CHCl₃ (10 mL)was added MnO₂ (824 mg, 9.48 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 50° C.for 6 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of the starting material withformation of the desired product mass. The mixture was filtered andconcentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (Biotage,SiO₂, 25% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide1-[6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-one(G-2) (480 mg, 97% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃) δ8.73 (s, 1H), 8.10 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (dd, J=1.3, 10.9 Hz, 1H),6.06-5.92 (m, 1H), 2.93 (s, 3H), 1.71 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 6H); m/z (ESI+) for(C₁₆H₁₃Cl₂FN₄O), 367.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of1-[6-(5-chloro-2-{[(3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-one(Example G1)

To a solution of1-[6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-one(G-2) (100 mg, 0.272 mmol) in DMSO (5.0 mL) was added DIPEA (106 mg,0.817 mmol) and (3R,4R)-4-amino-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(Int-69). The mixture was stirred at 70° C. for 16 h. LCMS analysisshowed consumption of the starting material with formation of thedesired product mass. The mixture was diluted with H₂O (30 mL) andextracted with EtOAc (2×30 mL). The combined organic layers were driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified bypreparative TLC (SiO₂, 50% EtOAc/petroleum ether, R_(f)=0.4) to provide1-[6-(5-chloro-2-{[(3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]amino}pyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]ethan-1-one(Example G1) (58.2 mg, 41% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 8.47 (s, 1H), 8.21-8.03 (m, 1H), 7.67-7.41 (m, 2H), 5.86-5.72(m, 1H), 5.23 (d, J=4.6 Hz, 1H), 3.88-3.75 (m, 1H), 3.68-3.56 (m, 2H),3.53-3.44 (m, 1H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 2.87-2.81 (m, 1H), 2.79 (s, 3H),2.66-2.60 (m, 1H), 2.14-1.98 (m, 1H), 1.61 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 6H), 1.57-1.45(m, 1H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₂₂H₂₆ClFN₆O₄S), 525.2 (M+H)⁺.

Example H1 (Scheme H-1): Preparation of1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[2-(chloromethyl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol

Step 1: Synthesis of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline(A-16)

To a solution of 5-bromo-1,3-difluoro-2-nitrobenzene (A-15) (35.0 g, 147mmol) in THF (700 mL) was added i-PrNH₂ (8.7 g, 147 mmol) and Cs₂CO₃(57.5 g, 176 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of the starting material withformation of the desired product mass. The reaction was diluted with H₂O(300 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×300 mL). The combined organiclayers were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated to provide 5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline(A-16) (40.0 g, 98% yield) as a red solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ7.09-6.98 (m, 2H), 6.89 (dd, J=1.9, 11.1 Hz, 1H), 6.17 (s, 1H), 3.88 (brd, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 1.19 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 6H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₉H₁₀BrFN₂O₂),276.7 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]methanol (H-1)

To a solution of 5-bromo-3-fluoro-2-nitro-N-(propan-2-yl)aniline (A-16)(40.0 g, 144 mmol) in EtOH/H₂O (4:1, 700 mL) was added1,4-dioxane-2,5-diol (20.8 g, 173 mmol) and Na₂S204 (126 g, 722 mmol).The mixture was stirred at reflux for 80° C. for 16 h. LCMS analysisshowed consumption of the starting material with formation of thedesired product mass. The mixture was diluted with H₂O (100 mL) andextracted with EtOAc (3×300 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith saturated aqueous NaHCO₃, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, andconcentrated. The crude residue was purified by flash chromatography(SiO₂, 0-100% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]methanol (H-1)(19.0 g, 46% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 7.81 (d,J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (dd, J=1.5, 10.0 Hz, 1H), 5.72 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 1H),5.01-4.87 (m, 1H), 4.72 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 2H), 1.56 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H); m/z(ESI+) for (CH₁₂BrFN₂O), 286.8 (M+H)⁺.

Step 3: Synthesis of6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-{[(oxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-20)

To a solution of[6-bromo-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl]methanol (H-1)(19.0 g, 66.2 mmol) in THF (250 mL) was added p-TSA (1.7 g, 6.62 mmol)and DHP (22.3 g, 265 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 90° C. for 4 h.LCMS analysis showed consumption of the starting material with formationof the desired product mass. The reaction was diluted with H₂O (100 mL)and extracted with EtOAc (3×150 mL). The combined organic layers weredried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purifiedby flash chromatography (SiO₂, 0-100% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-{[(oxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(Int-20) (18.0 g, 73% yield) as a pale yellow solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d₆) δ 7.85 (d, J=1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (dd, J=1.5, 10.1 Hz, 1H),4.97-4.84 (m, 2H), 4.78-4.68 (m, 2H), 3.83-3.71 (m, 1H), 3.57-3.46 (m,1H), 1.72-1.63 (m, 2H), 1.57 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H), 1.53-1.46 (m, 4H); m/z(ESI+) for (C₁₆H₂BrFN₂O₂), 372.6 (M+H)⁺.

Step 4: Synthesis of4-fluoro-2-{[(oxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-1-(propan-2-yl)-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(H-2)

To a suspension of6-bromo-4-fluoro-2-{[(oxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(H-2) (8.0 g, 21.6 mmol), B₂Pin₂ (6.6 g, 25.9 mmol), and KOAc (6.3 g,64.6 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (160 mL) was added PdCl₂(dppf) (0.788 g, 1.08mmol) under N₂. The mixture was stirred at 80° C. under N₂ for 16 h.LCMS analysis indicated consumption of the starting material withformation of the desired product mass. The mixture was cooled to roomtemperature, filtered through celite, and concentrated to dryness. Theresidue was taken up in H₂O (150 mL) and extracted with EtOAc (3×150mL). The combined organics were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄,filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flashchromatography (360 g SiO₂, 0-100% EtOAc/petroleum ether) to provide4-fluoro-2-{[(oxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-1-(propan-2-yl)-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(H-2) (9.4 g, 73% yield) as a yellow solution. m/z (ESI+) for(C₂₂H₃₂BFN₂O₄), 419.1 (M+H)⁺.

Step 5: Synthesis of6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-2-{[(oxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(H-3)

A mixture of4-fluoro-2-{[(oxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-1-(propan-2-yl)-6-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(H-2) (6.0 g, 14.3 mmol), 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine (3.95 g, 21.5 mmol),and K₂CO₃ (3.96 g, 28.7 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (90 mL) and H₂O (30 mL) wasdegassed with N₂ for 5 min. Pd(PPh₃)₄ (829 mg, 0.717 mmol) was added andthe mixture was degassed for an additional 10 min. The reaction wasstirred at 90° C. under N₂ for 16 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption ofthe starting material with formation of the desired product mass. Thereaction was cooled to room temperature, diluted with H₂O (30 mL), andextracted with EtOAc (3×100 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residuewas purified by flash chromatography (40 g SiO₂, 0-60% EtOAc/petroleumether) to provide6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-2-{[(oxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(H-3) (7.4 g, 99% yield) as a white solid. m/z (ESI+) for(C₂₂H₃₂BFN₂O₄), 461.0 (M+H)⁺.

Step 6: Synthesis of1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-{[(oxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(H-4)

To a solution of6-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)-4-fluoro-2-{[(oxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole(H-3) (2.3 g, 19.8 mmol) in DMSO (150 mL) was added DIPEA (10.6 g, 82.4mmol) and 3-amino-1,5-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol (7.2 g, 16.5mmol). The mixture was stirred at 120° C. for 16 h. LCMS analysis showedconsumption of the starting material with formation of the desiredproduct mass. The reaction solution was diluted with H₂O (200 mL) andextracted with EtOAc (3×200 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The residuewas purified by flash chromatography (360 g SiO₂, 0-10% MeOH/DCM) toprovide1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-{[(oxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(H-4) (4.8 g, 56% yield) as a yellow solid. m/z (ESI+) for(C₂₅H₃₁ClFN₅O₄), 520.1 (M+H)⁺.

Step 7: Synthesis of1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(H-5)

To a solution of1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-{[(oxan-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(H-4) (4.7 g, 9.2 mmol) in MeOH (40.0 mL) was added a solution of HCl (4N in 1,4-dioxane, 10.0 mL) dropwise at 0° C. The solution was stirred at20° C. for 1 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of the startingmaterial with formation of the desired product mass. The reactionmixture was concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by flashchromatography (80 g SiO₂, 1:10 MeOH/DCM) to provide1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(H-5) (3.2 g, 80% yield) as a yellow oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ1.77-1.78 (m, 1H) 1.80 (dd, J=6.90, 2.89 Hz, 5H) 2.06-2.16 (m, 1H)3.18-3.27 (m, 1H) 3.44-3.54 (m, 1H) 3.65 (s, 1H) 3.99 (br dd, J=11.29,5.02 Hz, 3H) 5.07 (s, 2H) 5.21 (s, 2H) 7.92 (d, J=11.04 Hz, 1H) 8.36 (s,1H) 8.49 (s, 1H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₂₀H₂₃ClFN₅O₃), 436.2 (M+H)⁺.

Step 8: Synthesis of1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[2-(chloromethyl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(H-6)

To a solution of1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(H-5) (800 mg, 1.8 mmol) in DCM (10 mL) was added TEA (557 mg, 5.5mmol). The mixture was cooled to 0° C. and treated with methanesulfonylchloride (328 mg, 2.2 mmol) dropwise. The mixture was stirred at ambienttemperature for 3 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of the startingmaterial. Reaction was washed with H₂O. The aqueous layer was extractedwith DCM (3×10 mL). The combined organics were washed with brine, driedover Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated to provide1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[2-(chloromethyl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(H-6) (800 mg, 96% yield), which was taken on without furtherpurification. m/z (ESI+) for (C₂₀H₂₂Cl₂FN₅O₂), 454.1 (M+H)⁺.

Step 9: Synthesis of1,5-anhydro-3-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(3-hydroxy-3-methylazetidin-1-yl)methyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(Example H1)

To a solution of1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[2-(chloromethyl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(H-6) (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) in MeCN (2.0 mL) was added3-methylazetidin-3-ol (19.2 mg, 0.22 mmol), NaI (33.0 mg, 0.22 mmol) andDIPEA (142 mg, 1.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred under an atmosphere ofN₂ at 25° C. for 3 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of the startingmaterial with formation of the desired product mass. The reactionsolution was washed with H₂O (5 mL). The aqueous layer was extractedwith DCM (3×5 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine(10 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. The cruderesidue was purified by preparative HPLC with a YMC Triart column(30×150 mm, 7 μm particle size), which was eluted with 30-50% MeCN/H₂O(+0.05% NH₄OH) with a flow rate of 25 mL/min to provide1,5-anhydro-3-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(3-hydroxy-3-methylazetidin-1-yl)methyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(Example H1) (23.5 mg, 21% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CD₃OD) δ 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=11.4 Hz, 1H), 5.16 (appp, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.03-3.87 (m, 5H), 3.61 (dt, J=4.8, 9.4 Hz, 1H), 3.48(dt, J=2.2, 11.7 Hz, 1H), 3.30-3.27 (m, 2H), 3.24-3.19 (m, 1H),3.18-3.14 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.68 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 6H), 1.67-1.59(m, 1H), 1.46 (s, 3H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₂₄H₃₀ClFN₆O₃), 505.2 (M+H)⁺.

The examples in the below table were synthesized according to themethods used for the synthesis of1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[2-(chloromethyl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(Example H1). The following examples were synthesized with non-criticalchanges or substitutions to the exemplified procedures that someone whois skilled in the art would be able to realize.

Example number Structure/Name LCMS NMR H2

463.1 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.37 (s, 1H) 8.06 (s, 1H)7.52 (d, J = 11.5 Hz, 1H) 5.25-5.18 (m, 1H) 3.88-4.06 (m, 3H) 3.80 (s,2H) 3.63 (m, 1H) 3.36- 3.54 (m, 1H) 3.16-3.29 (m, 1H) 2.31 (s, 6H)2.03-2.20 (m, 1H) 1.69 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H) 1.58- 1.67 (m, 1H)1,5-anhydro-3-[(5-chloro-4-{2- [(dimethylamino)methyl]-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H- benzimidazol-6-yl}pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol H3

491.1 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.02 (s,1H), 7.49 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, 1H), 5.16-5.06 (m, 1H), 4.35 (t, J = 6.2 Hz,1H), 4.01-3.89 (m, 5H), 3.66- 3.57 (m, 3H), 3.48 (dt, J = 2.1, 11.7 Hz,1H), 3.20 (dd, J = 9.7, 11.1 Hz, 1H), 3.11-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.18-2.09 (m,1H), 1.68 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H), 1.66-1.58 (m, 1H)1,5-anhydro-3-[(5-chloro-4-{4- fluoro-2-[(3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl)methyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H- benzimidazol-6-yl}pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol H4

519.3 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.03 (s,1H), 7.50 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 1H), 5.19-5.10 (m, 1H), 4.04-3.89 (m, 5H),3.61 (dt, J = 4.7, 9.4 Hz, 1H), 3.48 (dt, J = 2.3, 11.7 Hz, 1H),3.25-3.17 (m, 3H), 2.97 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 1H), 2.13 (td, J = 2.3, 13.2 Hz,1H), 1.69 (dd, J = 6.9, 12.9 Hz, 7H), 1.28 (s, 3H), 0.88 (d, J = 6.2 Hz,3H) 1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4- fluoro-2-{[(2S,3R)-3-hydroxy-2,3-dimethylazetidin-1- yl]methyl}-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2- yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol H5

491.2 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.37 (s, 1H) 8.06 (s, 1H)7.52 (d, J = 11.8 Hz, 1H) 5.08-5.16 (m, 1H) 4.80 (m, 2H) 4.46 (m 2H)4.11 (s, 2H) 3.90-4.08 (m, 4H) 3.63 (m, 1H) 3.50 (m, 1H) 3.19-3.26 (m,1H) 2.13 (m, 1H) 1.72 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 6H), 1.69-1.61 (m, 2H)1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4- fluoro-2-{[(oxetan-3-yl)amino]methyl}-1-(propan-2- yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3- dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol H6

493.2 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.03 (s,1H), 7.49 (d, J = 11.5 Hz, 1H), 5.25-5.04 (m, 2H), 4.01 (s, 2H), 4.00-3.87 (m, 3H), 3.74-3.56 (m, 3H), 3.53-3.44 (m, 1H), 3.43- 3.37 (m, 1H),3.37-3.32 (m, 1H), 3.20 (dd, J = 9.7, 11.1 Hz, 1H), 2.18-2.09 (m, 1H),1.68 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H), 1.66-1.58 (m, 1H)1,5-anhydro-3-[(5-chloro-4-{4- fluoro-2-[(3-fluoroazetidin-1-yl)methyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H- benzimidazol-6-yl}pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol H7

475.2 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.03 (s,1H), 7.49 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, 1H), 5.15-5.07 (m, 1H), 4.01-3.89 (m, 5H),3.61 (br d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.52- 3.44 (m, 1H), 3.35 (t, J = 7.0 Hz,4H), 3.20 (dd, J = 9.7, 11.1 Hz, 1H), 2.16-2.08 (m, 3H), 1.69 (d, J =7.0 Hz, 6H), 1.67- 1.60 (m, 1H) 1,5-anhydro-3-[(4-{2-[(azetidin-1-yl)methyl]-4-fluoro-1-(propan- 2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}-5-chloropyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-2,3- dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol

Example H8 (Scheme H-2):1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-y)-2-{[(propan-2-yl)amino]methyl}-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol

Step 1: Synthesis of1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[2-(dihydroxymethyl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(H-7)

A mixture(3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol(H-5) (900 mg, 2.1 mmol) and MnO₂ (2.7 g, 31 mmol in MeOH (20.0 mL) wasstirred at 60° C. for 16 h. LCMS analysis showed consumption of thestarting material. The reaction was filtered and the filter cake waswashed with MeOH (20 mL). The filtrate was concentrated to dryness. Theresidue was purified by flash chromatography (ISCO, 20 g SiO₂, 1:10MeOH/DCM) to provide1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[2-(dihydroxymethyl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(H-7) (162 mg, 26% yield) as a colorless oil. ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ1.69 (t, J=5.77 Hz, 7H) 2.00-2.23 (m, 1H) 3.18-3.26 (m, 1H) 3.50 (br d,J=2.26 Hz, 1H) 3.63 (td, J=9.29, 5.02 Hz, 1H) 3.98 (br. dd, J=11.29,4.52 Hz, 3H) 5.44-5.53 (m, 1H) 5.88 (s, 1H) 7.53 (br d, J=11.54 Hz, 1H)8.07 (s, 1H) 8.37 (s, 1H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₂₀H₂₃ClFN₅O₄), 452.2 (M+H)⁺.

Step 2: Synthesis of1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-2-{[(propan-2-yl)amino]methyl}-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(Example H8)

To a solution1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[2-(dihydroxymethyl)-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(H-7) (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) and i-PrNH₂ (12.7 mg, 0.215 mmol) in MeOH (5.0mL) was added AcOH (6.4 mg, 0.107 mmol). After stirring for 2 h atambient temperature NaBH₃CN (13.5, 0.215 mmol) was added and the mixturewas stirred for 16 h overnight. LCMS analysis showed consumption of thestarting material with formation of the desired product mass. Thereaction was poured into a solution aqueous Na₂CO₃ (1.0 M, 5 mL) andextracted with DCM (3×5 mL). The combined organic layers were washedwith brine (15 mL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered, and concentrated. Theresidue was purified by preparative HPLC with an Xtimate C18 column(250×80 mm, 10 μm particle size), which was eluted with 35-55% MeCN/H₂O(+0.05% NH₄OH) with a flow rate of 25 mL/min to provide1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-2-{[(propan-2-yl)amino]methyl}-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(Example H8)(10.9 mg, 21% yield) as a white solid. ¹H NMR (400 MHz,CD₃OD) δ 8.37 (s, 1H) 8.05 (s, 1H) 7.51 (d, J=11.8 Hz, 1H) 5.05-5.17 (m,1H) 4.15 (s, 2H) 3.90-4.03 (m, 3H) 3.64 (m, 1H) 3.50 (m, 1H) 3.13-3.26(m, 1H) 2.85-2.95 (m, 1H) 2.15 (m, 1H) 1.71 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 6H) 1.66 (m,1H) 1.16 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 6H); m/z (ESI+) for (C₂₃H₃₀ClFN₆O₂), 477.1(M+H)⁺.

The examples in the below table was synthesized according to the methodsused for the synthesis of1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-2-{[(propan-2-yl)amino]methyl}-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol(Example H8). The following example was synthesized with non-criticalchanges or substitutions to the exemplified procedures that someone whois skilled in the art would be able to realize.

Example number Structure/Name LCMS NMR  H9

568.1 [M + H]+ (APCI) ¹H NMR (700 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 8.43 (s, 1H),8.09-7.68 (m, 1H), 7.44 (d, J = 35.3 Hz, 1H), 5.01 (p, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H),4.59 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H), 4.35-4.26 (m, 2H), 4.00 (s, 2H), 3.92 (d, J =11.1 Hz, 1H), 3.85-3.74 (m, 2H), 3.66-3.57 (m, 6H), 2.89 (s, 3H), 1.59(d, J = 6.8 Hz, 6H) (3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4- fluoro-2-{[(oxetan-3-yl)amino]methyl}-1-(propan-2- yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-1- (methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol H10

553.9 [M + H]+ (APCI) ¹H NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d₆) δ 7.96 (s, 1H),7.62-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.09-6.82 (m, 2H), 4.88- 4.67 (m, 1H), 4.65-4.48 (m,1H), 3.58 (s, 2H), 3.34 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.15 (d, J = 10.1 Hz, 1H),2.46-2.37 (m, 4H), 2.31-2.25 (m, 1H), 2.19 (t, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H),1.63-1.55 (m, 1H), 1.41 (br. s., 3H), 1.13 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H),1.10-1.01 (m, 1H), 0.56 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 6H) (3R,4R)-4-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-2- {[(propan-2-yl)amino]methyl}-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin- 2-yl}amino)-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol H11

475.3 [M + H]+ (ESI) ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CD₃OD) δ 8.37 (s, 1H), 8.05 (s,1H), 7.51 (d, J = 11.54 Hz, 1H), 5.07 (dt, J = 13.93, 6.84 Hz, 1H), 4.19(s, 2H), 3.90-4.03 (m, 3H), 3.63 (td, J = 9.41, 4.77 Hz, 1H), 3.50 (td,J = 11.67, 2.01 Hz, 1H), 3.22 (dd, J = 11.04, 9.79 Hz, 1H), 2.26 (dt, J= 6.71, 3.29 Hz, 1H), 2.12-2.18 (m, 1H), 1.69 (d, J = 7.03 Hz, 6H),1.60- 1.68 (m, 1H), 0.45-0.51 (m, 2H), 0.31-0.36 (m, 2H)1,5-anhydro-3-[(5-chloro-4- [(cyclopropylamino)methyl]-4-fluoro-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H- benzimidazol-6-yl}pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitolBiological Assays and DataCDK4/Cyclin D1 Mobility Shift Assay

The purpose CDK4/Cyclin D1 assay is to evaluate the inhibition (%inhibition, K_(iapp) and K_(i) values) in the presence of small moleculeinhibitors by using a fluorescence based microfluidic mobility shiftassay. CDK4/Cyclin D1 catalyzes the production of ADP from ATP thataccompanies the phosphoryl transfer to the substrate peptide5-FAM-Dyrktide (5-FAM-RRRFRPASPLRGPPK) (SEQ ID NO:1). The mobility shiftassay electrophoretically separates the fluorescently labeled peptides(substrate and phosphorylated product) following the kinase reaction.Both substrate and product are measured and the ratio of these values isused to generate % Conversion of substrate to product by the LabChip EZReader. Typical reaction solutions contained 2% DMSO (±inhibitor), 10 mMMgCl₂, 1 mM DTT, 3.5 mM ATP, 0.005% TW-20, 3 μM 5-FAM-Dyrktide, 3 nM(active sites) activated CDK4/Cyclin D1 in 40 mM HEPES buffer at pH 7.5.

Inhibitor K_(i) determinations for activated CDK4/Cyclin D1 (2007E1/2008+PO₄) were initiated with the addition of ATP (50 μL finalreaction volume), following a eighteen minute pre-incubation of enzymeand inhibitor at 22° C. in the reaction mix. The reaction was stoppedafter 195 minutes by the addition of 50 μL of 30 mM EDTA. K_(i)determinations were made from a plot of the fractional velocity as afunction of inhibitor concentration fit to the Morrison equation withthe enzyme concentration as a variable.

CDK6/Cyclin D3 Mobility Shift Assay

The purpose of the CDK6/Cyclin D3 assay is to evaluate the inhibition (%inhibition, K_(iapp) and K_(i) values) in the presence of small moleculeinhibitors by using a fluorescence based microfluidic mobility shiftassay. CDK6/Cyclin D3 catalyzes the production of ADP from ATP thataccompanies the phosphoryl transfer to the substrate peptide5-FAM-Dyrktide (5-FAM-RRRFRPASPLRGPPK) (SEQ ID NO:1). The mobility shiftassay electrophoretically separates the fluorescently labeled peptides(substrate and phosphorylated product) following the kinase reaction.Both substrate and product are measured and the ratio of these values isused to generate % conversion of substrate to product by the LabChip EZReader. Typical reaction solutions contained 2% DMSO (±inhibitor), 2%glycerol, 10 mM MgCl₂, 1 mM DTT, 3.5 mM ATP, 0.005% Tween 20 (TW-20), 3μM 5-FAM-Dyrktide, 4 nM (active sites) activated CDK6/Cyclin D3 in 40 mMHEPES buffer at pH 7.5.

Inhibitor K_(i) determinations for activated CDK6/Cyclin D3(LJIC-2009G1/2010+PO₄) were initiated with the addition of ATP (50 μLfinal reaction volume), following a eighteen minute pre-incubation ofenzyme and inhibitor at 22° C. in the reaction mix. The reaction wasstopped after 95 minutes by the addition of 50 μL of 30 mM EDTA. K_(i)determinations were made from a plot of the fractional velocity as afunction of inhibitor concentration fit to the Morrison equation withthe enzyme concentration as a variable.

For CDK4 and CDK6 mobility shift assays, see also Morrison, J. F. (1969)Kinetics of the reversible inhibition of enzyme-catalysed reactions bytight-binding inhibitors, Biochimica et biophysica acta 185, 269-286;and Murphy, D. J. (2004) Determination of accurate KI values fortight-binding enzyme inhibitors: an in silico study of experimentalerror and assay design, Analytical biochemistry 327, 61-67.

Phospho-Serine 795 Rb ELISA Assays

JEKO-1 or MV4-11 cells were seeded at 15,000 or 20,000 cells per well,respectively, in 100 μL growth media and allowed to incubate at 37° C.with 5% CO₂ overnight. The following day, compounds were seriallydiluted from a 10 mM top dose for an 11-point 3-fold dilution curve inDMSO. Compounds were intermediately diluted 1:200 into growth mediaprior to diluting 1:5 on cells for final concentration 10 μM to 0.1 nMin 0.1% DMSO on cells. JEKO-1 and MV4-11 cells were treated were treatedovernight, at 37° C. with 5% CO₂. Cells were lysed in 100 μL/well CSTlysis buffer on ice and transferred to pre-coated and blockedanti-phospho-Ser795 Rb ELISA plates for overnight incubation at 4° C.Plates were washed to remove residual, unbound cellular proteins andtotal Rb detection antibody added for 90 minutes at 37° C. Followingwash to remove unbound total Rb antibody, the HRP tagged antibody wasallowed to bind for 30 minutes at 37° C. Following wash to removeunbound HRP antibody, Glo Substrate Reagent was added and incubatedprotected from light for 5 to 10 minutes. Plates were read inluminescence mode and IC₅₀ values calculated.

Biological Activity

Biological activity data for representative compounds of the inventionare provided in Table 6. CDK4 and CDK6 in vitro Ki (nM) data areprovided using calorimetric assays. CDK4 and CDK6 cell-based IC₅₀ (nM)data are provided for CDK4 and CDK6 using phospho-Rb S795 ELISA assaysin JEKO-1 and MV4-11 cells.

CDK4 pRB CDK6 pRB S795 ELISA S795 ELISA CDK4D1 JEKO-1 cells CDK6_D3MV4-11 cells Example No. Ki (nM) IC50 (nM) Ki (nM) IC50 (nM) A01 0.125.3 2.3 76.5 A02 0.1 88.6 2.5 163.3 A03 4.0 17.3 A04 0.6 329.6 11.4289.2 A05 3.3 225.1 50.8 541.4 A06 1.4 87.4 17.5 192.2 A07 1.8 182.128.0 520.4 A08 1.1 4.8 A09 0.1 16.8 1.4 57.6 A10 0.6 72.7 10.4 195.3 A110.3 122.7 3.0 143.9 A12 0.6 29.8 7.9 108.5 A13 1.7 72.2 31.5 276.7 A140.5 4.6 A15 0.3 2.4 A16 0.2 25.7 2.7 98.1 A17 0.1 9.9 0.4 13.4 A18 0.225.0 2.3 77.2 A19 0.9 69.1 14.6 318.4 A20 2.7 20.4 A21 7.3 135.6 A22 3.249.7 A23 0.5 26.5 11.6 84.1 A24 1.3 40.1 16.4 166.9 A25 0.0 13.3 1.330.6 A26 0.2 12.2 4.2 24.3 A27 1.0 75.6 15.7 269.2 A28 0.5 99.2 6.2131.1 A29 0.6 68.6 5.1 95.7 A30 0.2 51.6 4.9 63.5 A31 0.5 23.5 7.1 87.0A32 0.9 7.1 A33 8.3 78.0 A34 11.1 102.1 A35 1.5 123.8 58.9 966.7 A36 0.219.6 3.7 43.9 A37 3.5 34.2 A38 0.5 455.7 10.2 598.1 A39 1.3 12.3 A40 0.385.5 3.5 346.5 A41 3.1 92.8 48.8 216.1 A42 6.0 54.7 A43 4.8 44.0 A44 4.976.5 113.9 408.0 A45 1.0 65.8 52.0 468.4 A46 2.3 40.5 A47 1.0 382.7 24.6370.3 A48 0.1 36.5 2.3 58.9 A49 0.7 76.0 14.3 219.2 A50 17.0 109.5 A512.0 245.0 55.7 1528.4 A52 2.7 202.1 60.1 973.1 A53 0.6 67.3 16.7 208.3A54 2.3 173.1 37.5 605.3 A55 3.2 197.8 64.9 283.5 A56 1.3 9.6 A57 0.449.0 19.1 269.1 A58 0.6 33.1 17.6 203.0 A59 0.6 47.7 56.7 521.4 A60 1.665.2 33.6 190.3 A61 0.2 11.4 2.6 33.5 A62 0.5 27.5 8.0 66.6 A63 0.9 9.7A64 2.0 10.7 A65 0.6 3.5 A66 12.1 54.7 A67 1.4 15.5 A68 0.7 48.7 14.3234.9 A69 0.7 101.4 4.9 237.7 A70 26.2 124.2 A71 0.8 94.9 11.4 286.9 A720.3 2.1 A73 0.9 72.0 16.1 188.1 A74 0.2 26.5 6.2 89.7 A75 0.3 33.2 5.0102.8 A76 0.2 96.1 6.3 242.0 A77 0.3 61.1 4.9 126.4 A78 0.1 26.4 1.873.9 A79 1.8 598.0 17.6 1138.0 A80 0.5 72.9 14.7 216.7 A81 A82 3.8 24.6A83 4.1 394.8 88.5 1223.0 A84 6.0 30.3 A85 9.9 62.8 A86 4.7 23.5 A87 0.240.1 2.8 97.7 A88 4.5 7318.0 80.4 10000.0 A89 0.5 118.4 12.0 570.3 A900.2 1.1 A91 0.1 14.9 1.7 25.7 A92 0.1 23.8 0.9 42.9 A93 0.2 34.7 4.461.4 A94 0.6 38.5 13.9 144.9 B01 0.1 65.6 1.5 129.0 B02 7.3 27.1 C01 5.2176.4 98.1 1379.5 C02 4.1 583.7 89.3 1350.0 D01 0.4 1.7 D02 1.0 9.3 D030.6 4.7 D04 0.6 68.2 12.5 172.0 D05 2.2 85.7 39.4 258.0 D06 E01 0.1 17.01.4 37.9 F01 0.8 114.1 14.6 576.0 F02 4.3 39.9 F03 2.7 26.4 F04 F05 2.1247.9 25.8 478.2 F06 1.5 160.6 27.8 134.4 F07 15.3 125.4 F08 0.5 108.411.5 311.3 F09 0.6 5.5 F10 0.5 41.3 6.1 152.7 F11 5.4 821.1 79.9 2402.1F12 50.0 109.5 F13 11.6 81.1 F14 3.6 30.8 F15 0.0 34.4 1.0 39.8 F16 1.4675.3 26.0 362.7 F17 0.5 83.2 8.3 126.6 F18 0.9 31.7 10.1 F19 1.5 11.8F20 2.0 155.1 24.3 787.5 F21 0.4 59.5 7.7 246.2 F22 0.5 61.3 9.1 171.1F23 1.0 691.9 11.0 1318.1 F24 2.1 19.9 F25 1.2 455.3 19.3 455.2 F26 0.1142.8 4.6 182.3 F27 0.5 60.8 5.1 188.0 F28 2.2 190.5 22.3 745.2 F29 1.8245.5 23.3 643.7 F30 0.5 66.1 12.5 377.1 F31 2.4 23.0 F32 0.9 171.6 12.8628.3 F33 0.2 24.6 5.2 112.8 G01 0.4 5.9 H01 2.4 137.1 127.0 857.6 H020.8 52.1 20.0 117.9 H03 1.8 155.4 66.9 422.9 H04 0.8 63.4 38.2 220.9 H054.5 249.0 93.3 1470.2 H06 1.1 79.6 35.6 343.3 H07 1.4 48.3 43.0 409.1H08 1.2 35.6 44.5 305.9 H09 0.9 205.1 18.6 230.3 H10 0.5 14.9 16.4 51.1H11 0.7 43.4 22.1 295.1

All publications and patent applications cited in the specification areherein incorporated by reference in their entirety. It will be apparentto those of ordinary skill in the art that certain changes andmodifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit orscope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound of Formula (IX):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R¹ is H, F, Cl,CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₂ alkyl andC₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰; R² is H, C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl, C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl or 3-6 membered heterocyclyl,where each said C₁-C₅ alkyl and C₁-C₅ fluoroalkyl is optionallysubstituted by R²⁰ and each said C₃-C₈ cycloalkyl and 3-6 memberedheterocyclyl is optionally substituted by R²¹; and R⁴ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl,C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each saidC₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally substituted by R²⁰; or R⁶ is H, F, Cl, CN, CH₃, CH₂F, CHF₂ orCF₃; R⁷ and R⁸ are independently H, F, Cl, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl, C₁-C₂fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₂alkyl, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₂ alkoxy and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy isoptionally substituted by R²⁰; R⁹ is H, OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂; eachR¹⁰ is independently F, CN, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl, where eachsaid C₁-C₂ alkyl and C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰;R¹¹ is H, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, SO₂R¹⁴, SO₂NR¹⁵R¹⁶, COR¹⁷,COOR¹⁷ or CONR¹⁸R¹⁹; R¹⁴ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl; each R¹⁵and R¹⁶ is independently H or CH₃; R¹⁷ is C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl isoptionally substituted by R²⁰; each R¹⁸ and R¹⁹ is independently H,C₁-C₄ alkyl or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl and C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl is optionally substituted by R²⁰; each R²⁰ is independentlyOH, C₁-C₂ alkoxy, C₁-C₂ fluoroalkoxy, CN or NR²²R²³; each R²¹ isindependently F, OH, CN, NR²²R²³, C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄ fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄alkoxy or C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy, where each said C₁-C₄ alkyl, C₁-C₄fluoroalkyl, C₁-C₄ alkoxy and C₁-C₄ fluoroalkoxy is optionally furthersubstituted by OH, NH₂, NHCH₃ or N(CH₃)₂; each R²² and R²³ isindependently H, C₁-C₂ alkyl or C₁-C₂ fluoroalkyl; or R²² and R²³ may betaken together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached to forman azetidinyl ring, which is optionally substituted by F or OH; and n is0, 1, 2, 3 or
 4. 2.(3R,4R)-4-[(5-chloro-4-{4-fluoro-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl}pyrimidin-2-yl)amino]-1-(methanesulfonyl)piperidin-3-ol,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 3. A pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising the compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier orexcipient.
 4. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound ofclaim 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and apharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
 5. A method for thetreatment of cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprisingadministering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of thecompound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 6. Amethod for the treatment of cancer in a subject in need thereof,comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effectiveamount of the compound of claim 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof.
 7. A method for the treatment of cancer in a subject in needthereof, comprising administering to the subject a therapeuticallyeffective amount of1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the cancer isselected from the group consisting of breast cancer, ovarian cancer,bladder cancer, uterine cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, esophagealcancer, head and neck cancer, colorectal cancer, kidney cancer, livercancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer and thyroid cancer.
 8. Themethod of claim 7, wherein the cancer is breast cancer.
 9. The method ofclaim 8, wherein the breast cancer is hormone receptor (HR)-positive,human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer.
 10. Themethod of claim 9, wherein the breast cancer is HR-positive,HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer.
 11. The method ofclaim 10, further comprising administering to the subject an additionalanti-cancer agent.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the additionalanti-cancer agent is an endocrine agent selected from the groupconsisting of an aromatase inhibitor, a selective estrogen receptordownregulator (SERD), and a selective estrogen receptor modulator(SERM).
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the endocrine agent isletrozole or fulvestrant.
 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered as afirst line therapy.
 15. The method of claim 14, further comprisingadministering to the subject an additional anti-cancer agent, whereinthe additional anti-cancer agent is letrozole.
 16. The method of claim10, wherein the1,5-anhydro-3-({5-chloro-4-[4-fluoro-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1-(propan-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]pyrimidin-2-yl}amino)-2,3-dideoxy-D-threo-pentitol,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, is administered as asecond or later line therapy.
 17. The method of claim 16, furthercomprising administering to the subject an additional anti-cancer agent,wherein the additional anti-cancer agent is fulvestrant.
 18. The methodof claim 7, wherein the cancer is lung cancer.
 19. The method of claim18, wherein the lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). 20.The method of claim 7, wherein the cancer is colorectal cancer.
 21. Themethod of claim 7, wherein the cancer is prostate cancer.